scholarly journals The Claustrum Coordinates Cortical Slow-Wave Activity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiya Narikiyo ◽  
Rumiko Mizuguchi ◽  
Ayako Ajima ◽  
Sachiko Mitsui ◽  
Momoko Shiozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Line ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurons

AbstractDuring sleep and awake rest, the neocortex generates large-scale slow-wave activity. Here we report that the claustrum, a poorly understood subcortical neural structure, coordinates neocortical slow-wave generation. We established a transgenic mouse line allowing genetic and electrophysiological interrogation of a subpopulation of claustral glutamatergic neurons. These claustral excitatory neurons received inputs from glutamatergic neurons in a large neocortical network. Optogenetic activation of claustral neurons in vitro induced excitatory post-synaptic responses in most neocortical neurons, but elicited action potentials primarily in inhibitory interneurons. Optogenetic activation of claustral neurons in vivo induced a Down-state featuring a prolonged silencing of neural acticity in all layers of many cortical areas, followed by a globally synchronized Down-to-Up state transition. These results demonstrate a crucial role of the claustrum in synchronizing inhibitory interneurons across the neocortex for spatiotemporal coordination of brain state. Thus, the claustrum is a major subcortical hub for the synchronization of neocortical slow-wave activity.

scholarly journals Input zone-selective dysrhythmia in motor thalamus after dopamine depletion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouichi C. Nakamura ◽  
Andrew Sharott ◽  
Takuma Tanaka ◽  
Peter J. Magill
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Beta Oscillations ◽  
Motor Thalamus

AbstractThe cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and motor thalamus form circuits important for purposeful movement. In Parkinsonism, basal ganglia neurons often exhibit dysrhythmic activity during, and with respect to, the slow (∼1 Hz) and beta-band (15–30 Hz) oscillations that emerge in cortex in a brain state-dependent manner. There remains, however, a pressing need to elucidate the extent to which motor thalamus activity becomes similarly dysrhythmic after dopamine depletion relevant to Parkinsonism. To address this, we recorded single-neuron and ensemble outputs in the ‘basal ganglia-recipient zone’ (BZ) and ‘cerebellar-recipient zone’ (CZ) of motor thalamus in anesthetized male dopamine-intact rats and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats during two brain states, respectively defined by cortical slow-wave activity and activation. Two forms of thalamic input zone-selective dysrhythmia manifested after dopamine depletion: First, BZ neurons, but not CZ neurons, exhibited abnormal phase-shifted firing with respect to cortical slow oscillations prevalent during slow-wave activity; secondly, BZ neurons, but not CZ neurons, inappropriately synchronized their firing and engaged with the exaggerated cortical beta oscillations arising in activated states. These dysrhythmias were not accompanied by the thalamic hypoactivity predicted by canonical firing rate-based models of circuit organization in Parkinsonism. Complementary recordings of neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata suggested their altered activity dynamics could underpin the BZ dysrhythmias. Finally, pharmacological perturbations demonstrated that ongoing activity in the motor thalamus bolsters exaggerated beta oscillations in motor cortex. We conclude that BZ neurons are selectively primed to mediate the detrimental influences of abnormal slow and beta-band rhythms on circuit information processing in Parkinsonism.

scholarly journals Synaptic refinement during development and its effect on slow-wave activity: a computational study

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 2199-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Hoel ◽  
Larissa Albantakis ◽  
Chiara Cirelli ◽  
Giulio Tononi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Slow Wave Activity

Recent evidence suggests that synaptic refinement, the reorganization of synapses and connections without significant change in their number or strength, is important for the development of the visual system of juvenile rodents. Other evidence in rodents and humans shows that there is a marked drop in sleep slow-wave activity (SWA) during adolescence. Slow waves reflect synchronous transitions of neuronal populations between active and inactive states, and the amount of SWA is influenced by the connection strength and organization of cortical neurons. In this study, we investigated whether synaptic refinement could account for the observed developmental drop in SWA. To this end, we employed a large-scale neural model of primary visual cortex and sections of the thalamus, capable of producing realistic slow waves. In this model, we reorganized intralaminar connections according to experimental data on synaptic refinement: during prerefinement, local connections between neurons were homogenous, whereas in postrefinement, neurons connected preferentially to neurons with similar receptive fields and preferred orientations. Synaptic refinement led to a drop in SWA and to changes in slow-wave morphology, consistent with experimental data. To test whether learning can induce synaptic refinement, intralaminar connections were equipped with spike timing-dependent plasticity. Oriented stimuli were presented during a learning period, followed by homeostatic synaptic renormalization. This led to activity-dependent refinement accompanied again by a decline in SWA. Together, these modeling results show that synaptic refinement can account for developmental changes in SWA. Thus sleep SWA may be used to track noninvasively the reorganization of cortical connections during development.

Sa1640 NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF SMALL BOWEL SLOW WAVE ACTIVITY IN NEONATES - A PILOT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-364
Author(s):  
Suseela Somarajan ◽  
Nicole D. Muszynski ◽  
Aurelia s. Monk ◽  
Joseph D. Olson ◽  
Alexandra Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Noninvasive Measurement

Slow Wave Activity Related to Working Memory Maintenance in the N-Back Task

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Bailey ◽  
Gregory Mlynarczyk ◽  
Robert West
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Back Task

Abstract. Working memory supports our ability to maintain goal-relevant information that guides cognition in the face of distraction or competing tasks. The N-back task has been widely used in cognitive neuroscience to examine the functional neuroanatomy of working memory. Fewer studies have capitalized on the temporal resolution of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to examine the time course of neural activity in the N-back task. The primary goal of the current study was to characterize slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval in the N-back task that may be related to maintenance of information between trials in the task. In three experiments, we examined the effects of N-back load, interference, and response accuracy on the amplitude of the P3b following stimulus onset and slow wave activity elicited in the response-to-stimulus interval. Consistent with previous research, the amplitude of the P3b decreased as N-back load increased. Slow wave activity over the frontal and posterior regions of the scalp was sensitive to N-back load and was insensitive to interference or response accuracy. Together these findings lead to the suggestion that slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval is related to the maintenance of information between trials in the 1-back task.

scholarly journals Electroencephalogram During Sleep in the Cat: Age Effects on Slow-Wave Activity

SLEEP ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Scott Bowersox ◽  
Tom Floyd ◽  
William C. Dement
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Slow Wave Activity

Spatial intralobar correlation of spike and slow wave activity localisations in focal epilepsies: A MEG analysis

NeuroImage ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1466-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaltenhäuser ◽  
G. Scheler ◽  
S. Rampp ◽  
A. Paulini ◽  
H. Stefan
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity

Reduced Verbal Learning Associated With Posterior Temporal Lobe Slow Wave Activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Foster ◽  
David W. Harrison ◽  
Gregory P. Crucian ◽  
Valeria Drago ◽  
Robert D. Rhodes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity
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