scholarly journals Radially-patterned cell behaviours during tube budding from an epithelium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara E. Sanchez-Corrales ◽  
Guy B. Blanchard ◽  
Katja Röper
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Morphogenetic Process ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Pit Cells ◽  
Epithelial Sheets

AbstractThe budding of tubular organs from flat epithelial sheets is a vital morphogenetic process. Cell behaviours that drive such processes are only starting to be unraveled. Using live imaging and novel morphometric methods we show that in addition to apical constriction, radially oriented directional intercalation of placodal cells plays a major contribution to the early stages of invagination of the salivary gland tube in the Drosophila embryo. Extending analyses in 3D, we find that near the pit of invagination, isotropic apical constriction leads to strong cell wedging, and further from the pit cells interleave circumferentially, suggesting apically driven behaviours. Supporting this, junctional myosin is enriched in, and neighbour exchanges biased towards the circumferential orientation. In a mutant failing pit specification, neither are biased due to an inactive pit. Thus, tube budding depends on a radially polarised pattern of apical myosin leading to radially oriented 3D cell behaviours, with a close mechanical interplay between invagination and intercalation.

scholarly journals Radially patterned cell behaviours during tube budding from an epithelium

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara E Sanchez-Corrales ◽  
Guy B Blanchard ◽  
Katja Röper
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Morphogenetic Process ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Pit Cells ◽  
Epithelial Sheets

The budding of tubular organs from flat epithelial sheets is a vital morphogenetic process. Cell behaviours that drive such processes are only starting to be unraveled. Using live-imaging and novel morphometric methods, we show that in addition to apical constriction, radially oriented directional intercalation of cells plays a major contribution to early stages of invagination of the salivary gland tube in the Drosophila embryo. Extending analyses in 3D, we find that near the pit of invagination, isotropic apical constriction leads to strong cell-wedging. Further from the pit cells interleave circumferentially, suggesting apically driven behaviours. Supporting this, junctional myosin is enriched in, and neighbour exchanges are biased towards the circumferential orientation. In a mutant failing pit specification, neither are biased due to an inactive pit. Thus, tube budding involves radially patterned pools of apical myosin, medial as well as junctional, and radially patterned 3D-cell behaviours, with a close mechanical interplay between invagination and intercalation.

Dual Sympathetic Input into Developing Salivary Glands

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H.N. Teshima ◽  
A.S. Tucker ◽  
S.V. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Explant Culture ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Gland Development

Neuronal signaling is known to be required for salivary gland development, with parasympathetic nerves interacting with the surrounding tissues from early stages to maintain a progenitor cell population and control morphogenesis. In contrast, postganglionic sympathetic nerves arrive late in salivary gland development to perform a secretory function; however, no previous report has shown their role during development. Here, we show that a subset of neuronal cells within the parasympathetic submandibular ganglion (PSG) express the catecholaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in developing murine and human submandibular glands. This sympathetic phenotype coincided with the expression of transcription factor Hand2 within the PSG from the bud stage (E12.5) of mouse embryonic salivary gland development. Hand2 was previously associated with the decision of neural crest cells to become sympathetic in other systems, suggesting a role in controlling neuronal fate in the salivary gland. The PSG therefore provides a population of TH-expressing neurons prior to the arrival of the postganglionic sympathetic axons from the superior cervical ganglion at E15.5. In culture, in the absence of nerves from the superior cervical ganglion, these PSG-derived TH neurons were clearly evident forming a network around the gland. Chemical ablation of dopamine receptors in explant culture with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine at early stages of gland development resulted in specific loss of the TH-positive neurons from the PSG, and subsequent branching was inhibited. Taken altogether, these results highlight for the first time the detailed developmental time course of TH-expressing neurons during murine salivary gland development and suggest a role for these neurons in branching morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Cell polarity determinant Dlg1 facilitates epithelial invagination by promoting tissue-scale mechanical coordination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Andrea Fuentes ◽  
Bing He
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Cortical Actin ◽  
Multilayered Structures ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Apical Domain ◽  
Epithelial Sheets ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

