scholarly journals The effectiveness of clove oil and cautery disbudding methods on preventing horn growth in dairy goat kids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa N Hempstead ◽  
Joseph R. Waas ◽  
Mairi Stewart ◽  
Vanessa M. Cave ◽  
Amanda R. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Horn Growth ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Final Observation ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Oil Injection ◽  
Administration Methods

AbstractThe effectiveness of clove oil and cautery disbudding on horn growth was evaluated in goat kids. The study used 243 Saanen doe kids (4±1.0 days old; mean ± SD) on two commercial dairy goat farms, and were disbudded with either (i) clove oil injection (CLOVE), (ii) a cautery iron and bud removed (BUDOFF), or (iii) a cautery iron with bud left intact (BUDON). Each kid received a different treatment per bud, which were balanced between buds (left and right) and randomly allocated. A trained observer monitored bud growth following treatment for 3 months recording either: N: no growth, H: normal horn, S: abnormal horn (scur), or SC: soft, fibrous lump (scorn). After the final observation, buds were assessed for the probability of detecting (i) success (no growth), (ii) scurs, (iii) horns or (iv) scorns [with 95% CI]. The probability of success for BUDOFF (0.77 [0.63, 0.87]) was higher than for BUDON (0.20 [0.11, 0.34]) and CLOVE (0.09 [0.04, 0.18]; P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the probability of success for BUDON was higher than for CLOVE (P ≤ 0.05). The probability of scurs was higher for CLOVE (0.72 [0.63, 0.80]) than BUDOFF (0.25 [0.17, 0.34]) and BUDON (0.30 [0.21, 0.39]; P ≤ 0.05). There was no difference in the probability of scurs for BUDOFF and BUDON (P > 0.05). The probability of horns was higher for CLOVE (0.21 [0.15, 0.29]) than BUDON (0.02 [0.01, 0.06]; P ≤ 0.05); horns were not observed for BUDOFF. The probability of scorns for BUDON, the only treatment that led to scorns, was 0.41 (0.25, 0.60). These results suggest that BUDOFF was more effective at preventing growth than CLOVE and BUDON and appears the most effective method, of the methods tested, for disbudding kids. Future research should explore different clove oil administration methods or other alternatives to cautery disbudding that may be both efficacious and cause less pain.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of clove oil and two different cautery disbudding methods on preventing horn growth in dairy goat kids

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0198229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa N. Hempstead ◽  
Joseph R. Waas ◽  
Mairi Stewart ◽  
Vanessa M. Cave ◽  
Amanda R. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Horn Growth

Eremotherium (Xenarthra, Mammalia) materials from the collections of Laboratório de Paleontologia e Evolução and Laboratório de Geologia of Universidade Federal de Goiás

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e316973951
Author(s):  
Millena Silva Mendes ◽  
Tábata Zanesco ◽  
Luíza Bomfim Melki ◽  
Caio César Rangel ◽  
Bruno Martins Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Pleistocene Mammals ◽  
Research Investments

This study presents the first survey of fossil mammal specimens housed at the collections of the Federal University of Goiás. Here, we describe a set of associated femur and vertebrae fragments, one fragment of tibia, and two left and right maxillary fragments, identified as Eremotherium. Despite its fragmentary condition, the size and morphological aspect of the materials show diagnostic characteristics that suggest their relationship with Eremotherium. These new specimens described here contribute to the paleontology of the Goiás State, which may provide future research investments in collections not yet known, which may increase the knowledge on Pleistocene mammals of Central Brazil.

scholarly journals Nesting success of a managed population of Mauritius Fodies Foudia rubra marooned on a partially restored island

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW CRISTINACCE ◽  
LUCY J. H. GARRETT ◽  
RUTH E. COLE ◽  
R. V. VIKASH TATAYAH ◽  
CARL G. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Nesting Success ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Management

SummaryThe marooning of populations on offshore islands can be used as a conservation technique for species threatened by introduced predators, but post-release breeding success is not always as high as expected. Following the release of Mauritius Fodies onto a partially restored islet of regenerating forest, supplementary food and control of nest parasites through the application of insecticide were used as precautionary measures to aid the establishment of a population. Nests were continuously monitored in the first three breeding seasons to inform future management decisions. The fodies built nests in taller, more mature vegetation and younger females were more likely to abandon nests before incubation started. Eggs were laid between July and February and nests made earlier in the season were more likely to fledge young. Treating nests with the insecticide carbaryl increased the probability of success, but the distance of the nest from the supplementary feeding aviaries had no effect. The number of young per female decreased each breeding season and nesting success was similar to that of fodies using exotic plantation trees on the mainland between 2002 and 2006. Future research using population models and adaptive management could lead to the withdrawal or reduction of support measures for the released population and/or the harvest of individuals to establish populations on other offshore islands.

