scholarly journals Wheat shovelomics II: Revealing relationships between root crown traits and crop growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaunagh Slack ◽  
Larry M. York ◽  
Yadgar Roghazai ◽  
Jonathan Lynch ◽  
Malcolm Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Nodal Root Angle ◽  
Crown Traits

AbstractOptimization of root system architecture represents an important goal in wheat breeding. Adopting new field methods for root phenotyping is key to delivering this goal. A novel ‘shovelomics’ method was applied for phenotyping root crown traits to characterize the Savannah x Rialto doubled-haploid (DH) population in two field experiments under irrigated and rain-fed conditions. Trait validation was carried out through soil coring on a subset of 14 DH lines and the two parents. We observed that drought reduced grain yield per plant by 21.0%. Under rain-fed conditions, nodal root angle and roots shoot-1 were positively associated with root length density (RLD) at 40-60 cm depth; RLD was also positively correlated with grain yield. Nodal root angle and roots shoot-1 were also positively associated with canopy stay green and grain yield under rain-fed conditions. We conclude that shovelomics is a valuable technique for quantifying genetic variation in nodal root traits in wheat, revealing nodal root angle and root number per shoot provide useful selection criteria in breeding programs aimed at improving drought tolerance in wheat.HighlightNodal root angle and number shoot-1 measured using ‘shovelomics’ were positively associated with root density at depth and yield under drought in a Savanah x Rialto wheat DH population.

Genetic variation in seminal and nodal root angle and their association with grain yield of maize under water-stressed field conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 397 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Liakat Ali ◽  
Jon Luetchens ◽  
Josiel Nascimento ◽  
Timothy M. Shaver ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Nodal Root Angle ◽  
Stressed Field

Genetic Variability and Control of Nodal Root Angle in Sorghum

Crop Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 2011-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Singh ◽  
Erik J. van Oosterom ◽  
David R. Jordan ◽  
Colleen H. Hunt ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nodal Root Angle

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effect of the Mineral Fertilization System on the Nutritional Status of Maize Plants and Grain Yield Prediction

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Renata Gaj ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Idzi Siatkowski ◽  
Hubert Waligóra
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
The Impact

A strict field experiment with maize was carried out in the years 2009–2011 at the Experimental Station of the Poznań University of Life Sciences. The impact of mineral fertilization levels on the nutritional status of plants at an early development stage 5–6 leaves (BBCH 15/16) was assessed, as well as the possibility of using biomass and the current state of nutrient supply to predict grain yield. The adopted assumptions were verified on the basis of field experiments with nine variants of mineral fertilization and two maize varieties (EURALIS Semences, Lescar, France) (ES Palazzo and ES Paroli SG—“stay-green” (SG)). Regardless of the variety tested, the plants were under-nutritioned with calcium and magnesium. Plant nutritional status and the accumulation of minerals at the BBCH 15/16 stage were the main factors determining the variability of maize grain yields. In addition, it was shown that maize biomass in the BBCH 15/16 stage, calcium content and the N:K ratio significantly determined grain yield of traditional variety. The yield of the “stay-green” hybrid was largely shaped by plant biomass in the BBCH 15/16 stage, potassium, calcium, magnesium contents and N:Mg ratio. Regression analysis showed that grain yield of the tested maize varieties was determined by plant biomass and its content from 59% to 69%.

scholarly journals Development of a phenotyping platform for high throughput screening of nodal root angle in sorghum

Plant Methods ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh C. Joshi ◽  
Vijaya Singh ◽  
Colleen Hunt ◽  
Emma Mace ◽  
Erik van Oosterom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Nodal Root Angle

scholarly journals Deciphering the Role of Stay-Green Trait to Mitigate Terminal Heat Stress in Bread Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Sadia Latif ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Jahangir Khan ◽  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Sunish Kumar Sehgal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Terminal Heat Stress ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
High Chlorophyll Content

The present study aimed to reveal the impact of the stay-green trait in bread wheat under terminal heat stress. Field experiments (early and late sowing; for two consecutive years) were conducted to investigate the influence of terminal heat stress on the morpho-physiological traits in different stay-green types i.e., non-stay-green, moderately non-stay-green, moderately stay-green, and stay-green. In addition, the greenhouse experiment was performed to dissect the stay-green trait in functional stay-green, non-functional stay-green, and non-stay-green genotypes. The results of the field experiments confirmed that genotypes exhibiting the stay-green trait have a significantly high chlorophyll content, normalized difference vegetative index, grain yield, biological yield, kernel weight, and low canopy temperature under control and heat stress conditions. In the greenhouse experiment, functional stay-green and non-functional stay-green genotypes showed a high chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency, whereas biological yield and grain yield showed a significant relation with the functional stay-green genotype under control and terminal heat stress treatments. The sequencing and expression analysis of chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CaO), light-harvesting complex (Cab), stay-green (SGR), and red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (RCCR) in functional stay-green, non-functional stay-green, and non-stay-green genotypes revealed variations in the exons of CaO and RCCR; and significant difference in the regulation of CaO and Cab at 7 days after anthesis under terminal heat stress. This study confirms that genotypes displaying the stay-green trait can aid wheat breeders to cope with increasing temperature in the impending decades.

