scholarly journals Functional decoupling of emotion coping network subserves automatic emotion regulation by implementation intention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengdong Chen ◽  
Nanxiang Ding ◽  
Bharat Biswal ◽  
Zhihao Li ◽  
Shaozheng Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Implementation Intention ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Emotion Coping ◽  
Automatic Emotion Regulation

AbstractAutomatic emotion regulation (AER) aims at modifying emotional impact effortlessly. However, the effortless account and the neural mechanisms of AER are both undetermined. For this purpose, we collected functional neuroimages (fMRI) in thirty-one participants who attended to neutral and disgust pictures in three conditions: Watching, Goal Intention (GI) and Reappraisal by Implementation Intention (RII). RII decreased negative feelings and bilateral amygdala activity without eliciting cognitive efforts, evidenced by the reduced effort rating and less prefrontal engagement during RII compared to Watching and GI. These regulation effects should not be explained by emotional habituation, as Experiment 2 (n=40) observed no habituation to stimulus repetitions. Task-based network analysis showed similar functional connectivity (FC) of ventral anterior cingulate cortex to left insula and right precuneus during RII and GI conditions, both involving goal setup. Furthermore, RII relative to GI exhibited weaker FC in brain networks subserving effortful control (e.g. inferior-superior parietal FC), memory retrieval (e.g. inferior-middle temporal and lingual-putamen FCs), aversive anticipation and motor planning (e.g. Paracentral-superior temporal gyrus, putamen-operculum FCs). The FC strength of putamen to operculum/lingual, and paracentral to STG positively predicts regulatory difficulty. These results suggest that the setup of implementation intention automatizes emotion regulation, by reducing online mobilization of neural systems underlying the stream of emotion coping.

scholarly journals Functional Decoupling of Emotion Coping Network Subsides Automatic Emotion Regulation by Implementation Intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shengdong Chen ◽  
Nanxiang Ding ◽  
Fushun Wang ◽  
Zhihao Li ◽  
Shaozheng Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Implementation Intention ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Emotion Coping ◽  
Automatic Emotion Regulation

Automatic emotion regulation (AER) plays a vital role in the neuropathology underlying both suicide and self-harm via modifying emotional impact effortlessly. However, both the effortless account and the neural mechanisms of AER are undetermined. To investigate the neural changes at AER, we collected functional MRI (fMRI) in 31 participants who attended to neutral and disgust pictures in three conditions: watching, goal intention (GI), and reappraisal by implementation intention (RII). Results showed that RII (but not GI) decreased negative feelings and bilateral amygdala activity without increasing cognitive efforts, evidenced by the reduced effort rating and less prefrontal engagement during RII compared with during watching and GI. These emotion-regulatory effects of RII cannot be explained by emotional habituation, as the supplementary experiment ( N = 31 ) showed no emotional habituation effects when the same disgust pictures were presented repeatedly three times for each watching and GI condition. Task-based network analysis showed both RII and GI relative to watching increased functional connectivities (FCs) of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex to the left insula and right precuneus during conditions, two FCs subserving goal setup. However, RII relative to GI exhibited weaker FCs in brain networks subserving effortful control, memory retrieval, aversive anticipation, and motor planning. In these FCs, the FC intensity of putamen-operculum/lingual and paracentral-superior temporal gyri positively predicted regulatory difficulty ratings. These findings suggest that the setup of implementation intention automatizes emotion regulation by reducing the online mobilization of emotion-coping neural systems.

The Neural Mechanism of Automatic Emotion Regulation and Its Plasticity

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Jing ZHANG ◽  
Renlai ZHOU ◽  
Yongna LI ◽  
Qingwang WEI ◽  
Ping HU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Automatic Emotion Regulation

scholarly journals Brain capillary structures of schizophrenia cases and controls show a correlation with their neuron structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rino Saiga ◽  
Masayuki Uesugi ◽  
Akihisa Takeuchi ◽  
Kentaro Uesugi ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Constant Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate ◽  
Micrometer Scale

