scholarly journals The power of language: functional brain network topology of deaf and hearing in relation to sign language experience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel R.T. Sinke ◽  
Jan W. Buitenhuis ◽  
Frank van der Maas ◽  
Job Nwiboko ◽  
Rick M. Dijkhuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Eyes Open

AbstractProlonged auditory sensory deprivation leads to brain reorganization, indicated by functional enhancement in remaining sensory systems, a phenomenon known as cross-modal plasticity. In this study we investigated differences in functional brain network shifts from eyes-closed to eyes-open conditions between deaf and hearing people. Electroencephalography activity was recorded in deaf (N = 71) and hearing people (N = 122) living in rural Africa, which yielded a unique data-set of congenital, pre-lingual and post-lingual deaf people, with a divergent experience in American Sign Language. Functional networks were determined from the synchronization of electroencephalography signals between fourteen electrodes distributed over the scalp. We studied the synchronization between the auditory and visual cortex and performed whole-brain minimum spanning tree analysis based on the phase lag index of functional connectivity. This tree analysis accounts for variations in global network density and allows unbiased characterization of functional network backbones. We found increased functional connectivity between the auditory and visual cortex in deaf people during the eyes-closed condition in both the alpha and beta bands. Furthermore, we found functional network backbone shifts both in deaf and healthy people as they went from eyes-closed to eyes-open conditions. In both the alpha and beta band the deafs’ brain showed larger functional backbone-shifts in node strength compared to controls. In the alpha band this shift in network strength differed among deaf participants and depended on type of deafness: congenital, pre-lingual or post-lingual deafness. In addition, a correlation was found between functional backbone characteristics and experience of sign language. Our study revealed more insights in functional network reorganization specifically due to prolonged lack of auditory input, but might also be helpful for sensory deprivation and cross-modal plasticity in general. Global cortical network reorganization in deaf people supports the plastic capacities of the young brain. The differences between type of deafness stresses that etiology affects functional reorganization, whereas the association between network organization and acquired sign language experience reflects ongoing brain adaptation in people with hearing disabilities.

scholarly journals The power of language: Functional brain network topology of deaf and hearing in relation to sign language experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 373 ◽  
pp. 32-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel R.T. Sinke ◽  
Jan W. Buitenhuis ◽  
Frank van der Maas ◽  
Job Nwiboko ◽  
Rick M. Dijkhuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Power Of Language

scholarly journals A whole-brain and cross-diagnostic perspective on functional brain network dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Spronk ◽  
Kaustubh Kulkarni ◽  
Jie Lisa Ji ◽  
Brian P. Keane ◽  
Alan Anticevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Graph Distance ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Mental Diseases

AbstractA wide variety of mental disorders have been associated with resting-state functional network alterations, which are thought to contribute to the cognitive changes underlying mental illness. These observations have seemed to support various theories postulating large-scale disruptions of brain systems in mental illness. However, existing approaches isolate differences in network organization without putting those differences in broad, whole-brain perspective. Using a graph distance measure – connectome-wide correlation – we found that whole-brain resting-state functional network organization in humans is highly similar across a variety of mental diseases and healthy controls. This similarity was observed across autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Nonetheless, subtle differences in network graph distance were predictive of diagnosis, suggesting that while functional connectomes differ little across health and disease those differences are informative. Such small network alterations may reflect the fact that most psychiatric patients maintain overall cognitive abilities similar to those of healthy individuals (relative to, e.g., the most severe schizophrenia cases), such that whole-brain functional network organization is expected to differ only subtly even for mental diseases with devastating effects on everyday life. These results suggest a need to reevaluate neurocognitive theories of mental illness, with a role for subtle functional brain network changes in the production of an array of mental diseases.

scholarly journals The etiological classification of the epilepsies: A brain network underpinning?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geertruida Slinger ◽  
Willem M. Otte ◽  
Lotte Noorlag ◽  
Floor E. Jansen ◽  
Kees P.J. Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Interictal Eeg ◽  
Epilepsy Classification ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

