scholarly journals Spatial analysis of the cure rate for tuberculosis in primary health care in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro between 2012 and 2014

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Prado Junior ◽  
Roberto de Andrade Medronho
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
World Health ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Access To Health

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) has a high disease burden and the World Health Organization (WHO) states it is a global emergency. TB is the most important cause of death from infectious disease in adults. It is directly related to access to health services and socioeconomic factors. Primary health care (PHC) provides greater linkage of people to health services and greater medication adherence in some chronic diseases. It also provides supervised treatment and more effective search for contactants. The PHC Reform started in 2009 in Rio de Janeiro, increasing coverage from 7% to 46.16% in 2015.Methodology/Principal findingsThis paper aims to evaluate the spatial distribution of new TB cases closed with a cure outcome in dwellers of Rio de Janeiro in the period 2012-2014, according to PHC coverage, controlling socioeconomic, demographic and epidemiological factors. Variables were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System for Tuberculosis (SINAN-TB) and the socioeconomic variables from the 2010 national census at census tract level. The socioeconomic variables were selected from multivariate analysis using main factors analysis technique. The generalized additive model (GAM) was used for the spatial analysis. Association was found between TB cure and variables education, alcoholism, contacts search, HIV serology and elderly. People with family health coverage between 35 and 41 months were 1.64 more likely of cure when compared to people without coverage (95% CI 1.07-2.51). Spatial analysis identified areas with less probability of cure for tuberculosis in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro.Author SummaryTuberculosis is associated to social and demographic conditions. Lack of access to healthcare contributes to delay in diagnosis and in the beginning of the treatment. Primary health care improve access and adherence to treatment. This study can be useful as a public health policy, since it is possible to prioritize the region in the map to improve TB cure. We found association between tuberculosis cure and the duration of implantation of the primary health care teams. This finding corroborates the importance of treating tuberculosis in this level of care. The spatial analysis of cases of tuberculosis cure showed a significant spatial association with the cure of tuberculosis. The results of this study can contribute reinforcing the policy makers for developing primary health care to improve the access to health services and to reach better TB cure rates. Spatial analysis may be an useful tool for identifying the areas where to prioritize efforts for reaching better results.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Accessibility in Seven Peruvian Primary Health Care Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2301-2306
Author(s):  
Mario J. Valladares-garrido ◽  
Laura M. Ccosco-blas ◽  
Paula Gutiérrez ◽  
Paola J. Ramos-rupay ◽  
Alix X. Rivera-pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Primary Health Care Facilities

Introduction: There is limited evidence on factors associated with access to health primary health care services in users of marginal urban areas of Lima, Peru. Objective: To determine factors associated with access to primary health care services in Lima, Peru. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study in users treated at seven primary health care facilities in a marginal urban area of Lima, Peru in 2019. A questionnaire was used to measure accessibility to health services; demographic and socioeconomic factors and characteristics of health services were investigated as well. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed, estimating prevalence ratios. Results: Out of a total of 150 participants, 85.2% had access to health services. Female gender was positively associated with access to health services (aPR:1.17, 95% CI:1.11-1.23). Secondary education (aPR:0.65, 95% CI:0.44-0.98) and higher technical education or armed forces (aPR:0.64, 95%CI:0.46-0.89) were negatively associated with access to health services. On the other hand, we found that waiting time for care reduces the possibility of accessing health care; in case wait time is more than 30 minutes (aPR:0.83, 95% CI: 0.77-0.95), more than one hour (RPa:0.85, CI95%:0.75-0.95) and more than two hours (RPa:0.84, CI95%:0.75-0.93). Conclusions: The majority of users treated at the Primary Health Care facilities had access to health services. Having a higher educational level and reporting a longer waiting time for care were associated with a lower frequency of accessibility, while being a woman was associated with a higher frequency of accessibility. Key words: Health services, primary health care, health services accessibility, delivery of health care, public health.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of the Tuberculosis Cure in Primary Care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Prado Junior ◽  
Roberto de Andrade Medronho
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Family Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) presents a high burden of disease and is considered a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO), consisting of the most important cause of death from infectious disease in adults. It is related directly to access to health services and socioeconomic factors. Primary health care provides greater linking people to health services and greater medication adherence in some chronic diseases. Also, it provides supervised treatment and the search for more effective contacts. Objective: This paper aims to compare the tuberculosis cure among the areas covered and not covered by the family health teams from 2012 to 2014. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Rio de Janeiro. The variables were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System for Tuberculosis (SINAN-TB) and the socioeconomic variables from the 2010 national census. The socioeconomic variables were selected from the multivariate analysis using principal factors analysis techniques. For the spatial analysis was used a generalized additive model (GAM). Results: Association was found between TB cure and education, alcoholism, contacts search, serology for HIV and the elderly. People with family health coverage between 35 and 41 months had 1,64 more chance of cure when compared to people without coverage (95% CI 1.07 to 2.51). Conclusion: From the spatial analysis, it was possible to identify areas with less chance of cure for tuberculosis in the municipality.

