scholarly journals Utility of the SWAN Scale for ADHD Trait-Based Genetic Research: A Validity and Polygenic Risk Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L. Burton ◽  
Leah Wright ◽  
Janet Shan ◽  
Bowei Xiao ◽  
Annie Dupuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale

AbstractBackgroundValid and genetically-informative trait measures of psychopathology collected in the general population would provide a powerful complement to case/control genetic designs. We report the convergent, predictive and discriminant validity of the parent- and the self-report versions of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Rating Scale (SWAN) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits. We tested if SWAN ADHD scores were associated with ADHD diagnosis, ADHD polygenic risk, as well as with traits and polygenic risk for co-occurring disorders such as anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsWe collected parent- and self-report SWAN scores in a community sample (n=15,560; 6-18 years of age) and created norms. Sensitivity-specificity analyses determined SWAN cut-points that discriminated those with a community ADHD diagnosis (n=972) from those without a community diagnosis. We validated cut-points from the community sample in a clinical sample (266 ADHD cases; 36 controls). We tested if SWAN scores were associated with anxiety and obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits and polygenic risk for ADHD, OCD and anxiety disorders.ResultsBoth the parent- and the self-report SWAN measures showed high convergent validity with established ADHD measures and distinguished ADHD participants with high sensitivity and specificity in the community sample. Cut-points established in the community sample discriminated ADHD clinic cases from controls with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 94%. High parent- and self-report SWAN scores and scores above the community-based cut-points were associated with polygenic risk for ADHD. High ADHD traits were associated with high anxiety traits, but not OC traits. SWAN scores were not associated with OCD or anxiety disorder polygenic risk.ConclusionThe parent- and self-report SWAN are potentially useful in genetic research because they predict ADHD diagnoses and are associated with ADHD polygenic risk.

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Child Version (OCI-CV) in General Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tíscar Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Antonio Godoy ◽  
José A. Piqueras ◽  
Aurora Gavino ◽  
Agustín E. Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. Evidence-based assessment is necessary as a first step for developing psychopathological studies and assessing the effectiveness of empirically validated treatments. There are several measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or symptomatology in children and adolescents, but all of them present some limitations. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) by Foa and her colleagues has showed to be a good self-report measure to capture the dimensionality of OCD in adults and adolescents. The child version of the OCI (OCI-CV) was validated for clinical children and adolescents in 2010, showing excellent psychometric properties. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure and invariance of the OCI-CV in the general population. Results showed a six-factor structure with one second-order factor, good consistency values, and invariance across region, age, and sex. The OCI-CV is an excellent inventory for assessing the dimensions of OCD symptomatology in general populations of children and adolescents. The invariance across sex and age warrants its utilization for research purposes.

Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

Assessing OCD Symptoms and Severity

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Dorfan ◽  
Sheila R. Woody
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews

This chapter describes methods and tools for assessing obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The chapter outlines the purposes of assessment and discusses special challenges presented by OCD, such as shame associated with socially unacceptable obsessional content. Several types of assessment tools are discussed, including structured diagnostic interviews, semistructured clinician interviews to assess OCD symptom profile and severity, self-report instruments, behavioral assessment and self-monitoring, assessment of appraisals and beliefs relevant to OCD, and functional impairment. The importance of linking assessment findings to an evidence-based treatment plan is discussed.

Initial Data on Recollections of Pathways to Inflated Responsibility Beliefs in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Coles ◽  
Casey A. Schofield ◽  
Jacob A. Nota
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs

Background: Despite literature establishing a relationship between maladaptive beliefs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there are few studies addressing how these beliefs develop. Salkovskis and colleagues (1999) proposed specific domains of childhood experiences leading to heightened beliefs regarding responsibility. Prior studies in students and individuals who just completed treatment for OCD have found support for this theory. However, we are not aware of published data from individuals with current OCD. Aims: This paper presents initial data from adults currently meeting criteria for OCD as well as both anxious and non-anxious controls. Method: Recollections of childhood experiences, current OCD-related beliefs, and OCD symptoms were assessed using self-report measures in 39 individuals seeking treatment for OCD, 36 anxious controls and 39 healthy controls. Results: Initial data suggested that in individuals with OCD, increased reports of childhood exposure to overprotection and experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune were associated with stronger OCD-related beliefs. Further, compared to community controls, individuals with OCD reported more childhood experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune, though they did not differ from anxious controls in childhood responsibility experiences. Conclusions: These initial findings provide minimal support for the proposed model of the development of inflated responsibility beliefs, and highlight the need for research examining the etiology of OCD related beliefs with updated models, larger samples, and ultimately using prospective methods.

Frequency of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in a Community Sample of Young Adolescents

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA A. VALLENI-BASILE ◽  
CAROL Z. GARRISON ◽  
KIRBY L. JACKSON ◽  
JENNIFER L. WALLER ◽  
ROBERT E. McKEOWN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Genetic meta‐analysis of obsessive–compulsive disorder and self‐report compulsive symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk J. A. Smit ◽  
Danielle Cath ◽  
Nuno R. Zilhão ◽  
Hill F. Ip ◽  
Damiaan Denys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Beyond Belief: Incremental Prediction of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder by Looming Vulnerability Illusions

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Riskind ◽  
Neil A. Rector
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Small Cohort ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

Cognitive models argue that obsessions and compulsions arise from distorted beliefs and exaggerated interpretations of intrusive thoughts. While these models have led to important advances, recent research has suggested the need to go beyond the factors the models identify. One new factor to consider may involve looming vulnerability, the production of dynamic mental scenarios of danger outcomes (e.g., contamination, harming, losing wanted possessions) as rushing through time and space and escalating in odds of harm for the self. Looming vulnerability is a different form of cognition that differs from belief factors because it concerns the process of anticipating noxious events as rapidly rising in risk rather than static beliefs about the final end states (e.g., responsibility, perfection). The present study tested looming vulnerability by examining a small cohort of 37 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Results provide strong preliminary evidence that looming vulnerability in OCD-related themes (e.g., contamination, hoarding, and pure obsessional) contributes significant and substantial variance to the prediction of obsessive compulsive symptom severity on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale beyond the effects of beliefs and interpretations. Thus, looming vulnerability may represent a different form of cognitive vulnerability for the development and persistence of clinical obsessions that warrants further investigation.

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