scholarly journals Implementing new portable touchscreen-setups to enhance cognitive research and enrich zoo-housed animals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Object Discrimination ◽  
Research Environments ◽  
External Power ◽  
Great Possibility

AbstractsTo understand the evolutionary development of cognition, comparing the cognitive capacities of different animal species is essential. However, getting access to various species with sufficient sample sizes can be very challenging. Zoos, housing large ranges of animal taxa, would offer ideal research environments, but zoo-based studies on cognition are still rare. The use of touchscreen-computers to explore the cognitive abilities of nonhuman animals has shown to be highly applicable, and simultaneously offers new enrichment possibilities for captive animals. To facilitate zoo-based research, I here illustrate the assembly and usage of newly developed touchscreen-computer-systems (Zoo-basedAnimal-Computer-Interaction System,ZACI), which can be used in various zoo environments and, importantly, with different taxa (e.g. primates, birds). The developed setups are portable, can be attached to various mesh sizes, and do not need any external power supply while being used. To evaluate the usability of the ZACI, they have been tested with experimentally naïve subjects of three great ape species (orang-utans, chimpanzees, gorillas) housed at Zoo Heidelberg, Germany, demonstrating to be easy to handle, animal-proof, and of great interest to the animals. Animals could be tested within their social group, as each subject had access to its own device during testing. To support the implementation of touchscreen-setups at other facilities, I also illustrate the training procedure and present first data on the apes’ performance in a simple object discrimination task. Portable touchscreen-setups offer the great possibility to enhance collaboration between zoos and researchers, allow a standardisation of methods, and improve data collection.

Equivalent Circuits of the 27.5 kV Electric Railway External Power Supply System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Yeugene P. FIGURNOV ◽  
◽  
Yury I. ZHARKOV ◽  
Nataliya A. POPOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Equivalent Circuits ◽  
External Power ◽  
Electric Railway ◽  
External Power Supply

Study on the Development of Lighting Devices Material Combined with Street Lamp in the Use of Rays of the Sun

2017 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
Seung Hyeon You ◽  
Jeong Hwan Lee ◽  
Sung Hoon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Lighting Device ◽  
The Future ◽  
Street Lamp ◽  
External Power ◽  
The City

This study has developed street lamp lighting device material that was turned on and off by self-power supply without additional power by using the rays of the sun. Lighting devices have been applied with polycarbonate materials that were outstanding with light transmissivity while using LED light and economic value. Lighting devices are easily installed in various places since external power is not necessary. In addition, it also serves as a function of preventing crime by acquiring intensity of illumination in crime-ridden district in the night. Lighting device can also serve as a function of improving fine view in the city by establishing eco-friendly circumstances including parks, areas around shopping district, and housing areas after being manufactured in the form of flowerpot where can grow plants in the future.

Researches on the Flood Protection and Anti-Seismic Self-Help Bed

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
Jia Bin Lu ◽  
Hong Sheng Zhao ◽  
Xin Lei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Storage Battery ◽  
Protection Device ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Circular Arch ◽  
Self Help ◽  
External Power ◽  
And Storage

In recent years, floods and earthquakes occur frequently and cause great threats and harm to personal safety. On the basis of my patent named anti-seismic bed, which patent id is 200920287683.8, the flood control and anti-seismic bed is proposed. The anti-seismic bed doesn’t need external power supply and storage battery. When an earthquake occurs, the protection device starts and then an circular arch are formed by rotating protection boards. people are protected in bed body in 0.765s. When floods occur, flood protection airbag is filled with gas and launched by the Atmel89C52 microprocessor and YDE-WDT-P sensors. Bed body can float in the flood. Its functions are similar to the rescue boat and can protect human life’s safety.

scholarly journals Design and research on the function of lithium-ion batteries emergency traction system for rail vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 168781401881229
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Xu ◽  
Xudong Sun ◽  
Qiaolian Zhou ◽  
Xinhua Jiang ◽  
Donghai Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Entire Line ◽  
Emergency Power ◽  
External Power ◽  
Traction Power Supply ◽  
Traction System ◽  
Traction Power

Urban rail vehicle power supply short interruptions or prolonged paralysis situation sometimes occurs, which will cause the entire line outage. If the train through the battery to achieve emergency traction, it will be able to effectively solve the problem of train interval stop due to external power supply reasons. This article proposes an emergency traction system, using lithium-ion batteries as traction power, carrying out the design and research on the function of lithium-ion emergency traction system for rail transit vehicles. Through the design of the power supply system, the design of the emergency traction power supply, the design of the conversion control and safety protection circuit, the design of the traction system, and the design of the auxiliary system, the train can be run to the next station under the emergency power supply, and the effectiveness of the scheme is verified by simulation. Moreover, the transformation on the basis of the existing Shanghai 952 train illustrates the feasibility of the existing train to achieve the emergency traction function and provides guarantee for the safe operation of the train.

ELECTRO-OPTIC MICROWAVE-LIGHTWAVE CONVERTERS UTILIZING PATCH ANTENNAS WITH ORTHOGONAL GAPS

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250001 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUSUF NUR WIJAYANTO ◽  
HIROSHI MURATA ◽  
YASUYUKI OKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Optical Modulation ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Wireless Signal ◽  
Microwave Signals ◽  
External Power ◽  
Fiber Link

We propose a new electro-optic microwave-lightwave converter using two orthogonal optical waveguides and patch antennas embedded with two orthogonal gaps. Wireless microwave signals can be received, separated and converted directly to lightwave signals through optical modulation using the proposed device. This device operates with no external power supply and with low microwave distortion. In addition, it enables us to measure the magnitude, phase and polarization of the wireless signal simultaneously. Experimental demonstrations of the device were presented at the operation frequency of 26 GHz. The device can be applied for electromagnetic compatibility test in the radio-over-fiber link.

