scholarly journals The relationship between brain atrophy and cognitive-behavioral symptoms in retired Canadian football players with multiple concussions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Misquitta ◽  
Mahsa Dadar ◽  
Apameh Tarazi ◽  
MW Hussain ◽  
MK Alatwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Former Athletes ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMultiple concussions, particularly in contact sports, have been associated with cognitive deficits, psychiatric impairment and neurodegenerative diseases like chronic traumatic encephalopathy. We used volumetric and deformation-based morphometric analyses to test the hypothesis that repeated concussions may be associated with smaller regional brain volumes, poorer cognitive performance and behavioural symptoms among former professional football players compared to healthy controls. This study included fifty-three retired Canadian Football League players, 25 age- and education-matched healthy controls, and controls from the Cambridge Centre for Aging and Neuroscience database for validation. Volumetric analyses revealed greater hippocampal atrophy than expected for age in former athletes with multiple concussions than controls and smaller left hippocampal volume was associated with poorer verbal memory performance. Deformation-based morphometric confirmed smaller bilateral hippocampal volume that were associated with poorer verbal memory performance in athletes. Repeated concussions may lead to greater regional atrophy than expected for age.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPETITIVE HEAD IMPACT EXPOSURE AND CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN AMERICAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. P1469-P1470
Author(s):  
Jesse Mez ◽  
Daniel H. Daneshvar ◽  
Bobak Abdolmohammadi ◽  
Patrick T. Kiernan ◽  
Michael L. Alosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
The Relationship

Functional and anatomical memory indices in patients with or at risk for Alzheimer's disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATALIE A. PHILLIPS ◽  
HOWARD CHERTKOW ◽  
MANON M. LEBLANC ◽  
HEATHER PIM ◽  
SUSAN MURTHA
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Current Task ◽  
And Control

We investigated the sensitivity of the P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) recorded during a memory-demanding task to memory function in subjects with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal elderly controls. We also explored the ability of neuropsychological (delayed verbal memory), neuroanatomical (MRI-based hippocampal volume), and electrophysiological (memory search P300 amplitude) memory measures to distinguish between the three subject groups using discriminant function analyses. Fourteen patients with DAT, 16 with MCI, and 15 age- and education-matched controls were tested. P300 amplitude was reduced in DAT subjects at all levels of memory load; however, it did not differ between MCI and control subjects. Delayed verbal memory performance best discriminated DAT from MCI and control subjects, while delayed verbal memory and hippocampal volume best discriminated MCI subjects from controls. These results support the utility of neuropsychological and neuroanatomical measures in diagnosing dementia and do not support the notion that P300 amplitude is sensitive to mild memory dysfunction when measured using the current task. (JINS, 2004, 10, 200–210.)

scholarly journals Grey and White Matter Pathways Underlying the Relationship Between Aerobically Active Lifestyle, Cardiorespiratory Function, and Episodic Memory in the Aging Human Brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamir Eisenstein ◽  
Nir Giladi ◽  
Ofer Havakuk ◽  
Yulia Lerner
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAging is associated with structural alterations of the hippocampus, a key region in episodic memory processes. Aerobic activity and maximal aerobic capacity (MAC), a key measure of cardiorespiratory function and a physiological adaptation of aerobic exercise, have been associated with biological and cognitive resilience of the brain. However, investigations of their relationship with the hippocampus in humans had resulted with inconsistent findings. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lifestyle’s aerobic activity and MAC and hippocampal grey and white matter structure, as well as episodic memory performance in cognitively healthy older adults. In addition, we examined the relationship between aerobic activity and MAC, and cerebrovascular pathology expressed as white matter lesions (WML). Next, we used a regression-based mediation analysis to examine possible biological pathways which may underlie the relationship between MAC and hippocampal volume, which was demonstrated in previous works, and was confirmed in the current study. Fifty cognitively healthy older adults (70.92 ± 3.9 years) were divided into aerobically active (n=27) and non-active (n=23) groups, and performed structural and diffusion MRI. Forty-two participants were also evaluated for MAC. Aerobically active lifestyle and higher MAC were associated with increased hippocampal volume and microstructural integrity, as well as increased fornix microstructural integrity, and lower WML burden (p<.05). In addition, both factors were correlated with increased episodic memory performance (p<.05). Mediation analysis revealed two pathways potentially mediating the relationship between MAC, hippocampal volume, and episodic memory – a white matter pathway consisted of WML and fornix microstructure, and grey matter pathway including hippocampal microstructure. These findings shed light on possible neurobiological mechanisms that could potentially underlie the neuroprotective effect of cardiorespiratory function and aerobic physical activity on hippocampal macrostructure and memory function in the aging human brain.

