scholarly journals FGF21, a liver hormone that inhibits alcohol intake in mice, increases in human circulation after acute alcohol ingestion and sustained binge drinking at Oktoberfest

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Søberg ◽  
Emilie S. Andersen ◽  
Niels B. Dalgaard ◽  
Ida Jarlhelt ◽  
Nina L. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Human Fgf21

ABSTRACTObjectiveExcessive alcohol consumption is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. However, knowledge of the biological factors that influence adlibitumalcohol intake may be incomplete. Two large studies recently linked variants in theKLBlocus with levels of alcohol intake in humans.KLBencodes ß-klotho, co-receptor for the liver-derived hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). In mice, FGF21 reduces alcohol intake, and humanFgf21variants are enriched among heavy drinkers. Thus, the liver may limit alcohol consumption by secreting FGF21. However, whether full-length, active plasma FGF21 (FGF21 (1-181)) levels in humans increase acutely or sub-chronically in response to alcohol ingestion is uncertain.MethodsWe recruited 10 healthy, fasted male subjects to receive an oral water or alcohol bolus with concurrent blood sampling for FGF21 (1-181) measurement in plasma. In addition, we measured circulating FGF21 (1-181) levels, liver stiffness, triglyceride, and other metabolic parameters in three healthy Danish men before and after consuming an average of 22.6 beers/person/day (4.4 g/kg/day of ethanol) for three days during Oktoberfest 2017 in Munich, Germany. We further correlated fasting FGF21 (1-181) levels in 49 healthy, non-alcoholic subjects of mixed sex with self-reports of alcohol-related behaviors, emotional responses, and problems. Finally, we characterized the effect of recombinant human FGF21 injection on adlibitumalcohol intake in mice.ResultsWe show that alcohol ingestion (25.3 grams or ~2.5 standard drinks) acutely increases plasma levels of FGF21 (1-181) 3.4-fold in fasting humans. We also find that binge drinking for three days at Oktoberfest is associated with a 2.1-fold increase in baseline FGF21 (1-181) levels, in contrast to minor deteriorations in metabolic and hepatic biomarkers. However, basal FGF21 (1-181) levels were not correlated with differences in alcohol-related behaviors, emotional responses, or problems in our non-alcoholic subjects. Finally, we show that once-daily injection of recombinant human FGF21 reduces adlibitumalcohol intake by 21% in mice.ConclusionsFGF21 (1-181) is markedly increased in circulation by both acute and sub-chronic alcohol intake in humans, and reduces alcohol intake in mice. These observations are consistent with a role for FGF21 as an endocrine inhibitor of alcohol appetite in humans.

Is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum useful for detecting excessive alcohol consumption in hypertensive patients?

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2057-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Fagerberg ◽  
S Agewall ◽  
A Berglund ◽  
M Wysocki ◽  
P A Lundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
High Alcohol Intake

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum in a cross-sectional study of 439 treated hypertensive men. We related the results to alcohol intake by questionnaire and to biochemical and hemodynamic measurements known to reflect excessive alcohol consumption. The diagnostic sensitivity and the specificity for high alcohol intake (> or = 24 g/day of ethanol) were 44% and 87%, respectively. The group with reported high alcohol intake (n = 32) was characterized by hemodynamic and biochemical changes typical of alcohol abuse. The corresponding profile for the patients with increased serum CDT concentrations (n = 70) was different in several respects, indicating a considerable number of false-positive tests. We conclude that serum CDT determination had low sensitivity and specificity for excessive alcohol consumption in this group of hypertensive patients. The results illustrate the importance of evaluating new laboratory methods in unselected patient populations before drawing any conclusions about their clinical value.

scholarly journals Frequent drinking is a more important risk factor for new-onset atrial fibrillation than binge drinking: a nationwide population-based study

