scholarly journals Anti-aging food that improves markers of health in senior dogs by modulating gut microbiota and metabolite profiles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eden Ephraim Gebreselassie ◽  
Matthew I. Jackson ◽  
Maha Yerramilli ◽  
Dennis E. Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Test Food ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Aging Kidney

AbstractDysbiosis is one of the major changes in aging that leads to an accumulation of toxic microbial metabolites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a test food containing components of citrus, carrot, spinach and tomato on gut microbiota and age-related metabolites in senior dogs. The study was conducted on 36 dogs between 8 and 13 years of age. All dogs were maintained on a control food (control 1), which used corn as major source of fiber. After 30 days, the dogs were divided into two groups of 18 dogs. One of the groups received the test food for 30 days while the other group received the control 2 food, containing multiple whole grains as the test food but without the above added sources of fiber present in the test food. After a washout period on the control 1 food for 30 days, a cross-over was performed so that the test or the control 2 food was fed for 30 days to those dogs which had not yet been fed that food. Samples from feces and blood were collected after each 30 days period to analyze changes in gut microbial composition and metabolites. The consumption of the test food led to increased proportions of Adlercreutzia, Oscillospira, Phascolarcobacteria, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, Christensenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria and decreased proportions of Megamonas, Salmonella, Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacterium. Pets had higher levels of glycerol and fatty acids and lower levels of pyrraline and mucin amino acids in feces. The test food also reduced circulating levels of pyrraline, symmetric dimethylarginine and phenolic uremic toxins, including the microbial brain toxin, 4-ethylphenyl sulfate. Christensenellaceae abundance was strongly associated with the observed health benefits. Fermentable fibers from fruits and vegetables enhance health in senior dogs by modulating the gut bacteria and metabolites involved in aging, kidney, brain and gut health.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2430
Author(s):  
Eden Ephraim ◽  
Dennis E. Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Test Food ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Acid Metabolites

Age-related changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites are associated with the increased risk of detrimental conditions also seen with age. This study evaluated whether a test food with potential anti-aging benefits results in favorable changes in plasma and fecal metabolites and the fecal microbiota in senior cats. Forty healthy domestic cats aged 8.3–13.5 years were fed a washout food for 30 days, then control or test food for 30 days. After another 30-day washout, cats were switched to the other study food for 30 days. Assessment of plasma and fecal metabolites showed lower levels of metabolites associated with detrimental processes (e.g., uremic toxins) and higher levels of metabolites associated with beneficial processes (e.g., tocopherols) after cats consumed the test food compared with the control food. A shift toward proteolysis with the control food is supported by higher levels of amino acid metabolites and lower levels of carbohydrate metabolites. Operational taxonomic units of greater abundance with the test food positively correlated with carbohydrate and nicotinic acid metabolites, and negatively correlated with uremic toxins, amino acid metabolism, secondary bile salts, and branched-chain fatty acids. Taken together, the test food appears to result in greater levels of metabolites and microbiota associated with a healthier state.

scholarly journals Interaction with Gut Microbiota Plays a Causative Role in Grape Powder-Mediated Anti-Colitis Effects in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 499-499
Author(s):  
Yiying Zhao ◽  
Qing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Microbial Composition

Abstract Objectives Gut microbiota is recognized to play a regulatory role in gut health and diseases. Previously, in a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, we found that 10% grape powder (10GP) diet, which contains 0.033% polyphenols, attenuated colitis symptoms and restored colitis-changed gut microbial composition. However, it is not clear whether microbial modulation by 10GP directly contributes to the observed protective effects. To address the question, we compared the effect of 10GP on colitis in the presence and absence of antibiotics in mice. Methods Male Balb/c mice were gavaged with either water or antibiotic cocktail (ABX) daily for 7 days. For both water and ABX-treated mice, we further divided them into three subgroups: 1) healthy control (non-DSS), 2) mice fed with control diet and treated by 1.8% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water, and 3) mice fed with 10GP diet and treated with DSS (DSS-10GP). During the study, we monitored mice’ body weight and evaluated their colitis symptoms including stool consistency and rectal bleeding. All mice were sacrificed 9–10 days after DSS administration. Results Compared with conventional mice, ABX-treated mice had lowered liver and colon weight, increased level of fecal acetate and decreased levels of fecal butyrate and propionate. For both conventional and ABX-treated mice, DSS treatment caused colitis symptoms including rectal bleeding and diarrhea, colonic tissue damage, increased spleen weight and shortened colon length. Importantly, 10GP significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms in non-ABX conventional mice, as indicated by attenuated fecal bleeding and diarrhea, reduced colonic tissue damage, and lowered spleen weight and colon weight to length ratio as inflammatory indexes. In contrast, these protective effects of 10GP were not observed in the ABX-treated mice. Conclusions 10GP diet showed protective effects against DSS-induced colitis in conventional mice, but not ABX-treated mice. This observation indicates that interaction between 10GP and gut microbiota plays a causative role in 10GP-mediated protective effects on colitis. Funding Sources California Table Grape Commission.

