scholarly journals Transcriptome and metabolome analysis provide insights into root and root released organic anion responses to phosphorus deficiency in oat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanliang Wang ◽  
Erik Lysøe ◽  
Tegan Armarego-Marriott ◽  
Alexander Erban ◽  
Lisa Paruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Nutritional Compounds

AbstractRoot and root-released organic anions play important roles in uptake of phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient for food production. Oat, ranking sixth in the world’s cereal production, contains valuable nutritional compounds and can withstand poor soil conditions. The aim of this research was to investigate root transcriptional and metabolic responses of oat grown under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions. We conducted a hydroponic experiment and measured root morphology, organic anions exudation, and analysed changes in the transcriptome and metabolome, to understand oat root adaptation to P deficiency. We found that oat roots showed enhanced citrate and malate exudation after four weeks of P-deficiency. After 10 days of P-deficiency, we identified 9371 differentially expressed transcripts with a two-fold or greater change (p < 0.05): forty-eight sequences predicted to be involved in organic anion biosynthesis and efflux were consistently up-regulated; twenty-four up-regulated transcripts in oat were also found up-regulated upon P starvation in rice and wheat under similar conditions. Phosphorylated metabolites (i.e. glucose-6-phosphate, myo-inositol-phosphate) reduced dramatically, while citrate and malate, some sugars and amino acids increased slightly in P-deficient oat roots. Our data provide new insights into the root responses to P deficiency and root-released organic anions in oat.HighlightWe found oat- a monocot food crop, showed high exudation rate of citrate under phosphorus deficiency; root transcriptome and metabolome were then investigated to understand oat adaptation to P deficiency.

Phosphorus deficiency enhances plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and citrate exudation in greater purple lupin (Lupinus pilosus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayalew Ligaba ◽  
Mineo Yamaguchi ◽  
Hong Shen ◽  
Takayuki Sasaki ◽  
Yoko Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Citrate Exudation ◽  
Lupinus Pilosus

The response of greater purple lupin (Lupinus pilosus L.) to a combination of phosphorus (P) deficiency and aluminium (Al) toxicity is unknown, and the mechanisms involved in the exudation of organic anions from greater purple lupin have not been reported. Therefore, plants grown with (+P) or without (–P) 250 µm P were exposed to 0 or 50 µm AlCl3 and the amount of organic anions exuded and the activities of plasma membrane H+-ATPase (E.C 3.6.3.6) and H+-pumps were investigated. Twenty days of P deficiency resulted in significantly reduced shoot growth and increased proteoid root formation. Exposure to 50 µm AlCl3 did not induce citrate exudation but did induce some malate exudation in –P plants. In contrast, P deficiency did induce exudation of citrate. Enhanced citrate exudation was attributed to the large increase in the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and associated H+ transport. This was shown by the inhibitory effect of vanadate on plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in vitro and on citrate exudation in vivo. However, vanadate did not suppress the exudation of malate. During 9 h of Al exposure, exudation of citrate showed a continuing increase for both –P and +P plants, while malate exudation increased only during the first 3 h, after which it rapidly declined. The total amount of organic anion exudation was significantly higher for –P plants. In the presence of 50 µm anion channel blockers [anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A-9-C), niflumic acid (NIF) and phenylglyoxal (PG)], the exudation of citrate and malate was reduced by 25–40%. It was concluded that P deficiency induces citrate exudation by enhancing the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and H+ export. In L. pilosus, exudation of organic anions occurs primarily in response to P deficiency but not Al toxicity. This contrasts with previous results obtained in Brassica napus L.

scholarly journals Metabolic and physiological analyses reveal that Populus cathayana males adopt an energy-saving strategy to cope with phosphorus deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1630-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Duoteng Tang ◽  
Helena Korpelainen ◽  
Chunyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphate ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Pi Deficiency