Epithelial folding mediated by apical constriction serves as a fundamental mechanism to convert flat epithelial sheets into multilayered structures. It remains elusive whether additional mechanical inputs are required for folding mediated by apical constriction. Using Drosophila mesoderm invagination as a model, we identified an important role for the non-constricting, lateral mesodermal cells adjacent to the constriction domain ("flanking cells") in facilitating epithelial folding. We found that depletion of the basolateral determinant, Dlg1, disrupts the transition between apical constriction and invagination without affecting the rate of apical constriction. Strikingly, the observed delay in invagination is associated with ineffective apical myosin contractions in the flanking cells that lead to overstretching of their apical domain. The defects in the flanking cells impede ventral-directed movement of the lateral ectoderm, suggesting reduced mechanical coupling between tissues. Specifically disrupting the flanking cells in wildtype embryos by laser ablation or optogenetic depletion of cortical actin is sufficient to delay the apical constriction-to-invagination transition. Our findings indicate that effective mesoderm invagination requires intact flanking cells and suggest a role for tissue-scale mechanical coupling during epithelial folding.

scholarly journals Regulation of apical constriction via microtubule- and Rab11-dependent apical transport during tissue invagination

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1033-1047
Author(s):  
Thao Phuong Le ◽  
SeYeon Chung
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Epithelial Tube ◽  
Cellular Forces

During tissue invagination, contractile actomyosin structures generate the cellular forces that drive apical constriction. Using the Drosophila embryonic salivary gland as a model for epithelial tube formation, we show that microtubule- and Rab11-dependent apical transport is critical for regulating actomyosin networks during invagination.

Early Genes Required for Salivary Gland Fate Determination and Morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Myat ◽  
D.D. Isaac ◽  
D.J. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Secretory Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Salivary Duct ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Cell Internalization ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Gland Morphogenesis

Studies of Drosophila salivary gland formation have elucidated the regulatory pathway by which the salivary gland fate is determined and the morphogenetic processes by which the primordial cells are internalized to form the tubular glands. Both the position of the salivary primordia and the number of cells recruited to a salivary gland fate are established through a combination of the localized expression of the transcription factors SEX COMBS REDUCED (SCR), TEASHIRT (TSH) and ABDOMINAL-B (ABD-B), and localized DPP-signaling. Similarly, the distinction between the two major cell types, duct and secretory, is determined by spatially limited EGF-signaling. Salivary gland formation also requires the function of two transcription factors expressed in nearly all cells of the developing embryo, EXTRADENTICLE (EXD) and HOMOTHORAX (HTH). Once the salivary gland fate is determined, cells of the secretory primordia are internalized by an apical constriction mode of invagination. We have characterized three genes encoding transcription factors, trachealess (trh), hückebein (hkb), and fork head (fkh), that are downstream targets of the salivary gland regulators. Mutations in these transcription factors profoundly affect salivary gland morphogenesis. trh is required for the formation of the salivary duct tubes. hkb determines the order of secretory cell invagination, a regulated process critical for determining the final shape of the salivary gland. fkh has two early roles in salivary gland formation. fkh both promotes secretory cell survival and facilitates secretory cell internalization. trh, hkb, and fkh are involved in the formation of not only the salivary duct and secretory tubes, but also of other tubular structures, such as the trachea and the gut endoderm. We propose that trh, hkb, and fkh may serve as "morphogenetic cassettes" responsible for forming tubular structures in a variety of tissues.

FRI0296 Diagnostic performance of salivary gland ultrasonography in the early stages of pss in a real-life clinical setting

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A474.3-A475
Author(s):  
N. Luciano ◽  
C. Baldini ◽  
R. Pascale ◽  
F. Sernissi ◽  
D. Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Early Stages

scholarly journals A release-and-capture mechanism generates an essential non-centrosomal microtubule array during tube budding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Gillard ◽  
Gemma Girdler ◽  
Katja Röper
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Microtubule Nucleation ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Microtubule Array ◽  
Microtubule Severing ◽  
Capture Mechanism ◽  
Nucleation Activity

AbstractNon-centrosomal microtubule arrays serve crucial functions in cells, yet the mechanisms of their generation are poorly understood. During budding of the epithelial tubes of the salivary glands in the Drosophila embryo, we previously demonstrated that the activity of pulsatile apical-medial actomyosin depends on a longitudinal non-centrosomal microtubule array. Here we uncover that the exit from the last embryonic division cycle of the epidermal cells of the salivary gland placode leads to the mother centrosome in the cells losing all microtubule-nucleation capacity. This restriction of nucleation activity to the daughter centrosome is key for proper morphogenesis. Furthermore, the microtubule-severing protein Katanin and the minus-end-binding protein Patronin accumulate in an apical-medial position only in placodal cells. Loss of either in the placode prevents formation of the longitudinal microtubule array and leads to loss of apical-medial actomyosin and apical constriction. We thus propose a mechanism whereby Katanin-severing at the single active centrosome releases microtubule minus-ends that are then anchored by apical-medial Patronin to promote formation of the longitudinal microtubule array crucial for apical constriction and tube formation.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

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