AbstractObjectivethe current epilepsy classification is primarily clinical driven and lacks a mechanistic basis. A mechanistic basis of the classification, and within the classification especially the etiology layer, may help to better understand epilepsy and the associated comorbidities. It may also be helpful in guiding epilepsy treatment. With this study we aimed to investigate if there is a modelled mechanistic underpinning for the etiological epilepsy classification by assessing the association between epilepsy etiology and brain network topology.Methodsto that aim we assessed the association between epilepsy etiology and brain network topology. We included children referred to our outpatient first seizure clinic with suspected epilepsy who had a standard interictal EEG recording. From these EEGs, functional networks were constructed based on eyes-closed resting state time-series. Networks were characterized using measures of segregation, integration, centrality, and network strength. Principal component analyses were used to assess whether patients with epilepsy of similar etiology cluster together based on their functional brain network topology.Resultsin total, 228 children with epilepsy were included. Another 402 children served as control subjects. We were not able to detect a correlation between epilepsy etiology and functional brain network topology. We also did not find a difference in brain network topology between the controls and patients with epilepsy.Conclusionsour results do not support the presence of a brain network underpinning for the etiological epilepsy classification. This may support the hypothesis that brain network abnormalities in epilepsy are a result of ongoing seizure activity rather than the epilepsy etiology itself. Further in-depth analyses of network measures and longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Brain network connectivity differs in early-onset neurodegenerative dementia

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (17) ◽  
pp. 1764-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Filippi ◽  
Silvia Basaia ◽  
Elisa Canu ◽  
Francesca Imperiale ◽  
Alessandro Meani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Network

Objective:To investigate functional brain network architecture in early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).Methods:Thirty-eight patients with bvFTD, 37 patients with EOAD, and 32 age-matched healthy controls underwent 3D T1-weighted and resting-state fMRI. Graph analysis and connectomics assessed global and local functional topologic network properties, regional functional connectivity, and intrahemispheric and interhemispheric between-lobe connectivity.Results:Despite similarly extensive cognitive impairment relative to controls, patients with EOAD showed severe global functional network alterations (lower mean nodal strength, local efficiency, clustering coefficient, and longer path length), while patients with bvFTD showed relatively preserved global functional brain architecture. Patients with bvFTD demonstrated reduced nodal strength in the frontoinsular lobe and a relatively focal altered functional connectivity of frontoinsular and temporal regions. Functional connectivity breakdown in the posterior brain nodes, particularly in the parietal lobe, differentiated patients with EOAD from those with bvFTD. While EOAD was associated with widespread loss of both intrahemispheric and interhemispheric functional correlations, bvFTD showed a preferential disruption of the intrahemispheric connectivity.Conclusions:Disease-specific patterns of functional network topology and connectivity alterations were observed in patients with EOAD and bvFTD. Graph analysis and connectomics may aid clinical diagnosis and help elucidate pathophysiologic differences between neurodegenerative dementias.

Preserved high-centrality hubs but efficient network reorganization during eyes-open state compared with eyes-closed resting state: an MEG study

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 1455-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hyun Jin ◽  
Woorim Jeong ◽  
Dong-Soo Lee ◽  
Beom Seok Jeon ◽  
Chun Kee Chung
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Betweenness Centrality ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Brain Functional Network ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
High Betweenness ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Brain

A question to be addressed in the present study is how different the eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) resting states are across frequency bands in terms of efficiency and centrality of the brain functional network. We investigated both the global and nodal efficiency and betweenness centrality in the EC and EO resting states from 39 volunteers. Mutual information was used to obtain the functional connectivity for each of the four frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). We showed that the cortical hubs with high betweenness centrality were maintained in the EC and EO resting states. We further showed that these hubs were associated with more than three frequency bands, suggesting that these hubs play an important role in the brain functional network at multiple temporal scales in the resting states. Enhanced global efficiency values were found in the theta and alpha bands in the EO state compared with those in the EC state. Moreover, it turned out that in the EO state the functional network was reorganized to enhance nodal efficiency at the nodes related to both the default mode and the dorsal attention networks and sensory-related resting-state networks. This result suggests that in the EO state the brain functional network was efficiently reorganized, facilitating the adaptation of the brain network to the change in state, which could help in understanding brain disorders that have a disturbance in communication with external environments by using the adaptation ability of brain functional networks.