scholarly journals Aberrant prefrontal beta oscillations predict episodic memory encoding deficits in schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Meconi ◽  
Sarah Anderl-Straub ◽  
Heidelore Raum ◽  
Michael Landgrebe ◽  
Berthold Langguth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Pattern Similarity

AbstractVerbal episodic memory is one of the core cognitive functions affected in patients suffering from schizophrenia (SZ). Although this verbal memory impairment in SZ is a well-known finding, our understanding about its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms is rather scarce. Here we address this issue by recording brain oscillations during a memory task in a sample of healthy controls and patients suffering from SZ. Brain oscillations represent spectral fingerprints of specific neurocognitive operations and are therefore a promising tool to identify neurocognitive mechanisms that are affected by SZ. Healthy controls showed a prominent suppression of left prefrontal beta oscillatory activity during successful memory formation, which replicates several previous oscillatory memory studies. In contrast, patients failed to exhibit such left prefrontal beta power suppression. Utilizing a new topographical pattern similarity approach, we further demonstrate that the degree of similarity between a patient's beta power decrease to that of the controls reliably predicted memory performance. This relationship between beta power decreases and memory was such that the patients' memory performance improved as they showed a more similar topographical beta desynchronization pattern compared to that of healthy controls. These findings suggest that left prefrontal beta power suppression (or lack thereof) during memory encoding is a possible biomarker for the observed encoding impairments in SZ in verbal memory. This lack of left prefrontal beta power decreases might indicate a specific semantic processing deficit of verbal material in patients with schizophrenia.

Spatial Visualization Ability Mediates the Male Advantage in Spatial and Visual Episodic Memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Siedlecki
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Female Advantage ◽  
Male Advantage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

Abstract. Individuals between the ages of 18 and 94 (N = 326) completed a battery of episodic memory tasks, as well as several measures of spatial visualization. A female advantage in verbal episodic memory and a male advantage in spatial and visual episodic memory were observed. Mediation analyses provided evidence that performance on spatial visualization tasks greatly influences the magnitude of the effect for sex differences among the different episodic memory constructs. In particular, the spatial visualization construct fully mediated the relationship between sex and episodic spatial memory performance. Further, when spatial visualization was included as a mediator in the model the relationship between sex and episodic verbal memory increased, and the relationship between sex and episodic visual memory reversed, such that women scored higher than men.

Alterations in the Relationship Between Hippocampal Volume and Episodic Memory Performance in Preterm Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Brunnemann ◽  
Kerstin H. Kipp ◽  
Ludwig Gortner ◽  
Juliane Meng-Hentschel ◽  
Panagiotis Papanagiotou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Clinical utility of structural connectomics in predicting memory in temporal lobe epilepsy

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (23) ◽  
pp. e2424-e2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshara R. Balachandra ◽  
Erik Kaestner ◽  
Naeim Bahrami ◽  
Anny Reyes ◽  
Sanam Lalani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Clinical Variables