Abstract Dioecious trees have evolved sex-specific adaptation strategies to cope with inorganic phosphorus (Pi) limitation. Yet, little is known about the effects of Pi limitation on plant metabolism, particularly in dioecious woody plants. To identify potential gender-specific metabolites appearing in response to Pi limitation in poplars, we studied the metabolic and ionomic responses in the roots and leaves of Populus cathayana Rehd males and females exposed to a 60-day period of Pi deficiency. Besides significant decreases in phosphorus contents in both Pi-deficient roots and leaves, the calcium level decreased significantly and the sulfur content increased significantly in Pi-deficient male roots, while the zinc and ferrum contents increased significantly in Pi-deficient female roots. Inorganic P deficiency caused a smaller change in the abscisic acid content, but a significant increase in the jasmonic acid content was detected in both leaves and roots. Salicylic acid significantly decreased under Pi deficiency in male leaves and female roots. Changes were found in phospholipids and phosphorylated metabolites (e.g., fructose-6-phosphate, glycerol-3-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, phosphoric acid and inositol-1-phosphate) in roots and leaves. Both P. cathayana males and females relied on inorganic pyrophosphate-dependent but not on Pi-dependent glycolysis under Pi-deficient conditions. Sex-specific metabolites in leaves were primarily in the category of primary metabolites (e.g., amino acids), while in roots primarily in the category of secondary metabolites (e.g., organic acids) and sugars. The metabolome analysis revealed that sexually different pathways occurred mainly in amino acid metabolism, and the tissue-related differences were in the shikimate pathway and glycolysis. We observed changes in carbon flow, reduced root biomass and increased amino acid contents in P. cathayana males but not in females, which indicated that males have adopted an energy-saving strategy to adapt to Pi deficiency. Thus, this study provides new insights into sex-specific metabolic responses to Pi deficiency.

Phosphorus Deficiency of Lake Ontario Plankton

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2069-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. S. Lean ◽  
A. A. Abbott ◽  
F. R. Pick
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Biomass Turnover

The phosphate deficiency index (PDI), the ratio of photosynthetic carbon assimilation at optimal light to the maximum uptake velocity for phosphate, showed that P deficiency occurred in the near-shore plankton of Lake Ontario during spring thermal bar conditions and in the midlake plankton immediately after stratification. This condition persisted until October, when deep mixing of the water column occurred. Carbon and phosphate assimilation were by similar size classes, and as the ratio of two rate processes, PDI was independent of both temperature and biomass. Turnover time and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) correlated with PDI. Short-term photosynthetic depression with phosphate enrichment occurred in only 7 of 23 experiments and may either reflect P-sufficient conditions or high protein to carbohydrate ratios due to physical events common to large lakes. PDI, protein to carbohydrate ratios, and photosynthetic depression respond principally to algal activity. Although turnover time and APA reflect the activity of smaller microorganisms, primarily heterotrophic bacteria, all indices were consistent.

Organic anions in the rhizosphere of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive wheat lines grown in an acid soil in controlled and field environments

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Schefe ◽  
M. Watt ◽  
W. J. Slattery ◽  
P. M. Mele
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Wheat Lines

Several sampling methods were investigated for the quantification of organic anions in the rhizosphere of Al-tolerant (ET8) and Al-sensitive (ES8) wheat plants in soil systems. Controlled environment studies used anion exchange membranes to collect rhizosphere organic anions (from root tips and mature regions of nodal roots) from ET8 and ES8 plants at the 6-leaf stage in a glasshouse environment. Using the anion exchange membranes, a selection of organic anions were detected on the tips and mature regions of roots, with ET8 and ES8 having similar rhizosphere organic anion profiles. The field experiment used 2 established methods of organic anion collection: rhizosphere soil and root washings. The ET8 and ES8 wheat lines had similar levels of organic anions, including malate, in the rhizosphere (using soil shaken from roots and root washings) at 3 sampling times (4 and 6 leaves, and flowering). The rhizosphere organic anions differed significantly from the bulk soil, with the concentration and range of organic anions in the rhizosphere decreasing towards flowering, presumably due to physiological changes in plant and root growth. This study used several techniques to investigate organic anion exudation by roots, with organic anions detected using all techniques. However, technical limitations of these techniques were recognised: (i) the lack of simultaneous exposure of root tips to both the anion exchange membrane and the chemical stimulant, e.g. Al3+; and (ii) the inability to derive the origin of organic anions measured in rhizosphere soil and root washings. The challenge for future soil-based organic anion research is to identify the dominant stress that has triggered an exudation response (i.e. Al toxicity, P deficiency), and to clearly differentiate between plant- and microbial-derived contributions to exudation.

