scholarly journals Evidence of a common causal relationship between body mass index and inflammatory skin disease: a Mendelian Randomization study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Budu-Aggrey ◽  
Ben Brumpton ◽  
Jess Tyrrell ◽  
Sarah Watkins ◽  
Ellen H Modalsli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

ABSTRACTObjectivePsoriasis and eczema are common inflammatory skin diseases that have been reported to be associated with obesity. However, causality has not yet been established. We aimed to investigate the possible causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and psoriasis or eczema.MethodsFollowing a review of published epidemiological evidence of the association between obesity and either psoriasis or eczema, Mendelian Randomization (MR) was used to test for a causal relationship between BMI and these inflammatory skin conditions. We used a genetic instrument comprising 97 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMI. One-sample MR was conducted using individual-level data (401,508 individuals) from the UK Biobank and the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway. Two-sample MR was performed with summary-level data (731,021 individuals) from published BMI, psoriasis and eczema GWAS. The one-sample and two-sample MR estimates were meta-analysed using a fixed effect model. To explore the reverse causal direction, MR analysis with genetic instruments comprising variants from recent genome-wide analyses for psoriasis and eczema were used to test if inflammatory skin disease has a causal effect on BMI.ResultsPublished observational data show an association of greater BMI with both psoriasis and eczema case status. The observational associations were confirmed in UK Biobank and HUNT datasets. MR analyses provide evidence that higher BMI causally increases the odds of psoriasis (by 53% per 5 units higher BMI; OR= 1.09 (1.06 to 1.12) per 1 kg/m2; P=4.67×10-9) and eczema (by 8% per 5 units higher BMI; OR=1.02 (1.00 to 1.03) per 1 kg/m2; P=0.09). When investigating causality in the opposite direction, MR estimates provide little evidence for an effect of either psoriasis or eczema influencing BMI.ConclusionOur study, using genetic variants as instrumental variables for BMI, shows that higher BMI leads to a higher risk of inflammatory skin disease. The causal relationship was stronger for psoriasis than eczema. Therapies and life-style interventions aimed at controlling BMI or targeting the mechanisms linking obesity with skin inflammation may offer an opportunity for the prevention or treatment of these common skin diseases.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Psoriasis: A Concise Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Silva Rocha ◽  
Lorenna Lemos de Aquino ◽  
Ágda Tamires da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Clarice Paiva de Oliveira ◽  
Lívia Mendes Montoya Lazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Dermatological Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Introduction: The effects on human health caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lead to hyperinflammation processes, which can lead to meta-inflammation. This process can aggravate skin diseases, especially psoriasis. This is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with significant morbidity. This problem affects about 2-3% of people worldwide. Objective: to demonstrate, through a concise systematic review, the main considerations about the relationship between COVID-19 and psoriasis, showing the possible mechanisms for the worsening of this dermatological disease. Methods: The research was carried out from June 2021 to July 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the Systematic Review-PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease and is autoimmune. Patients with COVID-19 may have features of hyper inflammation and even meta-inflammation. The triggering or exacerbating factor of psoriasis may be medications and, in addition, patients with COVID-19 may have psoriasis exacerbation. Reports indicated that psoriasis patients using biological products were no longer susceptible to COVID-19 and the severe clinical course of the disease. It is envisioned that the use of azithromycin in cases of COVID 19 with pre-existing psoriasis can alleviate psoriatic lesions. Conclusion: The COVID 19 pandemic had a direct impact on dermatological diseases, especially psoriasis. Difficulty in accessing health care services and the stress load caused exacerbations in psoriasis cases. Studies recommend avoiding classic immunosuppressive agents such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and TNF alpha inhibitors. Reports indicated that psoriasis patients using biological products were no longer susceptible to COVID-19 and the severe clinical course of the disease.

scholarly journals Body mass index and mortality in UK Biobank: revised estimates using Mendelian randomization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin H Wade ◽  
David Carslake ◽  
Naveed Sattar ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Nicholas J Timpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
All Cause Mortality