ObjectiveTo determine the predictive power of white matter neuronal networks (i.e., structural connectomes [SCs]) in discriminating memory-impaired patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) from those with normal memory.MethodsT1- and diffusion MRI (dMRI), clinical variables, and neuropsychological measures of verbal memory were available for 81 patients with TLE. Prediction of memory impairment was performed with a tree-based classifier (XGBoost) for 4 models: (1) a clinical model including demographic and clinical features, (2) a hippocampal volume (HCV) model, (3) a tract model including 5 temporal lobe white matter association tracts derived from a dMRI atlas, and (4) an SC model based on dMRI. SCs were derived by extracting cortical-cortical connections from a temporal lobe subnetwork with probabilistic tractography. Principal component (PC) analysis was then applied to reduce the dimensionality of the SC, yielding 10 PCs. Multimodal models were also tested combining SCs and tracts with HCV. Each model was trained on 48 patients from 1 epilepsy center and tested on 33 patients from a different center.ResultsMultimodal models that included the SC + HCV model yielded the highest classification accuracy (81%; 0.90 sensitivity; 0.67 specificity), outperforming the clinical model (61%; p < 0.001) and HCV model (66%; p < 0.001). In addition, the unimodal SC model (76% accuracy) and tract model (73% accuracy) outperformed the clinical model (p < 0.001) and HCV model (p < 0.001) for classifying patients with TLE with and without memory impairment. Furthermore, the SC identified that short-range temporal-temporal connections were important contributors to memory performance.ConclusionSCs and tract-based models are stronger predictors of memory impairment in TLE than HCVs and clinical variables. However, SCs may provide additional information about local cortical-cortical connectivity contributing to memory that is not captured in large association tracts.

Hippocampal and amygdala volumes in an older bipolar disorder sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanaka Wijeratne ◽  
Sonal Sachdev ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
Olivier Piguet ◽  
Darren M. Lipnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Bipolar Patients

ABSTRACTBackground: Brain volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of adult bipolar disorder samples, compared with healthy controls, have reported conflicting results in hippocampal and amygdala volumes. Among these, few have studied older bipolar samples, which would allow for examination of the effects of greater duration in mood episodes on brain volumes. The aim of this study was to compare hippocampal and amygdala volumes in older bipolar patients with controls.Methods: High-resolution MRI scans were used to determine hippocampal and amygdala volumes that were manually traced using established protocols in 18 euthymic patients with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder (mean age 57 years) and 21 healthy controls (mean age 61 years). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to explore group differences while controlling for intracranial volume (ICV), age, sex, and years of education.Results: While gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volumes did not differ between the groups, bipolar disorder patients had smaller ICV (t = 2.54, p = 0.015). After correcting for ICV, the bipolar group had smaller hippocampal (left hippocampus F = 13.944, p = 0.001; right hippocampus F = 10.976, p = 0.002; total hippocampus F = 13.566; p = 0.001) and right amygdala (F = 13.317, p = 0.001) volumes. Total hippocampal volume was negatively associated with the duration of depressive (r = −0.636; p = 0.035) and manic (r = −0.659; p = 0.027) episodes, but not lithium use. Amygdala volumes were not associated with the duration of mood episodes.Conclusions: Older bipolar disorder patients had smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes. That smaller hippocampal volume was associated with the duration of mood episodes may suggest a neuroprogressive course related to the severity of the disorder.

scholarly journals Reduced Hippocampal Volume and Its Relationship With Verbal Memory and Negative Symptoms in Treatment-Naive First-Episode Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xujun Duan ◽  
Changchun He ◽  
Jianjun Ou ◽  
Runshi Wang ◽  
Jinming Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Morphometry ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Accumulating neuroimaging evidence has shown remarkable volume reductions in the hippocampi of patients with schizophrenia. However, the relationship among hippocampal morphometry, clinical symptoms, and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia is still unclear. In this study, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 36 patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS, age range: 13–18 years) and 30 age-, gender-, and education-matched typically developing controls (TDCs). Hippocampal volume was assessed automatically through volumetric segmentation and measurement. After adjusting for total intracranial volume, we found reduced hippocampal volume in individuals with AOS compared with TDCs, and the hippocampal volume was positively correlated with verbal memory and negatively correlated with negative symptoms in AOS. In addition, mediation analysis revealed the indirect effect of hippocampal volume on negative symptoms via verbal memory impairment. When the negative symptoms were represented by 2 dimensions of deficits in emotional expression (EXP) and deficits in motivation and pleasure (MAP), the indirect effect was significant for EXP but not for MAP. Our findings provide further evidence of hippocampal volume reduction in AOS and highlight verbal memory impairment as a mediator to influence the relationship between hippocampal morphometry and negative symptoms, especially the EXP dimension of negative symptoms, in individuals with AOS.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRAIN VOLUMES AND MEMORY PERFORMANCE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Ron Hijman ◽  
Neeltje van Haren ◽  
Hilleke Hulshoff Pol ◽  
Roos Janssens ◽  
René Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
The Relationship
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