scholarly journals Facial masculinity does not appear to be a condition-dependent male ornament in humans and does not reflect MHC heterozygosity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arslan A. Zaidi ◽  
Julie D. White ◽  
Brooke C. Mattern ◽  
Corey R. Liebowitz ◽  
David A. Puts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Facial Masculinity ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Ornament

AbstractFacial masculinity is thought to be a condition-dependent male ornament, reflecting immunocompetence in humans. To test this hypothesis, we calculated an objective measure of facial masculinity/femininity using three-dimensional images in a large sample (N = 1,233) of people of European ancestry. We show that facial masculinity is positively correlated with adult height in both males and females. This suggests that variation in growth contributes, at least in part, to variation in facial masculinity, which is characteristic of condition-dependent traits. However, facial masculinity scales with growth similarly in males and females, suggesting that facial masculinity is not specifically a male ornament. Additionally, we measured immunocompetence via heterozygosity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a well known genetic marker of immunity. We show that while height is positively correlated with MHC heterozygosity, facial masculinity is not. Thus, facial masculinity does not reflect immunocompetence measured by MHC heterozygosity in humans as thought previously. Overall, we find no support for the idea that facial masculinity is a condition-dependent male ornament that has evolved to indicate immunocompetence.

scholarly journals Facial masculinity does not appear to be a condition-dependent male ornament and does not reflect MHC heterozygosity in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1633-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arslan A. Zaidi ◽  
Julie D. White ◽  
Brooke C. Mattern ◽  
Corey R. Liebowitz ◽  
David A. Puts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Height ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Facial Masculinity ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Ornaments ◽  
Male Ornament

Recent studies have called into question the idea that facial masculinity is a condition-dependent male ornament that indicates immunocompetence in humans. We add to this growing body of research by calculating an objective measure of facial masculinity/femininity using 3D images in a large sample (n = 1,233) of people of European ancestry. We show that facial masculinity is positively correlated with adult height in both males and females. However, facial masculinity scales with growth similarly in males and females, suggesting that facial masculinity is not exclusively a male ornament, as male ornaments are typically more sensitive to growth in males compared with females. Additionally, we measured immunocompetence via heterozygosity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a widely-used genetic marker of immunity. We show that, while height is positively correlated with MHC heterozygosity, facial masculinity is not. Thus, facial masculinity does not reflect immunocompetence measured by MHC heterozygosity in humans. Overall, we find no support for the idea that facial masculinity is a condition-dependent male ornament that has evolved to indicate immunocompetence.

scholarly journals Evidence for sexual conflict over major histocompatibility complex diversity in a wild songbird

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1884) ◽  
pp. 20180841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Roved ◽  
Bengt Hansson ◽  
Maja Tarka ◽  
Dennis Hasselquist ◽  
Helena Westerdahl
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Class I Mhc ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Males And Females

Sex differences in parasite load and immune responses are found across a wide range of animals, with females generally having lower parasite loads and stronger immune responses than males. Intrigued by these general patterns, we investigated if there was any sign of sex-specific selection on an essential component of adaptive immunity that is known to affect fitness, the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) genes, in a 20-year study of great reed warblers. Our analyses on fitness related to MHC-I diversity showed a highly significant interaction between MHC-I diversity and sex, where males with higher, and females with lower, MHC-I diversity were more successful in recruiting offspring. Importantly, mean MHC-I diversity did not differ between males and females, and consequently neither sex reached its MHC-I fitness optimum. Thus, there is an unresolved genetic sexual conflict over MHC-I diversity in great reed warblers. Selection from pathogens is known to maintain MHC diversity, but previous theory ignores that the immune environments are considerably different in males and females. Our results suggest that sexually antagonistic selection is an important, previously neglected, force in the evolution of vertebrate adaptive immunity, and have implications for evolutionary understanding of costs of immune responses and autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Molekuler Ikan Gurami Soang (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) yang Mati pada Rentang Waktu Berbeda Menggunakan PCR-RFLP Gen Major Histocompatibility Complex Kelas II B

Biosfera ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Jaka Tri Spetiawan ◽  
Agus Nuryanto ◽  
Hendro Pramono ◽  
Kusbiyanto Kusbiyanto ◽  
Petrus H. Tjahja Soedibja
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The Difference

Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) is a popular fish species among Indonesian people. Several Gurami strains have been cultivated by fish farmer, one of which is Gurami Soang. This strain is belived to have a faster growth rate compared to other strains. However, like other strains, the fingerling of Soang strain have also a low survival and suceptible to disease, especially that caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection. It has been proved that seeds from a single spawning event show varibale disease resistance. The difference in resistance among individuals is suggested related to the difference in their genetic component. One of the genes responsible for resistance is Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II B gene. Variability in resistance can be analyzed by using PCR - RFLP technique. PCR-RFLP is a technique that can produce a specific DNA fragments by PCR, followed by cutting the PCR product using restriction enzymes to describe the presence or absence of restriction sites in DNA fragments. This research aims to determine genetic marker to differiantiate between resitant and irresistant individual of Gurami Soang infected by A. hydrophila which die at a different time priod based on PCR-RFLP MHC class IIB gene. The study used survey method with purposive random sampling. The Data of PCR-RFLP band patterns were analyzed descriptively. The result indicated that cutting of the MHC class II B gene using HinfI produce two RFLP bands with 300 bp and 100 bp length in all samples. Meanwhile, the MHC IIB gene was not cuted by PstI, HindIII, BamHI and EcoRI enzymes forall samples. These mean that MHC II gene in all individuals were monomorphic. Therefore,it can be concluded that there is no specific genetic marker to differentiate gurami soang individulas which was dying in different time periods.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional geometric morphometric studies of modern human occipital variation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245445
Author(s):  
Yameng Zhang ◽  
Lynne A. Schepartz
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ct Data

Objectives To investigate three-dimensional morphological variation of the occipital bone between sexes and among populations, to determine how ancestry, sex and size account for occipital shape variation and to describe the exact forms by which the differences are expressed. Methods CT data for 214 modern crania of Asian, African and European ancestry were compared using 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics, including principal component analysis, Hotelling’s T2 test, multivariate regression, ANOVA, and MANCOVA. Results Sex differences in average occipital morphology are only observed in Europeans, with males exhibiting a pronounced inion. Significant ancestral differences are observed among all samples and are shared by males and females. Asian and African crania have smaller biasterionic breadths and flatter clivus angles compared to Europeans. Asian and European crania are similar in their nuchal and occipital plane proportions, nuchal and occipital angles, and lower inion positions compared to Africans. Centroid size significantly differs between sexes and among populations. The overall allometry, while significant, explains little of the shape variation. Larger occipital bones were associated with a more curved occipital plane, a pronounced inion, a narrower biasterionic breadth, a more flexed clivus, and a lower and relatively smaller foramen magnum. Conclusions Although significant shape differences were observed among populations, it is not recommended to use occipital morphology in sex or population estimation as both factors explained little of the observed variance. Other factors, relating to function and the environment, are suggested to be greater contributors to occipital variation. For the same reason, it is also not recommended to use the occiput in phylogenetic studies.

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (HLA) as a Genetic Marker in Human Craniofacial Anomalies

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix T. Rapaport ◽  
Fritz H. Bach ◽  
Radoslav J. Bachvaroff ◽  
Joseph G. McCarthy ◽  
Audrey P. Raisbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

scholarly journals Endogenous peptides of a soluble major histocompatibility complex class I molecule, H-2Lds: sequence motif, quantitative binding, and molecular modeling of the complex.

1992 ◽  
Vol 176 (6) ◽  
pp. 1681-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Corr ◽  
L F Boyd ◽  
S R Frankel ◽  
S Kozlowski ◽  
E A Padlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Class I ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Antigenic Peptides ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

To gain insight into the rules that govern the binding of endogenous and viral peptides to a given major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, we characterized the amino acid sequences of a set of self peptides bound by a soluble analogue of murine H-2Ld, H-2Lds. We tested corresponding synthetic peptides quantitatively for binding in several different assays, and built three-dimensional computer models of eight peptide/H-2Lds complexes, based on the crystallographic structure of the human HLA-B27/peptide complex. Comparison of primary and tertiary structures of bound self and antigenic peptides revealed that residues 2 and 9 were not only restricted in sequence and tolerant of conservative substitutions, but were spatially constrained in the three-dimensional models. The degree of sequence variability of specific residues in MHC-restricted peptides reflected the lack of structural constraint on those amino acids. Thus, amino acid residues that define a peptide motif represent side chains required or preferred for a close fit with the MHC class I heavy chain.

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