scholarly journals Probiotics maintain the gut microbiome homeostasis during Indian Antarctic expedition by ship

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Vishwajeet Rohil ◽  
Brij Bhushan ◽  
Malleswara Rao Eslavath ◽  
Harshita Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding Modules ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Probiotic Intervention ◽  
The Impact

AbstractShip voyage to Antarctica is a stressful journey for expedition members. The response of human gut microbiota to ship voyage and a feasible approach to maintain gut health, is still unexplored. The present findings describe a 24-day long longitudinal study involving 19 members from 38th Indian Antarctic Expedition, to investigate the impact of ship voyage and effect of probiotic intervention on gut microbiota. Fecal samples collected on day 0 as baseline and at the end of ship voyage (day 24), were analyzed using whole genome shotgun sequencing. Probiotic intervention reduced the sea sickness by 10% compared to 44% in placebo group. The gut microbiome in placebo group members on day 0 and day 24, indicated significant alteration compared to a marginal change in the microbial composition in probiotic group. Functional analysis revealed significant alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Carbohydrate-active enzymes analysis represented functional genes involved in glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases and carbohydrate binding modules, for maintaining gut microbiome homeostasis. Suggesting thereby the possible mechanism of probiotic in stabilizing and restoring gut microflora during stressful ship journey. The present study is first of its kind, providing a feasible approach for protecting gut health during Antarctic expedition involving ship voyage.

scholarly journals Altered Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in a Mouse Model of Choroidal Neovascularization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Li ◽  
Yuting Cai ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
Wei Tan ◽  
Bingyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

PurposeChoroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the defining feature of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Gut microbiota might be deeply involved in the pathogenesis of nAMD. This study aimed to reveal the roles of the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV.MethodsThe feces of C57BL/6J mice with or without laser-induced CNV were collected. Multi-omics analyses, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, were conducted to analyze the changes in the gut microbial composition and the fecal metabolomic profiles in CNV mice.ResultsThe gut microbiota was significantly altered in CNV mice. The abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas was significantly upregulated in the feces of CNV mice, while 16 genera, including Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Candidatus_Soleaferrea, and Truepera, were significantly more abundant in the controls than in the CNV group. Fecal metabolomics identified 73 altered metabolites (including 52 strongly significantly altered metabolites) in CNV mice compared to control mice. Correlation analysis indicated significant correlations between the altered fecal metabolites and gut microbiota genera, such as Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 and Candidatus_Saccharimonas. Moreover, KEGG analysis revealed six pathways associated with these altered metabolites, such as the ABC transporter, primary bile acid biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways.ConclusionThe study identified an altered fecal microbiome and metabolome in a CNV mouse model. The altered microbes, metabolites and the involved pathways might be associated with the pathogenesis of nAMD.

scholarly journals Effect of dark sweet cherry powder consumption on the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and biomarkers of gut health in obese db/db mice