EP Europace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Gi Kim ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Jong-Il Choi ◽  
Ki Yung Boo ◽  
Do Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Drinking Session ◽  
Onset Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Frequent Drinking ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Aims Heavy consumption of alcohol is a known risk factor for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to evaluate the relative importance of frequent drinking vs. binge drinking. Methods and results A total of 9 776 956 patients without AF who participated in a national health check-up programme were included in the analysis. The influence of drinking frequency (day per week), alcohol consumption per drinking session (grams per session), and alcohol consumption per week were studied. Compared with patients who drink twice per week (reference group), patients who drink once per week showed the lowest risk [hazard ratio (HR) 0.933, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.916–0.950] and those who drink everyday had the highest risk for new-onset AF (HR 1.412, 95% CI 1.373–1.453), respectively. However, the amount of alcohol intake per drinking session did not present any clear association with new-onset AF. Regardless of whether weekly alcohol intake exceeded 210 g, the frequency of drinking was significantly associated with the risk of new-onset AF. In contrast, when patients were stratified by weekly alcohol intake (210 g per week), those who drink large amounts of alcohol per drinking session showed a lower risk of new-onset AF. Conclusion Frequent drinking and amount of alcohol consumption per week were significant risk factors for new-onset AF, whereas the amount of alcohol consumed per each drinking session was not an independent risk factor. Avoiding the habit of consuming a low but frequent amount of alcohol might therefore be important to prevent AF.

Metabolic effects of one-week binge drinking and fast food intake during Roskilde Festival in young healthy male adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Demant ◽  
Malte Palm Suppli ◽  
Signe Foghsgaard ◽  
Lise Gether ◽  
Magnus Frederik Gluud Grøndahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Mean Strain

Aims/hypothesis. Metabolic effects of intermittent unhealthy lifestyle in young adults are poorly studied. We investigated the gluco-metabolic and hepatic effects of participation in Roskilde Festival (one week of binge drinking and junk food consumption) in young, healthy males. Methods. Fourteen festival participants (FP) were studied before, during and after one week’s participation in Roskilde Festival. Fourteen matched controls (CTRL) who did not participate in Roskilde Festival or change their lifestyle in other ways were investigated along a similar timeline. Results. The FP group consumed more alcohol compared to their standard living conditions (2.0±3.9 vs 16.3±8.3 units/day, p<0.001). CTRLs did not change their alcohol consumption. AUC for glucose during OGTT did not change in either group. C-peptide responses increased in the FP group (320±31 vs 376±25 nmol/l×min, p=0.055) and the Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity decreased (6.2±2.4 vs 4.7±1.4, p = 0.054). AUC for glucagon during OGTT increased in the FP group (1,115±114 vs 1,599±183 pmol/l×min, p=0.003) together with fasting fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (62±30 vs 132±72 pmol/L, p<0.001), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF5) (276±78 vs 330±83 pg/mL, p=0.009) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (37.6±6.8 vs 42.4±11 U/l, p=0.043). Four participants (29%) developed ultrasound-detectable steatosis and mean strain elastography-assessed liver stiffness increased (p=0.026) in the FP group. Conclusions/interpretation. Participation in Roskilde Festival did not affect oral glucose tolerance, but was associated with a reduction in insulin sensitivity, increases in glucagon, FGF21, GDF15 and AST and lead to increased liver stiffness and, in 29% of the participants, ultrasound-detectable hepatic steatosis.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for anxiety and depression

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Haynes ◽  
Michael Farrell ◽  
Nicola Singleton ◽  
Howard Meltzer ◽  
Ricardo Araya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
New Onset

BackgroundLongitudinal studies have been inconclusive in identifying alcohol as a risk factor for anxiety and depression.AimsTo examine whether excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for anxiety and depression in the general population, and whether anxiety and depression are risk factors for excessive alcohol consumption.MethodData were analysed from the 18-month follow-up of the Psychiatric Morbidity Among Adults Living in Private Households, 2000 survey.ResultsHazardous and dependent drinking were not associated with onset of anxiety and depression at follow-up. Binge-drinking was non-significantly associated with incident anxiety and depression (adjusted OR= 1.36, 95% CI 0.74–2.50). Abstainers were less likely to have new-onset anxiety and depression at follow-up. Anxiety and depression or sub-threshold symptoms at baseline were not associated with incident hazardous or binge-drinking at follow-up, but there was weak evidence linking sub-threshold symptoms with onset of alcohol dependence (adjusted OR=2.04, 95% CI 0.84–4.97).ConclusionsExcessive alcohol consumption was not associated with the onset of anxiety and depression but abstinence was associated with a lower risk. Sub-threshold symptoms were weakly associated with new-onset alcohol dependence.