Suppression of horn growth in cattle by clove oil and isoeugenol

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schoiswohl ◽  
Anna Stanitznig ◽  
Susanne Waiblinger ◽  
Sandra Frahm ◽  
Reinhild Krametter-Froetscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clove Oil ◽  
Horn Growth

scholarly journals Clove Oil Delays Rather Than Prevents Scur/Horn Growth in Dairy Cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhairi Sutherland ◽  
Alan Julian ◽  
Frances Huddart
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Horn Growth ◽  
Horn Development

The objective of this study was to evaluate if administration of clove oil prevents scur/horn growth in dairy cattle long term. At approximately 4 days of age, calves had one of four treatments assigned to each horn bud: (1) clove oil administered subcutaneously under the horn bud (CLOV, n = 132); (2) cautery disbudded and the horn bud removed (BUDOFF, n = 126); (3) cautery disbudded and the horn bud tissue left intact (BUDON, n = 129); (4) a liquid nitrogen filled probe applied to the horn bud area (CRYO, n = 131). At approximately 16 months of age, all cattle were checked for scur or horn development. A sub-set of scurs/horns from the CLOV cattle were removed to evaluate tissue and structural development. In total, 5% of CLOV buds developed into horns and 63% into scurs; 10% of the scurs looked like normally developed horns but they were not attached to the skull. Cautery disbudding prevented scur and horn development in cattle when the horn bud tissue was removed, but some scur growth was observed in the BUDON treatment. CRYO was 100% ineffective at preventing scur/horn growth. Injecting clove oil under the horn bud appeared to delay horn development, but not prevent it, when administered to 4 day old dairy calves.

scholarly journals Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold, Tissue Alterations and Horn Growth in Calves after Injection of Isoeugenol or Clove Oil under the Horn Bud

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Anna Juffinger ◽  
Julia Schoiswohl ◽  
Anna Stanitznig ◽  
Reinhild Krametter-Frötscher ◽  
Thomas Wittek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Point Interaction ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Horn Growth ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Tissue Alterations

Disbudding of calves is a common, painful intervention. Due to cytotoxic and anesthetic properties, the injection of clove oil or its component isoeugenol may be less detrimental to animal welfare. We investigated mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), possible tissue alterations and horn growth for up to 12 weeks after injection of 1.5 mL clove oil (CLOV), isoeugenol (ISO) or saline (CON) or after hot-iron disbudding (BURN; with local anesthesia and sedation, n = 10/treatment). MNT was measured using von Frey filaments and a pressure algometer at four locations around the horn bud. There was a treatment*time point interaction (linear mixed model, p < 0.05). MNT decreased most strongly and for the longest time for BURN in most calves at least for 3 weeks. For ISO, the decrease was less distinct and most calves’ values returned to baseline after 1–2 weeks. MNT in CLOV was intermediate, with decreased values up to 3 weeks in some animals. 12 weeks after the treatment, horn growth was prevented in about 50% of the horns in CLOV and ISO. Tissue alterations such as swellings of the eyelids often occurred in CLOV, but less so in ISO. Our results suggest that injection of isoeugenol causes less pain and thus seems to be beneficial compared to hot-iron disbudding, while clove oil was not advantageous. Regarding the effectiveness of isoeugenol to prevent horn growth, more studies are needed.

Skin dose measurement and estimating the dosimetric effect of applicator misplacement in gynecological brachytherapy: A patient and phantom study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mehrsa Majdaeen ◽  
Masoumeh Dorri—Giv ◽  
Shaghayegh Olfat ◽  
Gholamreza Ataei ◽  
Razzagh Abedi-Firouzjah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Treatment Planning System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
Dose Measurement ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Skin Doses

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate skin dose differences between TPS (treatment planning system) calculations and TLD (thermo-luminescent dosimeters) measurements along with the dosimetric effect of applicator misplacement for patients diagnosed with gynecological (GYN) cancers undergoing brachytherapy. METHODS: The skin doses were measured using TLDs attached in different locations on patients’ skin in pelvic regions (anterior, left, and right) for 20 patients, as well as on a phantom. In addition, the applicator surface dose was calculated with TLDs attached to the applicator. The measured doses were compared with TPS calculations to find TPS accuracy. For the phantom, different applicator shifts were applied to find the effect of applicator misplacement on the surface dose. RESULTS: The mean absolute dose differences between the TPS and TLDs results for anterior, left, and right points were 3.14±1.03, 6.25±1.88, and 6.20±1.97 %, respectively. The mean difference on the applicator surface was obtained 1.92±0.46 %. Applicator misplacements of 0.5, 2, and 4 cm (average of three locations) resulted in 9, 36, and 61%, dose errors respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The surface/skin differences between the calculations and measurements are higher in the left and right regions, which relate to the higher uncertainty of TPS dose calculation in these regions. Furthermore, applicator misplacements can result in high skin dose variations, therefore it can be an appropriate quality assurance method for future research.