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose F. Garcia-Mazcorro ◽  
Nara N. Lage ◽  
Susanne Mertens-Talcott ◽  
Stephen Talcott ◽  
Boon Chew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Cherries are fruits containing fiber and bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenolics) with the potential of helping patients with diabetes and weight disorders, a phenomenon likely related to changes in the complex host-microbiota milieu. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cherry supplementation on the gut bacterial composition, concentrations of caecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and biomarkers of gut health using an in vivo model of obesity. Obese diabetic (db/db) mice received a supplemented diet with 10% cherry powder (supplemented mice, n = 12) for 12 weeks; obese (n = 10) and lean (n = 10) mice served as controls and received a standard diet without cherry. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to analyze the gut microbiota; SCFAs and biomarkers of gut health were also measured using standard techniques. According to 16S sequencing, supplemented mice harbored a distinct colonic microbiota characterized by a higher abundance of mucin-degraders (i.e., Akkermansia) and fiber-degraders (the S24-7 family) as well as lower abundances of Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae. Overall this particular cherry-associated colonic microbiota did not resemble the microbiota in obese or lean controls based on the analysis of weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance metrics. qPCR confirmed some of the results observed in sequencing, thus supporting the notion that cherry supplementation can change the colonic microbiota. Moreover, the SCFAs detected in supplemented mice (caproate, methyl butyrate, propionate, acetate and valerate) exceeded those concentrations detected in obese and lean controls except for butyrate. Despite the changes in microbial composition and SCFAs, most of the assessed biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal health in colon tissues and mucosal cells were similar in all obese mice with and without supplementation. This paper shows that dietary supplementation with cherry powder for 12 weeks affects the microbiota and the concentrations of SCFAs in the lower intestinal tract of obese db/db diabetic mice. These effects occurred in absence of differences in most biomarkers of inflammation and other parameters of gut health. Our study prompts more research into the potential clinical implications of cherry consumption as a dietary supplement in diabetic and obese human patients.

scholarly journals Age-dependent sexual dimorphism in the adult human gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuying Zhang ◽  
Huanzi Zhong ◽  
Yufeng Li ◽  
Zhun Shi ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractA decade of studies has established the importance of the gut microbiome in human health. In spite of sex differences in the physiology, lifespan, and prevalence of many age-associated diseases, sex and age disparities in the gut microbiota have been little studied. Here we show age-related sex differences in the adult gut microbial composition and functionality in two community-based cohorts from Northern China and the Netherlands. Consistently, women harbour a more diverse and stable microbial community across broad age ranges, whereas men exhibit a more variable gut microbiota strongly correlated with age. Reflecting the sex-biased age-gut microbiota interaction patterns, sex differences observed in younger adults are considerably reduced in the elderly population. Our findings highlight the age- and sex-biased differences in the adult gut microbiota across two ethnic population and emphasize the need for considering age and sex in studies of the human gut microbiota.

Dietary fat and low fiber in purified diets differently impact the gut-liver axis to promote obesity-linked metabolic impairments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noëmie Daniel ◽  
Laίs Rossi Perazza ◽  
Thibault V. Varin ◽  
Jocelyn Trottier ◽  
Bruno Marcotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metabolic Impairments

Purified high-fat diets are commonly used to promote obesity and metabolic disturbances in animal models. However, most studies also use unpurified chow (low in fat, high in fiber content) as a "healthy" diet which can impact gut health. Here, we investigated the impact of feeding chow or purified diets varying in fat content on metabolic and intestinal functions in relation with temporal changes in gut microbiota composition. C57BL/6J male mice were fed either chow or purified low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks. LF-fed mice displayed similar glucose and insulin homeostasis and bile acid profile than chow-fed mice but did exhibit higher fasting insulinemia and impaired insulin clearance, which was associated with increased weight gain and fat mass. Compared with chow, feeding LF or HF diets increased hepatic steatosis and inflammation, and impaired intestinal integrity. Changes in gut microbiota preceded these effects, with both purified diets inducing rapid and dramatic decrease of bacterial diversity and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Importantly, branched SCFA levels increased only in HF-fed mice suggesting that this response is driven by excessive dietary fat rather than lack of fiber content. LF-fed mucus-associated microbial composition was also closer to that of chow-fed mice than that of HF-fed mice, suggesting the impact of fat content on this specific microbial community. We have identified distinct and overlapping gut microbiome and metabolic impairments caused by low fiber or high-fat contents in HF-fed animals, revealing their selective mechanisms underpinning the gastrointestinal and metabolic impacts in obesity