Identification of Alcohol Risk Drinking Behaviour in Pregnancy Using a Web-Based Questionnaire: Large-Scale Implementation in Antenatal Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
Louise Katrine Kjaer Weile ◽  
Chunsen Wu ◽  
Hanne Kristine Hegaard ◽  
Ulrik Schiøler Kesmodel ◽  
Tine Brink Henriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Aims This study aimed to examine the feasibility of a web-based questionnaire when collecting information on alcohol consumption in pregnancy to identify women with risk drinking behaviour, and to describe factors associated with risk drinking behaviour, and the use of specialized care for prenatal risk drinking. Methods In 2413 women referred to antenatal care at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, April–October 2018, self-reported alcohol intake was retrieved from a web-based questionnaire. Replies were screened for risk drinking behaviour: current intake of ≥7 drinks/week, ≥3 binge drinking episodes (intake of ≥5 drinks on a single occasion) in pregnancy, binge drinking after recognition of pregnancy and/or a TWEAK-score ≥ 2 points. Women with risk drinking behaviour were called to clarify the need for specialized care. A summary of the interview was obtained from the medical records. Results Overall, 2168 (90%) completed the questionnaire. Of 2097 women providing information on alcohol intake, 77 (4%) had risk drinking behaviour. Risk drinking was associated with higher alcohol intake prior to pregnancy, spontaneous conception, younger age, nulliparity and higher level of physical activity in pregnancy. Amongst 47 women with risk drinking behaviour reached by phone, five (11%, 95% CI 4–23%) accepted examinations of the child by paediatrician and child psychologist, and &lt;3 (not further specified due to small numbers) were referred to specialized antenatal care. Conclusions A web-based questionnaire was feasible when collecting information on alcohol consumption in pregnancy to identify risk drinking behaviour. Women with risk drinking behaviour had a low acceptance of referral to specialized care.

scholarly journals SUN-LB103 The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Han ◽  
Dominic Nicholas Reeds ◽  
Julia Passyn Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Native American ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BACKGROUNDThe effects of alcohol intake on insulin sensitivity have produced conflicting results with both beneficial and adverse effects observed. This study aimed to compare the relationship between patterns of alcohol consumption and insulin sensitivity in obese Veterans. METHODSWe performed a cross-sectional study of obese (BMI 30.0-45.0 kg/m2), nondiabetic U.S. Military Veterans without active mental health diagnoses, including no report of dependent alcohol use within the last 12 months. Alcohol exposure over the previous 12 months (mos) was assessed using a study-developed questionnaire and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Fasting insulin, glucose, and a 75gm OGTT were completed to determine Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and prediabetes (preDM) score of 0, 1, or 2 based on fulfilling 0, 1, or at least 2 of the ADA criteria for preDM, respectively. Linear regression was used to assess for associations between measures of insulin resistance and alcohol consumption; unstandardized β and p-value are reported for variable of interest. RESULTS104 Veterans participated (66% males; 44±8years (range: 25-60); BMI 36±4kg/m2 (range: 29-45); 53% White, 46% African American, 2% Alaskan/Native American, 1% Other). 83 participants reported any alcohol intake in the previous 12 mos and neither preDM score (p=0.57) nor HOMA-IR (p=0.14) were predicted by this question. PreDM score groups were similar in gender, BMI, and weight, but age predicted both preDM score (r2=0.09, β=0.025, p=0.006) and HOMA-IR (r2=0.05, β=-0.09, p=0.034); therefore, all regressions were adjusted for age. There was a negative association between the number of days of alcohol intake with HOMA-IR (β=-0.271, p=0.037) but no association occurred with preDM score (p=0.15). Fewer days of binge drinking was associated with higher HOMA-IR (β= -0.342, p=0.058) and preDM score (β=-0.075, p=0.05). There was no significant association between total quantity of alcohol intake and HOMA-IR (p=0.13) nor preDM score (p=0.15). There was no association between MAST score and HOMA-IR (p=0.7) or preDM score (p=0.3). CONCLUSIONIn our cohort of obese, non-alcohol dependent Veterans, the reported number of days of alcohol intake and days of binge drinking in the previous 12 mos were lower in those with markers of insulin resistance. These results suggest that drinking patterns among obese patients may have unique effects on insulin sensitivity that warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Pairing Binge Drinking and a High-Fat Diet in Adolescence Modulates the Inflammatory Effects of Subsequent Alcohol Consumption in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5279
Author(s):  
Macarena González-Portilla ◽  
Sandra Montagud-Romero ◽  
Francisco Navarrete ◽  
Ani Gasparyan ◽  
Jorge Manzanares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Neuroinflammatory Response ◽  
Intermittent Access ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Alcohol binge drinking (BD) and poor nutritional habits are two frequent behaviors among many adolescents that alter gut microbiota in a pro-inflammatory direction. Dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiome are observed after alcohol and high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, even before obesity onset. In this study, we investigate the neuroinflammatory response of adolescent BD when combined with a continuous or intermittent HFD and its effects on adult ethanol consumption by using a self-administration (SA) paradigm in mice. The inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and CX3CL1 were measured in the striatum 24 h after BD, 3 weeks later and after the ethanol (EtOH) SA. Adolescent BD increased alcohol consumption in the oral SA and caused a greater motivation to seek the substance. Likewise, mice with intermittent access to HFD exhibited higher EtOH consumption, while the opposite effect was found in mice with continuous HFD access. Biochemical analyses showed that after BD and three weeks later, striatal levels of IL-6 and CX3CL1 were increased. In addition, in saline-treated mice, CX3CL1 was increased after continuous access to HFD. After oral SA procedure, striatal IL-6 was increased only in animals exposed to BD and HFD. In addition, striatal CX3CL1 levels were increased in all BD- and HFD-exposed groups. Overall, our findings show that adolescent BD and intermittent HFD increase adult alcohol intake and point to neuroinflammation as an important mechanism modulating this interaction.

