scholarly journals SLC6A4 binding site and acute prosocial effects of (+/-)-3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are evolutionarily conserved in Octopus bimaculoides

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Edsinger ◽  
Gül Dölen
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Approach Behaviors

ABSTRACT:Human and octopus lineages are separated by over 500 million years of evolution, and show divergent anatomical patterns of brain organization. Moreover, while humans exhibit highly complex social behaviors, octopuses are thought to be largely asocial and solitary. Despite these differences, growing evidence suggests that ancient neurotransmitter systems are shared across vertebrate and invertebrate species, and in many cases enable overlapping functions. Here we provide evidence that, as in humans, the atypical amphetamine derivative (+/-)-3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) enhances acute prosocial behaviors in Octopus bimaculoides. This finding is paralleled by the evolutionary conservation of the serotonin transporter (SERT, encoded by the Slc6A4 gene) binding site of MDMA in the O. bimaculoides genome. Taken together, these data provide evidence that the neural mechanisms subserving social behaviors exist in O. bimaculoides, and indicate that the role of serotonergic neurotransmission in regulating social behaviors is evolutionarily conserved.ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:Here we provide evidence that the atypical amphetamine derivative (+/-)-3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) increases acute social approach behaviors in Octopus bimaculoides, a finding that is paralleled by the evolutionary conservation of the SLC6A4 binding site of MDMA.

Insights into biological functions across species: examining the role of Rab proteins in YIP1 family function

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Z. Chen ◽  
R.N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Rab Proteins ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Human Homologue ◽  
Family Function ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

The YIP1 family comprises an evolutionarily conserved group of membrane proteins, which share the ability to bind di-prenylated Rab proteins. The biochemical capability of YIP1 family proteins suggests a possible role in the cycle of physical localization of Rab proteins between their cognate membranes and the cytosol. YIP1 is essential for viability in yeast and a deletion of YIP1 can be rescued with the human homologue YIP1A. We have made use of this evolutionary conservation of function to generate a series of mutant alleles of YIP1 to investigate the biological role of Yip1p. Our findings indicate evidence for the participation of Yip1p in both Rab and COPII protein function; at present, we are not able to distinguish between the models that these roles represent, i.e. independent or dependent activities of Yip1p.

Structural stability of the cofactor binding site in Escherichia coli serine hydroxymethyltransferase - the role of evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic contacts

FEBS Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (24) ◽  
pp. 7319-7328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Florio ◽  
Roberta Chiaraluce ◽  
Valerio Consalvi ◽  
Alessandro Paiardini ◽  
Bruno Catacchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase ◽  
Cofactor Binding ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

scholarly journals The architecture of the centriole cartwheel-containing region revealed by cryo-electron tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Klena ◽  
Maeva Le Guennec ◽  
Anne-Marie Tassin ◽  
Hugo van den Hoek ◽  
Philipp S. Erdmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Single Bundle ◽  
The Core ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Cryo Electron Tomography ◽  
Radial Spokes ◽  
Base Structure

AbstractCentrioles are evolutionarily conserved barrels of microtubule triplets that form the core of the centrosome and the base of the cilium. In the proximal region of the centriole, nine microtubule triplets attach to each other via A-C linkers and encircle a central cartwheel structure, which directs the early events of centriole assembly. While the crucial role of the proximal region in centriole biogenesis has been well documented in many species, its native architecture and evolutionary conservation remain relatively unexplored. Here, using cryo-electron tomography of centrioles from four evolutionarily distant species, including humans, we report on the architectural diversity of the centriolar proximal cartwheel-bearing region. Our work reveals that the cartwheel central hub, previously reported to have an 8.5 nm periodicity in Trichonympha, is constructed from a stack of paired rings with an average periodicity of ∼4 nm. In all four examined species, cartwheel inner densities are found inside the hub’s ring-pairs. In both Paramecium and Chlamydomonas, the repeating structural unit of the cartwheel has a periodicity of 25 nm and consists of three ring-pairs with 6 radial spokes emanating and merging into a single bundle that connects to the triplet microtubule via the pinhead. Finally, we identified that the cartwheel is indirectly connected to the A-C linker through a flexible triplet-base structure extending from the pinhead. Together, our work provides unprecedented evolutionary insights into the architecture of the centriole proximal region, which underlies centriole biogenesis.

scholarly journals An evolutionarily conserved enzyme degrades transforming growth factor-alpha as well as insulin.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1301-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J V Garcia ◽  
B D Gehm ◽  
M R Rosner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Alpha ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Single Enzyme

A single enzyme found in both Drosophila and mammalian cells is able to selectively bind and degrade transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and insulin, but not EGF, at physiological concentrations. These growth factors are also able to inhibit binding and degradation of one another by the enzyme. Although there are significant immunological differences between the mammalian and Drosophila enzymes, the substrate specificity has been highly conserved. These results demonstrate the existence of a selective TGF-alpha-degrading enzyme in both Drosophila and mammalian cells. The evolutionary conservation of the ability to degrade both insulin and TGF-alpha suggests that this property is important for the physiological role of the enzyme and its potential for regulating growth factor levels.

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

Cell-specific regulation of IRS-1 gene expression: role of E box and C/EBP binding site in HepG2 cells and CHO cells

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Matsuda ◽  
E. Araki ◽  
R. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Tsuruzoe ◽  
N. Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
E Box ◽  
Specific Regulation
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