scholarly journals A systems biology approach to explore the impact of maple tree dormancy release on sap variation and maple syrup quality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume N’guyen ◽  
Nathalie Martin ◽  
Mani Jain ◽  
Luc Lagacé ◽  
Christian R Landry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Maple Syrup ◽  
Production Period ◽  
Maple Sap ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMaple sap is a complex nutrient matrix collected during Spring to produce maple syrup. The characteristics of sap change over the production period and its composition directly impacts syrup quality. This variability could in part be attributed to changes in tree metabolism following dormancy release, but little is known about these changes in deciduous trees. Therefore, understanding the variation in sap composition associated with dormancy release could help pinpoint the causes of some defects in maple syrup. In particular, a defect known as “buddy”, is an increasing concern for the industry. This off-flavor appears around the time of bud burst, hence its name. To investigate sap variation related to bud burst and the buddy defect, we monitored sap variation with respect to a dormancy release index (Sbb) and syrup quality. First, we looked at variation in amino acid content during this period. We observed a shift in amino acid relative proportions associated with dormancy release and found that most of them increase rapidly near the point of bud burst, correlating with changes in syrup quality. Second, we identified biological processes that respond to variation in maple sap by performing a competition assay using the barcodedSaccharomyces cerevisiaeprototroph deletion collection. This untargeted approach revealed that the organic sulfur content may be responsible for the development of the buddy off-flavor, and that dormancy release is necessary for the appearance of the defect, but other factors such as microbial activity may also be contributing.

scholarly journals Effects of organic compounds on the macroalgae culture of Aegagropila linnaei

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Messyasz ◽  
Boguslawa Leska ◽  
Joanna Fabrowska ◽  
Marta Pikosz ◽  
Adam Cieslak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effects of the impact of four organic compounds (ascorbic acid, biotin, glucose and sucrose) on ash, protein, fiber, fat and amino acid contents in the freshwater Aegagropila linnaei biomass were examined in 7 and 14 days of cultivations in high concentrations of tested compounds (100 mg L-1). The presence of examined organic compounds had a negligible effect on the development of algae and their biomass composition. There were no significant differences in the amino acids composition in the biomass in the presence of organic compounds compared to the test system. However, the increase in ash content was observed irrespective of the cultivation time in the case of all used organic compounds. Only slight differences in crude fat concentration were observed in the case of 7 days cultivation with ascorbic acid, biotin and sucrose, while the highest increase of ash content was observed after 14 days of supplementation with glucose. None of the compounds affected changes in amino acid content in the Aegagropila linnaei biomass. The results suggest that an environment enriched with the test organic compounds had only minimal, or at most short-term, effects on the algal biomass composition.

scholarly journals 100 Sequential feeding with diets that differ in amino acid content can significantly increase performance of growing and finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Alini Veira ◽  
Luan S Santos ◽  
Alicia Fraga ◽  
Paulo Campos ◽  
Raphael Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent studies have shown that feed intake, nutrient metabolism and utilization may vary during the 24-h circadian period. In this regard, this study aimed at evaluating the impact on performance from the switching of conventional to sequential feeding programs with diets that differ in amino acid content over the day for growing–finishing pigs. Sixty-eight 25-kg (±2.04) BW barrows were assigned to 4 feeding programs (17 animals per treatment): 1) conventional feeding (CONV), in which pigs received 100% of standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA recommendations for the entire day; 2) sequential feeding (SEQ80-120), providing 80% SID AA recommendations from 2400 to 1159 h and 120% from 1200 to 2359 h; 3) sequential feeding (SEQ70-130) providing 70% SID AA recommendations from 2400 to 1159 h and 130% from 1200 to 2359 h; and 4) sequential feeding (SEQ60-140) providing 60% SID AA recommendations from 2400 to 1159 h and 140% from 1200 to 2359 h. The experimental period lasted 82 d and was subdivided in 3 phases: phase 1 (0 to 28 d), phase 2 (29 to 54 d) and phase 3 (55 to 82 d). The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). SEQ80-120 and SEQ60-140 did not improve performance compared to CONV (P > 0.05). However, ADFI, ADG and BW was higher for SEQ70-130 than CONV during phase 1 (1.49 vs 1.3 kg/d; 0.74 vs 0.65 kg/d; 46.55 vs 43.40 kg, respectively; P < 0.05). During phase 2, BW tended to be higher for SEQ70-130 than CONV (69.20 vs 63.60 kg; P = 0.08). In the entire experimental period, ADFI tended to be higher for SEQ70-130 than CONV (2.08 vs 1.89 kg/d; P = 0.10). According to our results, sequential feeding program improves performance of growing–finishing at the beginning of the period.