scholarly journals Presence and extent of the primary health care attributes among children hospitalized for pneumonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Coelho Pina ◽  
Suzana Alves de Moraes ◽  
Maria Cândida de Carvalho Furtado ◽  
Débora Falleiros de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
Coordination Of Care ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Access To Health

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the presence and extent of the primary health care attributes among children hospitalized for pneumonia.METHOD: observational and retrospective study with hospital-based case-control design, developed in three hospitals associated to the Brazilian Unified Health System, located in a city of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The study included 690 children under five years old, with 345 cases and 345 controls.RESULTS: both groups scored high for access to health services. In contrast, high scores for attributes such as longitudinality and coordination of care were observed for the controls. Despite low scores, integrality and family counseling were also high for the controls.CONCLUSION: knowledge of the aspects involving the primary health care attributes and its provision for child care are very important because they have the potential to support professionals and managers of the Brazilian Unified Health System in the organization of health services.

scholarly journals Fragilidades e fortalezas da assistência à saúde do homem na atenção primária à saúde

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Angélica Cristina Silveira Marques ◽  
Adriani Izabel de Souza Moraes ◽  
Sílvia Carla da Silva André Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Men's Health ◽  
Health It ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Care Health ◽  
The City

O processo de adoecimento dos homens vem sendo determinado pelo seu comportamento na sociedade e como expressam suas crenças de masculinidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as ações realizadas pelos enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) direcionadas à promoção da saúde do homem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e de abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada com 29 enfermeiros de serviços da APS do município de São Carlos-SP. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista, utilizando um instrumento validado. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Os resultados mostram que 65,5% (19) dos enfermeiros referiram não ter recebido capacitação sobre a saúde do homem. Quanto aos fatores facilitadores do acesso dos homens nos serviços de saúde, destacam-se que 19% (11) das respostas incluíram o vínculo estabelecido entre os profissionais e usuários; e, como agentes dificultadores, em 35,1% (19) das respostas foi ressaltada a cultura do homem. Para uma maior efetividade da assistência à saúde do homem, torna-se necessário a sensibilização de profissionais e gestores de saúde na busca de estratégias para facilitar o acesso da população masculina aos serviços de saúde.Descritores: Saúde do Homem, Atenção Primária à Saúde, Enfermagem. Fragilities and strengths of man's health care in primary health careAbstract: The illness process of men has been determined by their behavior in society and how they express their beliefs about masculinity. The objective of this study was to identify the actions performed by nurses of Primary Health Care (PHC) directed to the promotion of men's health. It is descriptive, exploratory, and quantitative approach research. The research was conducted with 29 nurses from the PHC services of the city of São Carlos-SP. Data were collected through an interview using an instrument validated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Still, data collection began after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. The results show that 65.5% (19) of the nurses reported not having received training on men's health. Regarding factors that facilitate men's access to health services, it is noteworthy that 19% (11) of the answers included the bond established between professionals and users; and, as hindering agents, 35.1% (19) of the answers highlighted men's culture. Thus, for greater effectiveness of men's health care, health professionals and managers need to be sensitized in the search for strategies to facilitate the male population's access to health services.Descriptors: Men's Health, Primary Health Care, Nursing. Fragilidades y fortalezas de la atención médica del hombre en la atención primaria de saludResumen: El proceso de enfermedad de los hombres ha sido determinado por su comportamiento en la sociedad y cómo expresan sus creencias sobre la masculinidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las acciones realizadas por las enfermeras de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) dirigidas a la promoción de la salud de los hombres. Es una investigación de enfoque descriptivo, exploratorio y cuantitativo. La investigación se realizó con 29 enfermeras de los servicios de APS de la ciudad de São Carlos-SP. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de una entrevista utilizando un instrumento validado. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva. Aún así, la recopilación de datos comenzó después de la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación. Los resultados muestran que el 65.5% (19) de las enfermeras informaron no haber recibido capacitación sobre la salud de los hombres. En cuanto a los factores que facilitan el acceso de los hombres a los servicios de salud, cabe destacar que el 19% (11) de las respuestas incluyeron el vínculo establecido entre profesionales y usuarios; y, como agentes obstaculizadores, el 35,1% (19) de las respuestas destacaron la cultura de los hombres. Por lo tanto, para una mayor efectividad de la atención médica de los hombres, los profesionales de la salud y los gerentes deben ser sensibilizados en la búsqueda de estrategias para facilitar El acceso de la población masculina a los servicios de salud.Descriptores: Salud del Hombre, Atención Primaria de Salud, Nursing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Access on the perspective of adult users of Primary Health Care in Fortaleza, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Borges Costa ◽  
C Salles Gazeta Vieira Fernandes ◽  
T Custódio Mota ◽  
E Torquato Santos ◽  
M Moura de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
The City

