scholarly journals Socioeconomic status of indigenous peoples with active tuberculosis in Brazil: a principal components analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís P. Freitas ◽  
Reinaldo Souza-Santos ◽  
Ida V. Kolte ◽  
Jocieli Malacarne ◽  
Paulo C. Basta
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACTIndigenous people usually live in precarious conditions and suffer a disproportionally burden of tuberculosis in Brazil. To characterize the socioeconomic status of indigenous peoples with active tuberculosis in Brazil, this cross-sectional study included all Amerindians that started tuberculosis treatment between March 2011 and December 2012 in four municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul state (Central-Western region). We tested the approach using principal components analysis (PCA) to create three socioeconomic indexes (SEI) using groups of variables: household characteristics, ownership of durable goods, and both. Cases were then classified into tertiles, with the 1st tertile representing the most disadvantaged. A total of 166 indigenous cases of tuberculosis were included. 31.9% did not have durable goods. 25.9% had family bathroom, 9.0% piped water inside the house and 53.0% electricity, with higher proportions in Miranda and Aquidauana. Houses were predominantly made using natural materials in Amambai and Caarapó. Miranda and Aquidauana had more cases in the 3rd tertile (92.3%) and Amambai, in the 1st tertile (37.7%). The indexes showed similar results and consistency for socioeconomic characterization. The percentage of people in the 3rd tertile increased with years of schooling. The majority in the 3rd tertile received Bolsa Família, a social welfare programme. This study confirmed the applicability of the PCA using information on household characteristics and ownership of durable goods for socioeconomic characterization of indigenous groups and provided important evidence of the unfavorable living conditions of Amerindians with tuberculosis in Mato Grosso do Sul.

scholarly journals Principal components analysis of the chemical attributes of the soil of a preserved Cerrado fragment

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Danielle Da Silva Batista ◽  
Jonathan Willian Zangeski Novais ◽  
Susana Pacheco Pereira ◽  
Roberta Daniela de Souza Lauxen da Silva ◽  
Thiago Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The number of studies on the importance of Cerrado soil to biogeochemical cycles is growing, with this being the focus of most research in the Cerrado biome. The objective of this research was to verify the correlation among different chemical attributes of the soil in a Cerrado fragment located in Mãe Bonifácia Park, in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil, using principal components analysis. For this study, five soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth monthly from August 2015 to July 2016. After the collection and identification of the soil, chemical analyses were performed to determine the following chemical characteristics of the soil: organic matter (OM), base saturation (V%), sum of bases (SB), cation exchange capacity (CTC), pH, and concentrations of H+, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, P, S, Cu, Mn2+, Mg2+, Zn, Fe2+ and B3+. The soil was characterized as acidic, which is typical for Cerrado soils, although some chemical elements were found in high concentrations. After the analysis of principal components, it was possible to reduce the seventeen original variables to four principal components that represented 88.86% of the total variation of the data. In which the first main component explained 41.18%, the second component explained 28.39%, the third 11.29% and the fourth explained 7.98%. Based on this analysis, it was identified that the chemical attributes such as the sum of base (SB), organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CTC), calcium (Ca2+), saturation (V%) and pH represented the greater data variance.

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

Assamese vowels and vowel harmony

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-183
Author(s):  
Diana B. Archangeli ◽  
Jonathan Yip
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Apparent Loss ◽  
Root Position ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Open Question

AbstractBased on impressionistic and acoustic data, Assamese is described as having a phonological tongue root harmony system, with blocking by certain phonological configurations and over-application in certain morphological contexts. This study explores physical properties of the patterns using ultrasonic imaging to determine whether the impressionistic descriptions match what speakers actually do. Principal components analysis (PCA) determines that most participants produce a contrast in tongue root position in the appropriate contexts, though there is less of an impact on tongue root with greater distance from the triggering vowel. Analysis uses the root mean squared distance (RMSD) calculation to determine whether both blocking and over-application take effect. The blocking results conform to the impressionistic descriptions. With over-application, [e] and [o] are expected; while some speakers clearly produce these vowels, others articulate a vowel that is indeterminant between the expected [e]/[o] and an unexpected [ɛ]/[ɔ]. No speaker consistently showed the expected tongue root position in all contexts, and some speakers appeared to have lost the contrast entirely, yet all are considered to be speakers of the same dialect of Assamese. Whether this (apparent) loss is a consequence of crude research methodologies or accurately reflects what is happening within the language community remains an open question.

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