scholarly journals Genomic prediction informed by biological processes expands our understanding of the genetic architecture underlying free amino acid traits in dry Arabidopsis seeds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Turner-Hissong ◽  
Kevin A. Bird ◽  
Alexander E. Lipka ◽  
Elizabeth G. King ◽  
Timothy M. Beissinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Branched Chain

ABSTRACTPlant growth, development, and nutritional quality depends upon amino acid homeostasis, especially in seeds. However, our understanding of the underlying genetics influencing amino acid content and composition remains limited, with only a few candidate genes and quantitative trait loci identified to date. Improved knowledge of the genetics and biological processes that determine amino acid levels will enable researchers to use this information for plant breeding and biological discovery. Towards this goal, we used genomic prediction to identify biological processes that are associated with, and therefore potentially influence, free amino acid (FAA) composition in seeds of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Markers were split into categories based on metabolic pathway annotations and fit using a genomic partitioning model to evaluate the influence of each pathway on heritability explained, model fit, and predictive ability. Selected pathways included processes known to influence FAA composition, albeit to an unknown degree, and spanned four categories: amino acid, core, specialized, and protein metabolism. Using this approach, we identified associations for pathways containing known variants for FAA traits, in addition to finding new trait-pathway associations. Markers related to amino acid metabolism, which are directly involved in the FAA regulation, improved predictive ability for branched chain amino acids and histidine. The use of genomic partitioning also revealed patterns across biochemical families, in which serine-derived FAAs were associated with protein related annotations and aromatic FAAs were associated with specialized metabolic pathways. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that genomic partitioning is a viable strategy to uncover the relative contributions of biological processes to FAA traits in seeds, offering a promising framework to guide hypothesis testing and narrow the search space for candidate genes.

scholarly journals Genomic Prediction Informed by Biological Processes Expands Our Understanding of the Genetic Architecture Underlying Free Amino Acid Traits in Dry Arabidopsis Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4227-4239
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Turner-Hissong ◽  
Kevin A. Bird ◽  
Alexander E. Lipka ◽  
Elizabeth G. King ◽  
Timothy M. Beissinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Branched Chain

Plant growth, development, and nutritional quality depends upon amino acid homeostasis, especially in seeds. However, our understanding of the underlying genetics influencing amino acid content and composition remains limited, with only a few candidate genes and quantitative trait loci identified to date. Improved knowledge of the genetics and biological processes that determine amino acid levels will enable researchers to use this information for plant breeding and biological discovery. Toward this goal, we used genomic prediction to identify biological processes that are associated with, and therefore potentially influence, free amino acid (FAA) composition in seeds of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Markers were split into categories based on metabolic pathway annotations and fit using a genomic partitioning model to evaluate the influence of each pathway on heritability explained, model fit, and predictive ability. Selected pathways included processes known to influence FAA composition, albeit to an unknown degree, and spanned four categories: amino acid, core, specialized, and protein metabolism. Using this approach, we identified associations for pathways containing known variants for FAA traits, in addition to finding new trait-pathway associations. Markers related to amino acid metabolism, which are directly involved in FAA regulation, improved predictive ability for branched chain amino acids and histidine. The use of genomic partitioning also revealed patterns across biochemical families, in which serine-derived FAAs were associated with protein related annotations and aromatic FAAs were associated with specialized metabolic pathways. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that genomic partitioning is a viable strategy to uncover the relative contributions of biological processes to FAA traits in seeds, offering a promising framework to guide hypothesis testing and narrow the search space for candidate genes.