Abstract The Alma-Ata Conference promoted Primary Health Care (PHC) worldwide as a form of universal and continuous access to quality and effective health services. In Brazil, PHC, through the Family Health Strategy (FHS), aims to be the gateway to the health system and its structuring axis. For this, it is necessary to promote access, an essential condition for the quality of health care services, following the attributes systematized by Barbara Starfield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the attribute “First Contact Access” on the perspective of adult users of public PHC services in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. A transversal study was carried out, in 19 PHC Units, from June to December 2019, using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) Brazil version for adult users. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. 233 users participated, mostly women (69.5%), aged 30 to 59 years old (55.3%), mixed-race (69.5%), with complete high school (38.2%), without private health coverage (89.3%), homeowners (68.7%) and belonging to families of up to 4 members (87.9%). The “Accessibility” component had the lowest score, 2.83, and the “Utilization” had the highest score, 8.06. Older age was associated with higher “Accessibility” scores (p = 0,018), while lower values of “Utilization” were associated with higher education (p = 0,004). The main problems observed were: low access for acute demand consultations, lack of access at nighttime and weekends, little access through non-personal ways, bureaucratic barriers and a long time for scheduling appointments. We conclude that, although there was an improvement in PHC coverage in the city over the years, mainly due to FHS, there is still a lot to improve to ensure timely access to health services. Key messages Users consider PHC as the usual source of care, demonstrated by the high score of 'Utilization', however, they are unable to use it when necessary, demonstrated by the low score of 'Accessibility'. Expanding forms of access is essential to contribute to the strengthening of PHC in Fortaleza, Brazil, facilitating the entry to its national Universal Health System.

Traditional Health Practitioners as Primary Health Care Workers

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Traditional Health Practitioners ◽  
Health Practitioners

The author conducted a field study in 1993 to evaluate the effectiveness of four projects that were training traditional health practitioners (THPs) to provide primary health care (PHC) services in Ghana, Mexico, and Bangladesh. The study, funded by a grant from the World Health Organization, Division of Strengthening Health Services, concluded that incorporating trained THPs in PHC programmes can be cost effective in providing essential and culturally relevant health services to communities. The main objective of the study was to evaluate how effective the training projects were and to determine what impacts they might have upon the communities served. A qualitative field evaluation was performed using data collected from project documents, observations, and field interviews with a selection of health agency staff, THPs, and community members. A summary of results is presented from the four field studies. For details refer to the full report1.

On Line Primary Health Care

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Rosemary M Green ◽  
Margaret L Parker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Telephone Service ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Telephone Advice ◽  
On Line ◽  
Ease Of Access

Primary health care provided via a telephone service allows parents ready access to health services and health information. This paper reports the findings of a survey of 4169 users of a 24 hour Child and Youth Health Telephone Advice Service. The purpose was to establish baseline data of parents who telephoned. It sought to determine how often parents rang, why they used the service in preference to other services, the reasons for telephoning and details about the caller and the child they phoned about, as well as use of the service by country parents. The results highlighted that the service is primarily used by parents of children under 12 months of age and the main reasons for phoning were for information and advice regarding feeding, sleeping and illness. Results also showed a higher usage of Telephone Advice by parents living in higher socio-economic areas and a corresponding lower use in lower socio-economic areas. It was evident that parents preferred to use the telephone service because of ease of access and not having to make an appointment. Some parents used the service as their only source of child health information.

scholarly journals Primary health care in municipalities at high risk for malaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1281-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Soares Ferreira ◽  
Martha Cecilia Suárez-Mutis ◽  
Monica Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Community Orientation ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Per Se

This study aims to characterize aspects of Primary Health Care in the Amazon Region of Brazil, considered as the main endemic area for malaria in the country. The Ministry of Health recommends the expansion of Primary Health Care in endemic areas for malaria. A survey focusing on patients infected with malaria was conducted in 6 municipalities, in January and February 2007, to investigate specific aspects of Primary Health Care. Data was analyzed quantitatively and field records helped to give support to context and policy issues in the visited sites. Quality of access to health services and medicines, continuity of health care, system coordination and community orientation are still incipient in the visited areas. The study showed that there is little integration between Primary Health Care and malaria control in the region, which calls for development of joint strategies and for the strengthening of Primary Health Care per se, as a benefit to the population of this endemic area.

scholarly journals Primary health care for all: lessons from its failure to achieve its goal and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Erlangga Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Organization

<p align="left">According to the World Health Organization (WHO), primary health care (PHC) can be defined as a whole-of-society approach to health and well-being, centered on the needs and preferences of individuals, families and communities. In the last five years, several major events occurred that emphasize the importance of and the need for PHC. First, the publication of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. One of the SDGs is to achieve universal health care (UHC). UHC means that all people can get access to health service without it resulting in financial hardship, and  the WHO believes that PHC is fundamental to achieving UHC.<sup><span> </span></sup>Second, a new international declaration on PHC has been released in Astana, Kazakhstan, in 2018.<span style="font-size: 8.33333px;"> </span>This is a new declaration and global commitment on PHC, four decennia after the first declaration on PHC in Alma-Ata, in the former Soviet Union</p>

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