scholarly journals Curcumin, Quercetin, Catechins and Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Shabbir ◽  
Momna Rubab ◽  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
Ahsan Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Polyphenols (PPs) are the naturally occurring bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, and they are the most abundant antioxidant in the human diet. Studies are suggesting that ingestion of PPs might be helpful to ameliorate metabolic syndromes that may contribute in the prevention of several chronic disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. PPs have structural diversity which impacts their bioavailability as they accumulate in the large intestine and are extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM). Intestinal microbiota transforms PPs into their metabolites to make them bioactive. Interestingly, not only GM act on PPs to metabolize them but PPs also modulate the composition of GM. Thus, change in GM from pathogenic to beneficial ones may be helpful to ameliorate gut health and associated diseases. However, to overcome the low bioavailability of PPs, various approaches have been developed to improve their solubility and transportation through the gut. In this review, we present evidence supporting the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in PPs (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition that leads to improving overall gut health and helping to ameliorate metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Effects of Protein Restriction and Subsequent Realimentation on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Lei Hou ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Yueqin Qiu ◽  
YunXia Xiong ◽  
Hao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of protein restriction and subsequent protein realimentation on the body composition, gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of piglets. Fifty weaned piglets were randomly assigned to two treatments: a normal protein (NP) group (20% crude protein (CP)) or a low protein (LP) group (16% CP) with five animals per pen and five pens per group. Treatment diets were fed for 14 d during the protein restriction phase, and then all pigs were fed the same nursery diets with a normal CP level (19% CP) during the protein realimentation phase until they reached an average target body weight (BW) of 25 ± 0.15 kg. At day 14 and the end of the experiment, one piglet close to the average BW of each pen was slaughtered to determine body composition, microbial composition and microbial metabolites. Results showed that there was no difference (p > 0.05) in the experimental days to reach target BW between the LP and NP groups. The average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) during the protein restriction phase as well as BW at day 14, were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the LP group compared with the NP group. However, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) during the protein realimentation phase and the overall experiment. Similarly, piglets in the LP group showed a significantly decreased body protein content (p < 0.05) at day 14, but not (p > 0.05) at the end of the experiment. The relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Butyricicoccus, Olsenella, Succinivibrio and Pseudoramibacter were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Alloprevotella and Faecalicoccus were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the LP group at day 14. At the end of the experiment, the piglets in the LP group showed a higher (p < 0.05) colonic relative abundances of Parabacteroides, unidentified Christensenellaceae and Caproiciproducens, and a lower (p < 0.05) relative abundance of unidentified Prevotellaceae, Haemophilus, Marvinbryantia, Faecalibaculum, Neisseria and Dubosiella than those in the NP group. Metabolomics analyses indicated that tryptophan metabolism and vitamin metabolism were enriched in the LP group at day 14, and glycerophospholipid metabolism and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acid metabolism were enriched at the end of the experiment. Moreover, Spearman’s correlation analysis demonstrated that the microbial composition was highly correlated with changes in colonic metabolites. Collectively, these results indicated that protein restriction and subsequent realimentation lead to compensatory growth and compensatory protein deposition in piglets and contribute to animal intestinal health by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolites.

scholarly journals Microbiota and Metabolite Modifications after Dietary Exclusion of Dairy Products and Reduced Consumption of Fermented Food in Young and Older Men

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Jinyoung Kim ◽  
Kathryn J. Burton-Pimentel ◽  
Charlotte Fleuti ◽  
Carola Blaser ◽  
Valentin Scherz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiota adapts to age-related changes in host physiology but is also affected by environmental stimuli, like diet. As a source of both pre- and probiotics, dairy and fermented foods modulate the gut microbiota composition, which makes them interesting food groups to use for the investigation of interactions between diet and ageing. Here we present the effects of excluding dairy products and limiting fermented food consumption for 19 days on gut microbiota composition and circulating metabolites of 28 healthy, young (YA) and older (OA) adult men. The intervention affected gut microbial composition in both groups, with significant increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in bacteria of the Clostridiales order. Lower fasting levels of glucose and insulin, as well as dairy-associated metabolites like lactose and pentadecanoic acid, were observed after the intervention, with no effect of age. The intervention also decreased HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. Dairy fat intake was positively associated with the HDL cholesterol changes but not with the LDL/HDL ratio. In conclusion, restricting the intake of dairy and fermented foods in men modified their gut microbiota and blood metabolites, while the impact of the dietary restrictions on these outcomes was more marked than the effect of age.

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