scholarly journals Roles of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from Managing Soil Phosphorus Deficiency to Mediating Biogeochemical P Cycle

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Jiang Tian ◽  
Fei Ge ◽  
Dayi Zhang ◽  
Songqiang Deng ◽  
Xingwang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Cycle

Phosphorus (P) is a vital element in biological molecules, and one of the main limiting elements for biomass production as plant-available P represents only a small fraction of total soil P. Increasing global food demand and modern agricultural consumption of P fertilizers could lead to excessive inputs of inorganic P in intensively managed croplands, consequently rising P losses and ongoing eutrophication of surface waters. Despite phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are widely accepted as eco-friendly P fertilizers for increasing agricultural productivity, a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the role of PSMs in P geochemical processes for managing P deficiency has received inadequate attention. In this review, we summarize the basic P forms and their geochemical and biological cycles in soil systems, how PSMs mediate soil P biogeochemical cycles, and the metabolic and enzymatic mechanisms behind these processes. We also highlight the important roles of PSMs in the biogeochemical P cycle and provide perspectives on several environmental issues to prioritize in future PSM applications.

Increased sensitivity of frog skeletal muscle to procaine in the presence of organic anions

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Foulks ◽  
F. A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
Alkyl Sulfonates ◽  
Carboxylate Anions ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Local Anaesthetic Action ◽  
Anaesthetic Action

In solutions containing an organic anion in place of chloride, frog toe muscles displayed increased sensitivity to the local anaesthetic action of procaine. Twitch inhibition by procaine in all media was accompanied by suppression of action potentials without change in membrane resting potentials. The twitch depressant effect of procaine was greater in solutions with carboxylate anions than with alkyl sulfonates. The intensity and the rapidity of onset of the effects of organic anions was related to the size of their hydrophobic component.Procaine accentuated acetate-induced reductions in the [K]0 required to produce K contractures and in the time course of submaximum K contractures. These effects were not shared by benzocaine. They were antagonized by increased [Ca]0.The results indicate that separate agents can exert mutually enhancing actions from opposite surfaces of the sarcolemma to facilitate the inactivation of depolarization-induced excitation–contraction coupling as well as that of the potential-dependent sodium channel.

Intracellular compartmentation of organic anions within renal cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. R882-R890 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Miller ◽  
D. E. Stewart ◽  
J. B. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Anion ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Opossum Kidney ◽  
Ok Cells ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Energy Dependent

Epifluorescence microscopy and video-image analysis were used to measure the distribution of the monovalent organic anion fluorescein (FL) within the cells of three organic anion-secreting renal epithelia: crab urinary bladder (a proximal tubule analogue), opossum kidney (OK) cells in culture, and intact teleost proximal tubules. In all three preparations the intracellular FL distribution was nonuniform. Two distinct intracellular compartments were detected, one being diffuse and cytoplasmic and the other punctate. With low FL concentrations in the medium (1 microM and below) dye accumulation in the punctate compartment exceeded that of the cytoplasm. In crab bladder epithelium FL uptake into both compartments was inhibited by external probenecid, p-aminohippurate (PAH), and LiCl and stimulated by 10-50 microM external glutarate, suggesting that the punctate compartment loaded by a two-step mechanism: transport into the cytoplasm at the basolateral membrane, followed by accumulation at specific intracellular sites. Experiments in which FL was microinjected into OK cells directly demonstrated movement of FL from the cytoplasmic to the punctate compartment. Accumulation in the latter was specific, i.e., inhibitable by coinjected PAH and probenecid, and energy dependent. Together, these findings indicate that during secretion organic anions are sequestered within renal cells. The role of sequestration in overall transport remains to be determined.