The main amino acids in xylem sap of Vitis vinifera L. var. Cabernet Franc during the vegetative cycle. Search for an amino acid marker

OENO One ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Corine Larchevêque ◽  
A. Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content

<p style="text-align: justify;">Numerous studies have been carried out on the vine, must and wine, but few on sap. Main phenological stages i.e. bud burst, the flowering period, veraison and the ripening period have been well described. However, at the present time, no study is available identifying the main amino acids of the xylem sap, at the formentioned periods. Located within the « Graves de Pessac-Léognan » vineyard, the plot area studied has a clayey-chalky soil with a small amount of sand present. The cultivar Cabernet franc was grafted on the Fercal rootstock. Planted in June 1982, the vine was trained with Guyot pruning and no tillage. The density of the plantation was 5.550 vines per ha. Four rows of 21 vines were sampled.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Analysis of xylem sap, by H.P.L.C., at the four stages, taken from several vintages, showed that the global content of amino acids varied year to year (LARCHEVÊQUE, 1998). The experiment reported on herein was carried out in order to determine both the main amino acids in the xylem sap and to identify a marker amongst them, having the same evolution as that of the global amino acid content from one phenological stage to the next. A pool of eight amino acids, all present in large quantities (about 80 p. cent of total amino acid content), was always noted : asparagine/glutamine, tyrosine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine and proline. Concentration levels of these components differed in sap, depending on the vintage, at the same phenological stage. At bud burst, as at the flowering period, the sap had a similar qualitative composition.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">It was noteworthy that aspartic acid evidenced the same evolution that of the total amino acid content (i.e. the same variation in percentage) from one phenological stage to the next. Aspartic acid should therefore be regarded as a « marker » of total amino acid content evolution during the vegetative cycle.</p>

scholarly journals A systems biology approach to explore the impact of maple tree dormancy release on sap variation and maple syrup quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Quang N’guyen ◽  
Nathalie Martin ◽  
Mani Jain ◽  
Luc Lagacé ◽  
Christian R. Landry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Maple Syrup ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Growth hormone transgenesis and feed composition influence growth and protein and amino acid content in transgenic G3 mutiara catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibnu Dwi Buwono ◽  
Iskandar Iskandar ◽  
Roffi Grandiosa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Transgenic Fish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
The Impact

AbstractClarias gariepinus growth hormone (CgGH) transgenesis was previously used to develop a population of second-generation (G2) transgenic mutiara catfish (C. gariepinus). The third generation of these fish (1-month old fingerlings) had 2–3 times improvement in growth compared to non-transgenic fish in the commercial feed test for 6 weeks of rearing. We assessed the impact of CgGH transgene expression on growth and protein and amino acid content of the G3 generation of these transgenic mutiara catfish relative to non-transgenic catfish. Since variation in composition of feed mixes can affect protein and amino acid content of fish, we tested three mixtures of commercial feed and boiled tuna (Euthynnus affinis): feed A (50:50 feed to tuna), B (65:35), and C (80:20) to transgenic catfish. Feed A* (50:50) was fed as a control to non-transgenic catfish. Feed efficiency, including feed conversion ratio and protein use efficiency (i.e., protein retention and protein productive value), was assessed. Feed efficiency, protein content, and essential amino acid content in G3 transgenic catfish (feed A and B) were higher than in non-transgenic fish (feed A*). The latter were deficient in lysine and methionine. Transgenic catfish fed with feed C (80:20) showed lysine deficiency and lower growth than fish fed feeds A and B. Feed B (65:35) was the optimal feed mixture utilized; it increased growth, protein levels, and feed conversion efficiency in G3 catfish. The growth of transgenic fish was higher than non-transgenic fish when supported by feeding with balanced nutrients.