scholarly journals Abnormal Functional Network Topology and Its Dynamics during Sustained Attention Processing Significantly Implicate Post-TBI Attention Deficits in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Meng Cao ◽  
Jeffery M. Halperin ◽  
Xiaobo Li
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Network

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent in children. Attention deficits are among the most common and persistent post-TBI cognitive and behavioral sequalae that can contribute to adverse outcomes. This study investigated the topological properties of the functional brain network for sustained attention processing and their dynamics in 42 children with severe post-TBI attention deficits (TBI-A) and 47 matched healthy controls. Functional MRI data during a block-designed sustained attention task was collected for each subject, with each full task block further divided into the pre-, early, late-, and post-stimulation stages. The task-related functional brain network was constructed using the graph theoretic technique. Then, the sliding-window-based method was utilized to assess the dynamics of the topological properties in each stimulation stage. Relative to the controls, the TBI-A group had significantly reduced nodal efficiency and/or degree of left postcentral, inferior parietal, inferior temporal, and fusiform gyri and their decreased stability during the early and late-stimulation stages. The left postcentral inferior parietal network anomalies were found to be significantly associated with elevated inattentive symptoms in children with TBI-A. These results suggest that abnormal functional network characteristics and their dynamics associated with the left parietal lobe may significantly link to the onset of the severe post-TBI attention deficits in children.

scholarly journals A set of functionally-defined brain regions with improved representation of the subcortex and cerebellum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Seitzman ◽  
Caterina Gratton ◽  
Scott Marek ◽  
Ryan V. Raut ◽  
Nico U.F. Dosenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain Organization

AbstractAn important aspect of network-based analysis is robust node definition. This issue is critical for functional brain network analyses, as poor node choice can lead to spurious findings and misleading inferences about functional brain organization. Two sets of functional brain nodes from our group are well represented in the literature: (1) 264 volumetric regions of interest (ROIs) reported in Power et al., 2011 and (2) 333 cortical surface parcels reported in Gordon et al., 2016. However, subcortical and cerebellar structures are either incompletely captured or missing from these ROI sets. Therefore, properties of functional network organization involving the subcortex and cerebellum may be underappreciated thus far. Here, we apply a winner-take-all partitioning method to resting-state fMRI data to generate novel functionally-constrained ROIs in the thalamus, basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We validate these ROIs in three datasets using several criteria, including agreement with existing literature and anatomical atlases. Further, we demonstrate that combining these ROIs with established cortical ROIs recapitulates and extends previously described functional network organization. This new set of ROIs is made publicly available for general use, including a full list of MNI coordinates and functional network labels.

scholarly journals Abnormal Functional Network Topology and its Dynamics during Sustained Attention Processing Significantly Implicate Post-TBI Attention Deficits in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Cao ◽  
Jeffrey M. Halperin ◽  
Xiaobo Li
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Network

ABSTRACTTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent in children. Attention deficits are among the most common and persistent post-TBI cognitive and behavioral sequalae that can contribute to adverse outcomes. This study investigated the topological properties of the functional brain network for sustained attention processing and their dynamics in 42 children with severe post-TBI attention deficits (TBI-A) and 47 matched healthy controls. Functional MRI (fMRI) data during a block-designed sustained attention task was collected for each subject, with each full task block further divided into the pre-, early-, late-, and post-stimulation stages. The task-related functional brain network was constructed using the graph theoretic technique. Then the sliding-window-based method was utilized to assess the dynamics of the topological properties in each stimulation stage. The results showed that relative to the matched controls, children with TBI-A had significantly reduced nodal efficiency and/or degree of left postcentral, inferior parietal, inferior temporal, and fusiform gyri and their decreased stability during the early- and late-stimulation stages. The left postcentral inferior parietal network anomalies were found to be significantly associated with elevated inattentive symptoms in children with TBI-A. These results suggest that abnormal functional network characteristics and their dynamics associated with left parietal lobe may significantly link to the onset of the severe post-TBI attention deficits in children.

Second language experience modulates functional brain network for the native language production in bimodal bilinguals

NeuroImage ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1367-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Zou ◽  
Jubin Abutalebi ◽  
Benjamin Zinszer ◽  
Xin Yan ◽  
Hua Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Network
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