AbstractBrain blood vessels constitute a micrometer-scale vascular network responsible for supply of oxygen and nutrition. In this study, we analyzed cerebral tissues of the anterior cingulate cortex and superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia cases and age/gender-matched controls by using synchrotron radiation microtomography or micro-CT in order to examine the three-dimensional structure of cerebral vessels. Over 1 m of cerebral blood vessels was traced to build Cartesian-coordinate models, which were then used for calculating structural parameters including the diameter and curvature of the vessels. The distribution of vessel outer diameters showed a peak at 7–9 μm, corresponding to the diameter of the capillaries. Mean curvatures of the capillary vessels showed a significant correlation to the mean curvatures of neurites, while the mean capillary diameter was almost constant, independent of the cases. Our previous studies indicated that the neurites of schizophrenia cases are thin and tortuous compared to controls. The curved capillaries with a constant diameter should occupy a nearly constant volume, while neurons suffering from neurite thinning should have reduced volumes, resulting in a volumetric imbalance between the neurons and the vessels. We suggest that the observed structural correlation between neurons and blood vessels is related to neurovascular abnormalities in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals M146. NEUROCHEMICAL MODULATION OF AUDITORY CORTEX FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH AUDITORY VERBAL HALLUCINATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S191-S191
Author(s):  
Sarah Weber ◽  
Helene Hjelmervik ◽  
Alexander R Craven ◽  
Erik Johnsen ◽  
Rune Kroken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Neurochemical Correlates

Abstract Background Auditory hallucinations have been linked to aberrant functioning of the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and are associated with impaired cognitive control regulated by areas in the prefrontal cortex. However, the mechanisms behind these dysfunctions are still unclear. Methods The current study combined resting state connectivity fMRI with MR spectroscopy (MRS) in a sample of 81 psychosis patients to explore how neurochemical correlates of auditory hallucinations modulate left STG functioning. The analyses were focused on glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), two neurotransmitters with excitatory and inhibitory functions, respectively, since these have previously been implicated in psychosis. Results Glu and GABA showed differential relationships with left STG connectivity in patients with and without hallucinations. Specifically, Glu concentration in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was positively related to functional connectivity between the left and right temporal lobe in hallucinating patients only. In contrast, GABA concentration in the ACC was negatively related to connectivity between the left and right temporal lobe in non-hallucinating patients only. Discussion These findings support a recently proposed model of interhemispheric temporal lobe miscommunication in auditory hallucinations and indicate prefrontal neurochemical modulation as a potential underlying mechanism. The results can further be integrated with previously suggested excitatory/inhibitory imbalances as neurochemical modulators in AVH.

scholarly journals Sensory perception in autism: an fMRI ALE meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Jassim ◽  
Simon Baron-Cohen ◽  
John Suckling
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lateral Occipital Cortex

Sensory sensitivities occur in up to 90% of autistic individuals. With the recent inclusion of sensory symptoms in the diagnostic criteria for autism, there is a current need to develop neural hypotheses related to autistic sensory perception. Using activation likelihood estimation (ALE), we meta-analysed 52 task-based fMRI studies investigating differences between autistic (n=891) and control (n=967) participants during non-social sensory perception. During complex perception, autistic groups showed more activity in the secondary somatosensory and occipital cortices, insula, caudate, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule, while control groups showed more activity in the frontal and parietal regions. During basic sensory processing, autistic groups showed hyperactivity in the lateral occipital cortex, primary somatosensory and motor cortices, insula, caudate, and thalamus, while controls showed heightened activity in the precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, precuneus, and anterior cingulate cortex. We conclude that autistic individuals, on average, show distinct engagement of sensory-related brain networks during sensory perception. These findings may help guide future research to focus on relevant neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the autistic experience.

scholarly journals Modulatory effects of dynamic fMRI-based neurofeedback on emotion regulation networks in adolescent females

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina Zich ◽  
Nicola Johnstone ◽  
Michael Lührs ◽  
Stephen Lisk ◽  
Simone P W Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thought Control Ability

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that difficulties with emotion regulation abilities in childhood and adolescence increase the risk for developing symptoms of mental disorders, e.g anxiety. We investigated whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based neurofeedback (NF) can modulate brain networks supporting emotion regulation abilities in adolescent females.We performed three studies (total N=63). We first compared different NF implementations regarding their effectiveness of modulating prefrontal cortex (PFC)-amygdala functional connectivity (fc). Further we assessed the effects of fc-NF on neural measures, emotional/metacognitive measures and their associations. Finally, we probed the mechanism underlying fc-NF by examining concentrations of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters.Results showed that NF implementations differentially modulate PFC-amygdala fc. Using the most effective NF implementation we observed important relationships between neural and emotional/metacognitive measures, such as practice-related change in fc was related with change in thought control ability. Further, we found that the relationship between state anxiety prior to the MRI session and the effect of fc-NF was moderated by GABA concentrations in the PFC and anterior cingulate cortex.To conclude, we were able to show that fc-NF can be used in adolescent females to shape neural and emotional/metacognitive measures underlying emotion regulation. We further show that neurotransmitter concentrations moderate fc-NF-effects.

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