scholarly journals The impact of host plant on the abundance and function of symbiotic bacteria in an aphid

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (17) ◽  
pp. 3027-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Wilkinson ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
L. B. Minto ◽  
A. E. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARY The black-bean aphid Aphis fabae bears populations of coccoid symbiotic bacteria Buchnera spp. at 2.0–3.2×107cellsmg−1aphidmass and rod-shaped secondary symbionts of uncertain taxonomic affiliation at 0.1–0.6×107cellsmg−1aphidmass. Buchnera provides essential amino acids, supplementing the poor supply in the aphid diet of plant phloem sap. Comparison of the performance of A. fabae containing and experimentally deprived of their bacteria showed that the bacteria caused increased larval mass of aphids reared on Chenopodium album and Papaver dubium plants, but not when reared on Lamium purpureum. In the aphids reared on L. purpureum, the density of the bacteria, especially the secondary symbionts, was significantly elevated, and bacterial-mediated production of the essential amino acid threonine was reduced, even though the essential amino acid content of phloem exudates from L. purpureum had a low threonine content. It is proposed that the shortfall in threonine, possibly compounded by the high density of secondary symbionts, may contribute to the poor performance of the aphids on L. purpureum. This study offers the first evidence to suggest plant-mediated interference with the nutritional function of symbiotic bacteria in any phytophagous insect.

Study on the Influence of Soil and Fertilization on Amino Acid Content in Oil Linen

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgeta Pop ◽  
Ersilia Alexa ◽  
Tiberiu Iancu ◽  
Florin Imbrea ◽  
Adrian Laza
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
The Impact

Research results on oil linen (Linum usitatissimum L.) point out the importance of this crop not only as an oil plant but also as a plant with multiple opportunities of diversification. The experiment was set at the Didactic and Research Station within the Banat�s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine King Michael I of Romania from Timisoara. The goal of this paper is to analyse the impact of soil and fertilization on amino acid content level and structure in oil flax vegetal protein. Cultivar plays a determining role on the content of amino acids in oil flax vegetal protein: the sum of amino acids ranges between 16.21 and 22.44 g/100 g of grits. Fertilization changes the amount of amino acids: the sum of amino acids ranges between 17.08 and 23.32 g/100 g of grits. Fertilization also determines changes of the level and structure of amino acids in oil flax protein.

scholarly journals A honey bee symbiont buffers larvae against nutritional stress through lysine supplementation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey J Parish ◽  
Danny W Rice ◽  
Vicki M Tanquary ◽  
Jason M Tennessen ◽  
Irene LG Newton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Gene Gain ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae

Honey bees, the worlds most significant agricultural pollinator, have suffered dramatic losses in the last few decades. These losses are largely due to the synergistic effects of multiple stressors, the most pervasive of which is limited nutrition. The effects of poor nutrition are most damaging in the developing larvae of honey bees, who mature into workers unable to meet the needs of their colony. It is therefore essential that we better understand the nutritional landscape experienced by honey bee larvae. In this study, we characterize the metabolic capabilities of a honey bee larvae-associated bacterium, Bombella apis (formerly Parasaccharibacter apium), and its effects on the nutritional resilience of larvae. We found that B. apis is the only bacterium associated with larvae that can withstand the antimicrobial larval diet. Further, we found that B. apis can synthesize all essential amino acids and significantly alters the amino acid content of synthetic larval diet, largely by increasing the essential amino acid lysine. Analyses of gene gain/loss across the phylogeny suggest that two distinct cationic amino acid transporters were gained by B. apis ancestors, and the transporter LysE is conserved across all sequenced strains of B. apis. This result suggests that amino acid export is a key feature conserved within the Bombella clade. Finally, we tested the impact of B. apis on developing honey bee larvae subjected to nutritional stress and found that larvae supplemented with B. apis are bolstered against mass reduction despite limited nutrition. Together, these data suggest an important role of B. apis as a nutritional mutualist of honey bee larvae.

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