scholarly journals BgTEP: an antiprotease involved in innate immune sensing in Biomphalaria glabrata

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Portet ◽  
Richard Galinier ◽  
Silvain Pinaud ◽  
Julien Portela ◽  
Fanny Nowacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Differential Expression Pattern ◽  
Immune Challenges ◽  
Immune Sensing ◽  
Innate Immune Sensing ◽  
Genomic Organisation

AbstractInsect Thioester-containing protein (iTEP) is the most recently defined group among the TEP superfamily. TEPs are key components of the immune system, and iTEPs from flies and mosquitoes were shown to be major immune weapons. Initially characterised from insects, TEP genes homologous to iTEP were further described from several other invertebrates including arthropods, cniderians and mollusks albeit with few functional characterisations. In the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata, a vector of the schistosomiasis disease, the presence of a TEP protein (BgTEP) was previously described in a well-defined immune complex involving snail lectins (FREP) and schistosome parasite mucins (SmPoMuc).To investigate the potential role of BgTEP in the immune response of the snail, we first characterised its genomic organisation and its predicted protein structure. A phylogenetic analysis clustered BgTEP in a well-conserved subgroup of mollusk TEP. We then investigated the BgTEP expression profile in different snail tissues, and followed immune challenges using different kinds of intruders during infection kinetics. Results revealed that BgTEP is particularly expressed in hemocytes, the immune-specialised cells in invertebrates, and is secreted into the hemolymph. Transcriptomic results further evidenced an intruder-dependent differential expression pattern of BgTEP whilst interactome experiments showed that BgTEP is capable of binding to the surface of different microbes and parasite either in its full length form or in processed forms.Through this work, we report the first characterisation of a snail TEP. Our study also reveals that BgTEP may display an unexpected functional dual-role. In addition to its previously characterised anti-protease activity, we demonstrate that BgTEP can bind to the intruder surface membrane, which supports a likely opsonin role.

scholarly journals IRF3 prevents colorectal tumorigenesis via inhibiting the nuclear translocation of β-catenin

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Tian ◽  
Xiumei Wang ◽  
Jihong Sun ◽  
Wenlong Lin ◽  
Lumin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Prognosis Marker ◽  
Immune Sensing ◽  
Innate Immune Sensing

AbstractOccurrence of Colorectal cancer (CRC) is relevant with gut microbiota. However, role of IRF3, a key signaling mediator in innate immune sensing, has been barely investigated in CRC. Here, we unexpectedly found that the IRF3 deficient mice are hyper-susceptible to the development of intestinal tumor in AOM/DSS and Apcmin/+ models. Genetic ablation of IRF3 profoundly promotes the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells via aberrantly activating Wnt signaling. Mechanically, IRF3 in resting state robustly associates with the active β-catenin in the cytoplasm, thus preventing its nuclear translocation and cell proliferation, which can be relieved upon microbe-induced activation of IRF3. In accordance, the survival of CRC is clinically correlated with the expression level of IRF3. Therefore, our study identifies IRF3 as a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and a potential prognosis marker for Wnt-related tumorigenesis, and describes an intriguing link between gut microbiota and CRC via the IRF3-β-catenin axis.

scholarly journals BgTEP: An Antiprotease Involved in Innate Immune Sensing in Biomphalaria glabrata

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Portet ◽  
Richard Galinier ◽  
Silvain Pinaud ◽  
Julien Portela ◽  
Fanny Nowacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Sensing ◽  
Innate Immune Sensing

Spermatogenesis and the role of Sertoli cells in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata

1977 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke de Jong-Brink ◽  
H. H. Boer ◽  
T. G. Hommes ◽  
A. Kodde
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Freshwater Snail

Role of the Cilia Membrane in Control of Microtubule Sliding

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 612-615
Author(s):  
Edna S. Kaneshiro
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Ciliary Membrane ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Ciliary Reversal ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Reversal Mechanism ◽  
And Function

It is currently believed that ciliary beating results from microtubule sliding which is restricted in regions to cause bending. Cilia beat can be modified to bring about changes in beat frequency, cessation of beat and reversal in beat direction. In ciliated protozoans these modifications which determine swimming behavior have been shown to be related to intracellular (intraciliary) Ca2+ concentrations. The Ca2+ levels are in turn governed by the surface ciliary membrane which exhibits increased Ca2+ conductance (permeability) in response to depolarization. Mutants with altered behaviors have been isolated. Pawn mutants fail to exhibit reversal of the effective stroke of ciliary beat and therefore cannot swim backward. They lack the increased inward Ca2+ current in response to depolarizing stimuli. Both normal and pawn Paramecium made leaky to Ca2+ by Triton extrac¬tion of the surface membrane exhibit backward swimming only in reactivating solutions containing greater than IO-6 M Ca2+ Thus in pawns the ciliary reversal mechanism itself is left operational and only the control mechanism at the membrane is affected. The topographic location of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels has been identified as a component of the ciliary mem¬brane since the inward Ca2+ conductance response is eliminated by deciliation and the return of the response occurs during cilia regeneration. Since the ciliary membrane has been impli¬cated in the control of Ca2+ levels in the cilium and therefore is the site of at least one kind of control of microtubule sliding, we have focused our attention on understanding the structure and function of the membrane.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

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