Role of organic anions in renal response to dietary acid and base loads

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. F170-F176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Brown ◽  
R. K. Packer ◽  
M. A. Knepper
Keyword(s):  
Organic Anion ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Renal Response ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Net Acid Excretion

Bicarbonate is formed when organic anions are oxidized systemically. Therefore, changes in organic anion excretion can affect systemic acid-base balance. To assess the role of organic anions in urinary acid-base excretion, we measured urinary excretion in control rats, NaHCO3-loaded rats, and NH4Cl-loaded rats. Total organic anions were measured by the titration method of Van Slyke. As expected, NaHCO3 loading increased urine pH and decreased net acid excretion (NH4+ + titratable acid - HCO3-), whereas NH4Cl loading had the opposite effect. Organic anion excretion was increased in response to NaHCO3 loading and decreased in response to NH4Cl loading. We quantified the overall effect of organic ion plus inorganic buffer ion excretion on acid-base balance. The amounts of organic anions excreted by all animals in this study were greater than the amounts of NH4+, HCO3-, or titratable acidity excreted. In addition, in response to acid and alkali loading, changes in urinary organic anion excretion were 40-50% as large as changes in net acid excretion. We conclude that, in rats, regulation of organic anion excretion can contribute importantly to the overall renal response to acid-base disturbances.

scholarly journals Multiplicity of Hepatic Excretory Mechanisms for Organic Anions

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour Alpert ◽  
Michael Mosher ◽  
Alan Shanske ◽  
Irwin M. Arias
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
One Step

Previous studies based upon competition between different organic anions for biliary excretion in vivo have suggested that all organic anions share a common hepatic secretory mechanism. Corriedale sheep with an inherited defect in organic anion excretion by the liver were used to study this problem directly without the need for competition studies, the results of which are difficult to analyze. Maximal biliary excretion of sulfobromphthalein (BSP) in mutant Corriedale sheep was less than 7% of that observed in normal sheep whereas maximal biliary excretion of taurocholate, the major organic anion in sheep bile, was not different in mutant and normal sheep. Taurocholate infusion enhanced maximal hepatic excretion of BSP in normal but not in mutant sheep. These studies of an inheritable disorder which appears to be identical to the Dubin-Johnson syndrome in man, demonstrate that taurocholate excretion requires at least one step in biliary excretion which is not required by other organic anions such as bile pigment, porphyrins, drugs, and dyes.

scholarly journals Organic anion secretion in polycystic kidney disease.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1222-1231
Author(s):  
G A Tanner ◽  
N Gretz ◽  
Y Shao ◽  
A P Evan ◽  
M Steinhausen
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Polycystic Kidney Disease ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Anion Secretion ◽  
Organic Anion Secretion

This study examined whether organic anion secretion contributes to fluid accumulation in cysts in polycystic kidney disease. Clearance and micropuncture studies were done on young (7 to 16 wk old), mostly male, heterozygous Han:SPRD cystic rats and healthy control littermate rats. Heterozygous Han:SPRD rats manifest a slowly progressive autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease that closely resembles the human disorder. Left kidney GFR (polyfructosan clearance), in microl/min per 100 g body wt, averaged 331 +/- 36 (SD) in seven healthy rats and 278 +/- 75 in seven cystic rats. The maximal rate of p-aminohippurate (PAH) secretion, in micromol/min per 100 g body wt, averaged 0.94 +/- 0.24 in healthy rats and 0.83 +/- 0.11 in cystic rats. In these young rats, there were no significant differences in GFR or the maximal rate of PAH secretion despite the presence of cystic disease. Using fluorescence microscopy, it was found that 27 of 29 proximal cysts secreted sulfonefluorescein, an organic anion transported by the PAH system. Transmission electron micrographs of superficial cysts that had secreted sulfonefluorescein demonstrated the presence of both normal-appearing and poorly differentiated proximal tubule cells. Segments of superficial proximal convoluted tubules or cysts, isolated by upstream and downstream wax blocks, failed to accumulate fluid when PAH was infused intravenously. With the stationary microperfusion technique, PAH secretion by both normal and cystic nephrons was demonstrated. It is concluded that most proximal cystic epithelia retain the ability to secrete organic anions. Secretion of organic anions, however, does not appear to contribute in any substantial way to fluid accumulation in cysts in the rat kidney.

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