AbstractObjectiveObtain estimates of the causal relationship between different levels of body mass index (BMI) and mortality.MethodsMendelian randomization (MR) was conducted using genotypic variation reliably associated with BMI to test the causal effect of increasing BMI on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in participants of White British ancestry in UK Biobank.ResultsMR analyses supported existing evidence for a causal association between higher levels of BMI and greater risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) per 1kg/m2: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.97,1.06) and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.23), specifically coronary heart disease (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.35) and those other than stroke/aortic aneurysm (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.38), stomach cancer (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.86) and oesophageal cancer (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.38), and with decreased risk of lung cancer mortality (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.11). Sex-stratified analyses supported a causal role of higher BMI in increasing the risk of mortality from bladder cancer in males and other causes in females, but in decreasing the risk of respiratory disease mortality in males. The characteristic J-shaped observational association between BMI and mortality was visible with MR analyses but with a smaller value of BMI at which mortality risk was lowest and apparently flatter over a larger range of BMI.ConclusionResults support a causal role of higher BMI in increasing the risk of all-cause mortality and mortality from other causes. However, studies with greater numbers of deaths are needed to confirm the current findings.

scholarly journals Homogeneity in the association of body mass index with type 2 diabetes across the UK Biobank: A Mendelian randomization study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e1002982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wainberg ◽  
Anubha Mahajan ◽  
Anshul Kundaje ◽  
Mark I. McCarthy ◽  
Erik Ingelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Effects of body mass index on relationship status, social contact, and socioeconomic position: Mendelian Randomization study in UK Biobank

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Roshni Kanayalal ◽  
Robin N Beaumont ◽  
Alisha R Davies ◽  
Timothy M Frayling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Degree Level ◽  
High Bmi

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether body mass index (BMI) has a causal effect on social and socioeconomic factors, including whether both high and low BMI can be detrimental.DesignMendelian Randomization, using genetic variants for BMI to obtain unconfounded estimates, and non-linear Mendelian Randomization.SettingUK Biobank.Participants378,244 men and women of European ancestry, mean age 57 (SD 8 years).Main outcome measuresTownsend deprivation index, income, age completed full time education, degree level education, job class, employment status, cohabiting relationship status, participation in leisure and social activities, visits from friends and family, and having someone to confide in.ResultsHigher BMI was causally associated with higher deprivation, lower income, fewer years of education, lower odds of degree-level education and skilled employment. For example, a 1 SD higher genetically-determined BMI (4.8kg/m2 in UK Biobank) was associated with £1,660 less income per annum [95%CI: £950, £2,380]. Non-linear Mendelian Randomization provided evidence that both low BMI (bottom decile, <22kg/m2) and high BMI (top seven deciles, >24.6kg/m2) can increase deprivation and reduce income. In men only, higher BMI was related to lower participation in leisure and social activities. There was no evidence of causal effects of BMI on visits from friends and family or in having someone to confide in. Non-linear Mendelian Randomization analysis showed that low BMI (bottom three deciles, <23.5kg/m2) reduces the odds of cohabiting with a partner or spouse for men, whereas high BMI (top two deciles, >30.7kg/m2) reduces the odds of cohabitation with a partner or spouse for women.ConclusionsBMI affects social and socioeconomic outcomes, with both high and low BMI being detrimental for some measures of SEP. This suggests that in addition to health benefits, maintaining healthy ranges of BMI across the population could have benefits both for individuals and society.

scholarly journals Evidence of a causal relationship between body mass index and psoriasis: A mendelian randomization study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e1002739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Budu-Aggrey ◽  
Ben Brumpton ◽  
Jess Tyrrell ◽  
Sarah Watkins ◽  
Ellen H. Modalsli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization

scholarly journals Searching for the causal effects of body mass index in over 300 000 participants in UK Biobank, using Mendelian randomization

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e1007951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise A. C. Millard ◽  
Neil M. Davies ◽  
Kate Tilling ◽  
Tom R. Gaunt ◽  
George Davey Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Uk Biobank