scholarly journals QTL for nodal root angle in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) co-locate with QTL for traits associated with drought adaptation

2011 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Mace ◽  
V. Singh ◽  
E. J. Van Oosterom ◽  
G. L. Hammer ◽  
C. H. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Drought Adaptation ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Nodal Root Angle ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Genetic control of nodal root angle in sorghum and its implications on water extraction

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Singh ◽  
Erik J. van Oosterom ◽  
David R. Jordan ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Nodal Root Angle

scholarly journals Genetic Yield Gains and Changes in Morphophysiological-Related Traits of Winter Wheat in Southern Chilean High-Yielding Environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro del Pozo ◽  
Claudio Jobet ◽  
Iván Matus ◽  
Ana María Méndez-Espinoza ◽  
Miguel Garriga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Stay Green

Both the temperate-humid zone and the southern part of the Mediterranean climate region of Chile are characterized by high wheat productivity. Study objectives were to analyze the yield potential, yield progress, and genetic progress of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and changes in agronomic and morphophysiological traits during the past 60 years. Thus, two field experiments: (a) yield potential and (b) yield genetic progress trials were conducted in high-yielding environments of central-southern Chile during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. In addition, yield progress was analyzed using yield historical data of a high-yielding environment from 1957 to 2017. Potential yield trials showed that, at the most favorable sites, grain yield reached ∼20.46 Mg ha–1. The prolonged growing and grain filling period, mild temperatures in December-January, ample water availability, and favorable soil conditions explain this high-potential yield. Yield progress analysis indicated that average grain yield increased from 2.70 Mg ha–1 in 1959 to 12.90 Mg ha–1 in 2017, with a 128.8 kg ha–1 per-year increase due to favorable soil and climatic conditions. For genetic progress trials, genetic gain in grain yield from 1965 to 2019 was 70.20 kg ha–1 (0.49%) per year, representing around 55% of the yield progress. Results revealed that the genetic gains in grain yield were related to increases in biomass partitioning toward reproductive organs, without significant increases in Shoot DW production. In addition, reducing trends in the NDVI, the fraction of intercepted PAR, the intercepted PAR (form emergence to heading), and the RGB-derived vegetation indices with the year of cultivar release were detected. These decreases could be due to the erectophile leaf habit, which enhanced photosynthetic activity, and thus grain yield increased. Also, senescence of bottom canopy leaves (starting from booting) could be involved by decreasing the ability of spectral and RGB-derived vegetation indices to capture the characteristics of green biomass after the booting stage. Contrary, a positive correlation was detected for intercepted PAR from heading to maturity, which could be due to a stay-green mechanism, supported by the trend of positive correlations of Chlorophyll content with the year of cultivar release.

Interference of Three Annual Grasses with Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Smith ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
J. D. Green ◽  
Wan M. Wanyahaya ◽  
David L. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Wide Row Spacing

Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, and Texas panicum were evaluated in field experiments over 3 yr to measure their duration of interference and density on grain sorghum yield. When grain yield data were converted to a percentage of the weed-free control, linear regression predicted a 3.6% yield loss for each week of weed interference regardless of year or grass species. Grain sorghum grown in a narrow (61-cm) row spacing was affected little by full-season interference; however, in wide (91-cm) rows, interference increased as grass density increased. Data from the wide-row spacing were described by linear regression following conversion of grain yield to percentages and weed density to log10. A separate nonlinear model also was derived which could predict the effect of weed density on grain sorghum yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Ridge Tillage and Straw Mulching on Cultivation the Fresh Faba Beans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
Xiaoxu Shi ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Yafeng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Ridge tillage is an effective agronomic practice and a miniature precision agriculture; however, its effects on the growth of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of ridge tillage and straw mulching on the root growth, nutrient accumulation and yield of faba beans. Field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons and comprised four treatments: ridge tillage without any mulching (RT), flat tillage without any mulch (FT), flat tillage with rice straw mulched on the ridge tillage (FTRSM) and ridge tillage with rice straw mulched on the ridge tillage (RTRSM). The RT and RTRSM increased soil temperature and decreased soil humidity and improved soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. RT and RTRSM increased the root length density, root surface area, root diameter and root activity of faba beans at flowering and harvest periods. The RT and RTRSM also increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption and the yield of faba beans. These results indicated that ridge tillage and straw mulching affect faba bean growth by improving soil moisture conditions and providing good air permeability and effective soil nutrition supply. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high yield cultivation improvement of faba beans.

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