scholarly journals Polychrome: Creating and Assessing Qualitative Palettes With Many Colors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Coombes ◽  
Guy Brock ◽  
Zachary B. Abrams ◽  
Lynne V. Abruzzo
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
Continuous Data ◽  
Spectral Karyotyping ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
History Of

AbstractAlthough R includes numerous tools for creating color palettes to display continuous data, facilities for displaying categorical data primarily use the RColorBrewer package, which is, by default, limited to 12 colors. The colorspace package can produce more colors, but it is not immediately clear how to use it to produce colors that can be reliably distingushed in different kinds of plots. However, applications to genomics would be enhanced by the ability to display at least the 24 human chromosomes in distinct colors, as is common in technologies like spectral karyotyping. In this article, we describe the Polychrome package, which can be used to construct palettes with at least 24 colors that can be distinguished by most people with normal color vision. Polychrome includes a variety of visualization methods allowing users to evaluate the proposed palettes. In addition, we review the history of attempts to construct qualitative color palettes with many colors.

Linkage of genetic markers on human chromosomes 20 and 12 to NIDDM in Caucasian sib pairs with a history of diabetic nephropathy

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Bowden ◽  
M. Sale ◽  
T. D. Howard ◽  
A. Qadri ◽  
B. J. Spray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sib Pairs

Color-blindness simulation for red-green and blue-yellow ambiguity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sheida Anbari ◽  
Hamid Reza Hamidi ◽  
Shokoh Kermanshahani
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Color Vision Test

Color blindness has important effects on people’s daily activities, since most activities require a discernment between colors. It is very important for engineers and designers to understand how colorblind people perceive colors. Therefore, many methods have been proposed to simulate color perception of people affected by Dichromacy and anomalous Trichromacy. However, the simulation results rarely have been evaluated with the reports of concerned individuals. In first study, we tried to simulate the color perception of people with different types (red and green) and different degrees of color blindness. Different degrees of red-green deficiency is simulated on the 24-plates brand of the Ishihara color vision test kit. Then simulated plates were tested on people with normal color vision. The results show that the simulation performance is better in the case of high degrees of red-green deficiency. There is also a clear difference between the assessment of female and male volunteers. In another study, the perception of the color of people with blue-yellow blindness is also considered. The proposed blue-yellow blind simulation is compared with the result of another research project. The results show that the color perception of individuals with different degrees of blue-yellow blindness can be reconstructed with a reasonable accuracy.

2005 Verriest Medal awarded to Professor John D. Mollon

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. ii-ii
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Visual Neuroscience ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Color Vision Tests ◽  
Spectral Coding ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The International Colour Vision Society awarded the 2005 Verriest Medal to John D. Mollon, Professor of Visual Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge, UK. This award is bestowed by the Society to honor long-term contributions to the field of color vision. If the field of color vision were itself a rainbow, then Professor Mollon's contributions cover nearly its full spectrum, including the isolation and elucidation of basic chromatic coding mechanisms and the constraints that they impose on human (and more generally primate) visual performance, the genetic basis of spectral coding mechanisms, the ecological influences on and evolutionary origins of chromatic discrimination. He has been instrumental in the design of several new color vision tests and has extensively exploited abnormal models, both congenital and acquired, to further our understanding of normal mechanisms. He is especially appreciated for his keen and profound sense of the history of science, in particular with respect to the field of color vision. He has been a member of the society for over 25 years and is currently serving on its board of directors. He organized the 2001 ICVS meeting in Cambridge, celebrating the bicentennial of Thomas Young's lecture on color vision.

On Knowing Books by Their Colors

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Boynton ◽  
Stanley Dolensky
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Abstract Stimulus ◽  
Color Cues ◽  
Stimulus Materials ◽  
Search And Recognition ◽  
Better Than

In a search and recognition task utilizing real-world objects, the usefulness of color cues is observed to depend upon the availability of alphanumeric information. Following a 45-sec. inspection of a randomly selected collection of 17 books, spread on a table with their titles exposed, subjects were asked to identify as many of these as possible during a test period beginning 3 min. later in which 17 decoys were also present. Some subjects wore glasses with red filters during the test and inspection periods. The color blindness thereby introduced did not impair their performance in comparison with control subjects who were able to utilize normal color vision. Moreover, the introduction of color during the test period impaired the performance of subjects who had been deprived of color cues during inspection. It was concluded that subjects paid attention mostly to book titles and for that reason did not use other cues, including color, to much advantage. In a second experiment, where titles were obscured, subjects with normal color vision performed much better than those who were made color blind during the inspection or test periods. The results of both experiments are generally consistent with predictions based on experiments which have used abstract stimulus materials.

Variations in normal color vision II Unique hues

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Webster ◽  
Eriko Miyahara ◽  
Gokhan Malkoc ◽  
Vincent E. Raker
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Unique Hues

Evaluating Measurement Invariance in Categorical Data Latent Variable Models with the EPC-Interest

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Oberski ◽  
Jeroen K. Vermunt ◽  
Guy B. D. Moors
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Latent Variable Models ◽  
Continuous Data ◽  
External Variable ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Many variables crucial to the social sciences are not directly observed but instead are latent and measured indirectly. When an external variable of interest affects this measurement, estimates of its relationship with the latent variable will then be biased. Such violations of “measurement invariance” may, for example, confound true differences across countries in postmaterialism with measurement differences. To deal with this problem, researchers commonly aim at “partial measurement invariance” that is, to account for those differences that may be present and important. To evaluate this importance directly through sensitivity analysis, the “EPC-interest” was recently introduced for continuous data. However, latent variable models in the social sciences often use categorical data. The current paper therefore extends the EPC-interest to latent variable models for categorical data and demonstrates its use in example analyses of U.S. Senate votes as well as respondent rankings of postmaterialism values in the World Values Study.

More than three different cone pigments among people with normal color vision

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Neitz ◽  
Maureen Neitz ◽  
Gerald H. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Cone Pigments

Color Preference as a Function of Background and Illumination

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hopson ◽  
Rosemary Cogan ◽  
Carole Batson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Illumination Intensity ◽  
Background Illumination ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Preference Orders ◽  
Background Brightness

90 students with normal color vision reported color preferences for 10 3-in. X 5-in. Munsell papers with a Munsell value/chroma of 5/6 on white, gray, or black backgrounds with a 5-in. X 7-in. visual field exposed for 2-sec. intervals. Colors of short wave lengths tended to be preferred. Preferences for colors were less extreme when colors were viewed on a black background. Illumination intensity did not reliably affect color preferences. The importance of evaluating the extent of preference differences between colors adjacent in preference orders was discussed. Background brightness and illumination did not clearly resolve differences in preference orders found in earlier studies, and the possible influence of other stimulus variables was discussed.

Preferred memory color difference between the deuteranomalous and normal color vision

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
YeSeul Baek ◽  
Youngshin Kwak ◽  
Sungjoo Woo ◽  
Chongwook Park
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Normal Color Vision
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