Causal relationship between body mass index and fetuin-A level in the asian population: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammarin Thakkinstian ◽  
Laor Chailurkit ◽  
Daruneewan Warodomwichit ◽  
Wipa Ratanachaiwong ◽  
Sukit Yamwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Fetuin A

scholarly journals Causal linkage between adult height and kidney function: An integrated population-scale observational analysis and Mendelian randomization study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254649
Author(s):  
Sehoon Park ◽  
Soojin Lee ◽  
Yaerim Kim ◽  
Yeonhee Lee ◽  
Min Woo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Observational Analysis

As adult height is linked to various health outcomes, further investigation of its causal effects on kidney function later in life is warranted. This study involved a cross-sectional observational analysis and summary-level Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. First, the observational association between height and estimated GFR determined by creatinine (eGFRcreatinine) or cystatin C (eGFRcystatinC) was investigated in 467,182 individuals aged 40–69 using UK Biobank. Second, the genetic instrument for adult height, as reported by the GIANT consortium, was implemented, and summary-level MR of eGFRcreatinine and CKDcreatinine in a CKDGen genome-wide association study was performed (N = 567,460), with multivariable MR being adjusted for the effects of genetic predisposition on body mass index. To replicate the findings, additional two-sample MR using the summary statistics of eGFRcystatinC and CKDcystatinC in UK Biobank was performed (N = 321,405). In observational analysis, adult height was inversely associated with both eGFRcreatinine (per 1 SD, adjusted beta -1.039, standard error 0.129, P < 0.001) and eGFRcystatinC (adjusted beta -1.769, standard error 0.161, P < 0.001) in a multivariable model adjusted for clinicodemographic, anthropometric, metabolic, and social factors. Moreover, multivariable summary-level MR showed that a taller genetically predicted adult height was causally linked to a lower log-eGFRcreatinine (adjusted beta -0.007, standard error 0.001, P < 0.001) and a higher risk of CKDcreatinine (adjusted beta 0.083, standard error 0.019, P < 0.001). Other pleiotropy-robust sensitivity MR analysis results supported the findings. In addition, similar results were obtained by two-sample MR of eGFRcystatinC (adjusted beta -1.303, standard error 0.140, P < 0.001) and CKDcystatinC (adjusted beta 0.153, standard error 0.025, P < 0.001) in UK Biobank. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that a taller adult height is causally linked to worse kidney function in middle-aged to elderly individuals, independent of the effect of body mass index.

scholarly journals Effects of body mass index on relationship status, social contact and socio-economic position: Mendelian randomization and within-sibling study in UK Biobank

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1173-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Roshni Kanayalal ◽  
Sean Harrison ◽  
Robin N Beaumont ◽  
Alisha R Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Economic Position

Abstract Background We assessed whether body mass index (BMI) affects social and socio-economic outcomes. Methods We used Mendelian randomization (MR), non-linear MR and non-genetic and MR within-sibling analyses, to estimate relationships of BMI with six socio-economic and four social outcomes in 378 244 people of European ancestry in UK Biobank. Results In MR of minimally related individuals, higher BMI was related to higher deprivation, lower income, fewer years of education, lower odds of degree-level education and skilled employment. Non-linear MR suggested both low (bottom decile, &lt;22 kg/m2) and high (top seven deciles, &gt;24.6 kg/m2) BMI, increased deprivation and reduced income. Non-genetic within-sibling analysis supported an effect of BMI on socio-economic position (SEP); precision in within-sibling MR was too low to draw inference about effects of BMI on SEP. There was some evidence of pleiotropy, with MR Egger suggesting limited effects of BMI on deprivation, although precision of these estimates is also low. Non-linear MR suggested that low BMI (bottom three deciles, &lt;23.5 kg/m2) reduces the odds of cohabiting with a partner or spouse in men, whereas high BMI (top two deciles, &gt;30.7 kg/m2) reduces the odds of cohabitation in women. Both non-genetic and MR within-sibling analyses supported this sex-specific effect of BMI on cohabitation. In men only, higher BMI was related to lower participation in leisure and social activities. There was little evidence that BMI affects visits from friends and family or having someone to confide in. Conclusions BMI may affect social and socio-economic outcomes, with both high and low BMI being detrimental for SEP, although larger within-family MR studies may help to test the robustness of MR results in unrelated individuals. Triangulation of evidence across MR and within-family analyses supports evidence of a sex-specific effect of BMI on cohabitation.

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