scholarly journals Changes in Alcohol Consumption Among a Population Who Underwent Medical Checkups During the First Wave of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Japan: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Yusaku Kajihara
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases

Background: Movement restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have inflicted stress and affected drinking behavior. However, limited information is available on the changes in alcohol use among the Japanese population.Method: This retrospective study included 371 subjects aged 20–74 years who underwent medical checkups at Fuyoukai Murakami Hospital before (April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020). All data were extracted from medical records. Changes in alcohol consumption and severity were also investigated. A logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors associated with increased drinking, and seven variables were sequentially introduced into the model—age (≤ 49 years), male sex, prior instructions for alcohol restriction, medication for lifestyle-related diseases (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperuricemia), depression or insomnia, essential workers, and smoking.Results: The median age was 46 years, and 81.7% subjects were men. In total, 25.1% subjects increased their alcohol intake, and 24.5% subjects reduced their alcohol intake. The rates of excessive alcohol consumption (≥ 60 g ethanol per day) were 15.9% and 16.7% in the pre-COVID-19 period and during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified only age ≤ 49 years as a risk factor for increased drinking (adjusted odds ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–3.99; p = 0.009).Conclusion: Approximately one-fourth of the subjects reported increased drinking, although the overall severity remained stable. The importance of alcohol reduction, particularly among young people, should be emphasized.

scholarly journals The morning after the night before: Alcohol-induced blackouts impair next day recall in sober young adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250827
Author(s):  
Judith Jackson ◽  
David I. Donaldson ◽  
Benjamin Dering
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Serial Recall ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption

Binge-drinking in adolescents and young adults is a widespread problem, however, an often unreported consequence of binge-drinking behaviour is an alcohol-induced memory blackout (MBO). An MBO is a transient amnesic event resulting from rapid, excessive alcohol consumption. Here, we examine the short-term impact of an alcohol-induced MBO event (testing < 20 hours after blackout) on memory performance in people who have experienced a high volume of MBOs. In addition, we aimed to test the hypothesis that people who experience a high volume of MBOs may have poorer recall than non-blackout controls in either sober or intoxicated states. Three episodic memory paradigms consisting of free recall, serial recall, and depth of encoding tasks, were conducted by a group of alcohol drinkers who had never experienced a memory blackout, and those who reported at least 9 in the preceding 12-months. Studies were completed sober and after alcohol by all participants, and sober but after blackout by the experimental group. Accuracy of recall was assessed with linear mixed effects modelling for all experiments and conditions. Recall rate both before and after alcohol consumption was similar between groups, with poorer recall after drinking alcohol by all participants in all three studies. After blackout, MBO participants showed no significant improvement from their intoxicated state in serial recall and depth of encoding tasks, but an improvement in free recall. Further analysis of these findings revealed that 10 out of 23 participants showed significantly impaired performance after blackout during free recall, extending up to 17 participants in serial recall. In general, alcohol reduced recall rate in both blackout and control participants similarly, but recall following MBO remained poor. Our evidence suggests that alcohol-induced blackouts impair memory functioning the next day, and future research should establish the duration of deficits after an acute alcohol-induced blackout episode.

Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption and success in fertility treatment: a Danish cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1334-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lyngsø ◽  
C H Ramlau-Hansen ◽  
B Bay ◽  
H J Ingerslev ◽  
K Strandberg-Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Average Alcohol

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does female weekly alcohol intake and binge drinking impact the chance of a successful fertility treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER Low-to-moderate weekly alcohol drinking and binge drinking were not associated with the chance of achieving a clinical pregnancy or a live birth among women and couples undergoing medically assisted reproduction (MAR) treatments. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Alcohol consumption is common among women of reproductive age, even though health authorities advise women trying to conceive to abstain from drinking. A growing number of couples struggle with infertility, but it is unknown whether low-to-moderate levels of alcohol consumption and alcohol binge drinking impair success in fertility treatment. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cohort study with prospectively collected exposure information including 1708 women and potential partners undergoing fertility treatment at the public fertility clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, 1 January 2010 to 31 August 2015. In total, data on 1511 intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles, 2870 in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles and 1355 frozen embryo transfer cycles. PARTTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Exposure to weekly average alcohol intake was assessed from questionnaires completed by participants before the start of treatment. Outcome measures are the achievement of a clinical pregnancy and live birth in consecutive treatment cycles in the Danish national health registries, enabling complete follow-up. A modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to evaluate associations between a weekly average alcohol intake and MAR outcomes, adjusting for female age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, coffee consumption, chronic diseases, level of education, and cycle number. When evaluating the association between binge drinking in the month prior to baseline and MAR outcomes the analyses were further adjusted for average weekly alcohol consumption. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Low-to-moderate average weekly alcohol intake was not statistically significantly associated with the chance of achieving a clinical pregnancy or a live birth following IUI or IVF/ICSI treatment cycles. Compared to women abstaining from alcohol, the adjusted relative risks for achieving a live birth among those reporting 1–2, 3–7, and &gt;7 drinks per week were 1.00 (95% CI 0.66; 1.53), 1.20 (0.76; 1.91), and 1.48 (0.56; 3.93), respectively, among women initiating IUI treatments. Among those initiating IVF/ICSI treatments, the chance for achieving a live birth among those reporting 1–2, 3–7, and &gt;7 drinks per week were 1.00 (0.83; 1.21), 0.95 (0.75; 1.20), and 0.89 (0.53; 1.51), respectively. The chance of achieving a live birth in the first IUI or IVF/ICSI treatment cycle was unrelated to the number of binge drinking episodes in the month preceding baseline. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The risk of non-differential exposure misclassification, confounding, or chance cannot be ruled out. In addition, due to the low number of women reporting an intake of &gt;7 drinks/week, the potential effect of high alcohol consumption should be interpreted with caution. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Although it remains unsettled if and how alcohol affects female reproduction, our results indicate that is not necessary to abstain from alcohol when striving for a successful outcome following fertility treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) J.L. is supported by a fully financed Ph.D. scholarship from Aarhus University and has received funds from the A.P. Møller foundation. The funding sources had no involvement in the conduct of the article. Dr Kesmodel reports personal fees from MSD and Ferring Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare and all have completed the ICMJE disclosure form. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not relevant.

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