Deception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Troisi
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Evolution Of Communication

For a long time, biological studies of communication have been based on the postulate that communication has evolved to ensure the transmission of veridical information between conspecifics. Ethological studies of a variety of animal species have demonstrated that transmission of false information is a relevant component of intraspecific signals and that the adaptive benefit of deceiving others was a driving force in the evolution of communication. In primate species, evolving a larger neocortex was a viable evolutionary strategy to respond to environmental challenges that demand enhanced capacities of social manipulation. Among all animal species, humans are the masters of social deception. This chapter focuses on the cognitive abilities related to voluntary deception in humans, with special regard to the role of theory of mind (i.e. the capacity to infer the mental states of other individuals). Different aspects of theory of mind are discussed, including the evolution of social brain, the distinction between mentalizing and empathizing, and the abnormalities of social cognition in clinical syndromes such as autistic spectrum disorders and primary psychopathy.

Evolutionary Cognitive Archaeology

Anthropology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Coolidge ◽  
Thomas Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Cognitive Archaeology

Cognitive archaeology may be divided into two branches. Evolutionary cognitive archaeology (ECA) is the discipline of prehistoric archaeology that studies the evolution of human cognition. Practitioners are united by a methodological commitment to the idea that archaeological traces of past activity provide access to the minds of the agents responsible. The second branch, ideational cognitive archaeology, encompasses archaeologists who strive to discover the meaning of symbolic system, primarily through the analysis of iconography. This approach differs from ECA in its epistemology, historical roots, and citation universes, and focuses on comparatively recent time periods (after 10,000 years ago). Evolutionary cognitive archaeologists are concerned with the nature of cognition itself, and its evolutionary development from the time of the last common ancestor with chimpanzees to the final ascendancy of modern humans at the end of the Pleistocene. Although ECA methods are primarily archaeological, its theoretical grounding is in the cognitive sciences, including cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and cognitive neuroscience. It is by its nature interdisciplinary. ECA differs from the allied discipline of evolutionary psychology in several important respects. Methodologically, ECA is a macroevolutionary science that studies physical evidence of past human cognition, including archaeological and fossil remains. Evolutionary psychology relies heavily on reverse engineering from controlled experiments on living humans. Theoretically, ECA is more eclectic, drawing on a variety of cognitive and evolutionary models; evolutionary psychology is committed to a neo-Darwinian, selectionist understanding of evolutionary change. The two approaches tend to study different components of human mental life, but are not inherently contradictory. ECA practitioners reconstruct prehistoric activities using well-established archaeological methods and techniques, including morphological analysis of artifacts to identify action sequences and decision patterns, functional analyses (e.g., microwear) to identify use patterns, and spatial patterns within sites to recognize activity loci (e.g., hearths). An increasingly important method is the actualistic recreation of prehistoric technologies to identify features not preserved in the archaeological remains. Neuroarchaeologists enhance such actualistic research by imaging the brains of the participants (most typically using fMRI), an approach that also contributes directly to cognitive science’s understanding of the neural basis of technical cognition. ECA practitioners take two non-mutually exclusive approaches to documenting human cognitive evolution. The first approach enriches the understanding of specific hominin taxa (i.e., Homo sapiens and their direct ancestors since 6 million years ago) by providing accounts of their cognitive life worlds, or by contrasting two taxa with one another. This approach is famously exemplified by attempts to contrast the abilities of Neandertals with those of modern humans. The second approach traces the evolution of specific cognitive abilities from the first appearance of stone tools 3.3 million years ago to the emergence of city-states 5,000 years ago. The range of accessible cognitive abilities is limited by the nature of archaeological remains, but evolutionary cognitive archaeologists have been able to trace developments in spatial cognition, memory, cognitive control, technical expertise, theory of mind, aesthetic cognition, symbolism, language, and numeracy.

scholarly journals Enteroviruses from Humans and Great Apes in the Republic of Congo: Recombination within Enterovirus C Serotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inestin Amona ◽  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Jean Akiana ◽  
Bernard Davoust ◽  
Mamadou Lamine Tall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Family ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
The Republic

Enteroviruses (EVs) are viruses of the family Picornaviridae that cause mild to severe infections in humans and in several animal species, including non-human primates (NHPs). We conducted a survey and characterization of enteroviruses circulating between humans and great apes in the Congo. Fecal samples (N = 24) of gorillas and chimpanzees living close to or distant from humans in three Congolese parks were collected, as well as from healthy humans (N = 38) living around and within these parks. Enteroviruses were detected in 29.4% of gorilla and 13.15% of human feces, including wild and human-habituated gorillas, local humans and eco-guards. Two identical strains were isolated from two humans coming from two remote regions. Their genomes were similar and all genes showed their close similarity to coxsackieviruses, except for the 3C, 3D and 5′-UTR regions, where they were most similar to poliovirus 1 and 2, suggesting recombination. Recombination events were found between these strains, poliovirus 1 and 2 and EV-C99. It is possible that the same EV-C species circulated in both humans and apes in different regions in the Congo, which must be confirmed in other investigations. In addition, other studies are needed to further investigate the circulation and genetic diversity of enteroviruses in the great ape population, to draw a definitive conclusion on the different species and types of enteroviruses circulating in the Republic of Congo.

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