scholarly journals Health and Welfare Survey of 30 Dairy Goat Farms in the Midwestern United States

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2007
Author(s):  
Melissa N. Hempstead ◽  
Taylor M. Lindquist ◽  
Jan K. Shearer ◽  
Leslie C. Shearer ◽  
Paul J. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Improve Health

Dairy goat production in the Midwestern United States is increasing at a rapid rate and information on dairy goat husbandry practices applicable for producers in this region is limited. The objective of this study was to survey 30 dairy goat farms in the Midwestern US to provide insight into husbandry practices pertaining to health, welfare, and production, and to identify areas of future research. A questionnaire was developed and comprised 163 questions that were organized into categories including information on the producer (e.g., farming experience), staff, and goats (e.g., herd size, breed), housing, feeding and nutrition, milking practices and production, kid management, husbandry practices (e.g., disbudding, castration, hoof trimming), and health. Areas of future research that can improve goat health, production and welfare include pain relief for husbandry practices such as disbudding and castration, early kid management during birth to prevent illness/disease or mortality (e.g., warm and dry areas for kid rearing), eradication programs for common contagious diseases, training programs and education for claw trimming, disbudding, and udder health. In conclusion, this study provided insight into the husbandry practices carried out on 30 dairy goat farms in the Midwestern US and areas of research to improve health and welfare.

Training Severely Handicapped Students to Cross Partially Controlled Intersections

AAESPH Review ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Timm Vogelsburg ◽  
Frank R. Rusch
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Instructional Feedback ◽  
Repeated Practice ◽  
Severely Handicapped ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Look ◽  
Independent Decision ◽  
Behavior Chains

In this study three severely handicapped school-aged students were trained to cross the street. The students were provided preinstruction, instructional feedback, and selective repeated practice to acquire the skills to cross the street at partially controlled intersections; selective repeated practice was introduced only when physical assistance was required on those skills students found particularly difficult to learn; a rehearsal and model phase was eventually used to promote independent street crossing. Data were collected on the following training clusters: approach (walking to and stopping on the curb), look (looking behind, in front, left, and right), step (stepping off the curb when no cars were coming), and walk (walking quickly across the street and stopping on the other side). Results of the multiple baseline design indicated that instructional feedback was sufficient in training the approach and walk behaviors but selective repeated practice was required to establish the look responses. A partial reversal following withdrawal of instructional feedback suggested withdrawing all treatment components would result in total loss of behavior gains. Therefore, rehearsal in the form of performing the entire sequence with the trainer and then a trainer model was tried. This strategy increased the number of independent decisions to step and walk across the street. Generalization probes on untreated, partially controlled intersections suggested that each student used the newly acquired behaviors appropriately. Future research is suggested in the areas of training two-behavior versus four-behavior chains, using repeated practice to facilitate acquisition and teach independent decision making to severely handicapped students.

Strategic Product Design for Multiple Global Markets

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Nadadur ◽  
Wonmo Kim ◽  
Alexander R. Thomson ◽  
Matthew B. Parkinson ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Tablet Devices ◽  
Current State ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Do So ◽  
Target Markets

Designing products for multiple global user populations has been the focus of numerous studies. Based on an understanding of the current state of knowledge, this paper outlines three broad top-down design strategies to satisfy varying user, business, and regulatory requirements across target markets, and to do so in a resource-efficient manner. The first strategy results in a set of optimal, robust, or reconfigurable designs for the markets. The second strategy is the development of a static platform-based design, with variants of the product for the different target markets. In the third strategy, flexibility is embedded into a platform itself; the manufacturer can then release the product in a few target markets, and can leverage the platform at later stages when entering additional markets or adapting to changing requirements. The implementation of the proposed strategies is explored in the context of three different products: (1) the Adidas Jabulani soccer ball, (2) left- and right- hand drive vehicles, and (3) the Apple suite of mobile and tablet devices. The observations in these case studies highlight the importance of the three global product design strategies, and help define certain questions for future research.

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