scholarly journals Neural responses in the pain matrix when observing pain of others are unaffected by testosterone administration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Heany ◽  
David Terburg ◽  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Jack van Honk ◽  
Peter A. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Empathy For Pain ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThere is evidence of testosterone having deteriorating effects on cognitive and affective empathy. However, whether testosterone influences core affective empathy, that is empathy for pain, has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we tested neural responses to witnessing others in pain in a within-subject placebo controlled testosterone administration study. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we provide affirming evidence that the empathy inducing paradigm causes changes in the activity throughout the pain circuitry, including the bilateral insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Administration of testosterone however did not influence these activation patterns in the pain matrix. Testosterone has thus downregulating effects on aspects of empathic behaviour, but based on these data does not seem to influence neural responses during core empathy for pain. This finding gives more insight into the role of testosterone in human empathy.

Management Accountants’ Empathy and Their Violation of Fiduciary Duties: a Replication and Extension Study Using fMRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergeja Slapničar ◽  
Mina Ličen ◽  
Frank G. H. Hartmann ◽  
Anka Slana Ozimič ◽  
Grega Repovš
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Management Accountants ◽  
Personal Interests

Research shows that management accountants’ role to support business unit managers’ decision-making may cause them to succumb to managers’ pressures to misreport. Using electroencephalographic (EEG) evidence, Eskenazi, Hartmann and Rietdijk (2016) demonstrate the role of automatic emotional mimicry, which drives misreporting when managers’ personal interest is at stake, but not when BU interest is at stake. In this study, we aim to replicate this finding using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which enables us to separate affective from cognitive empathy. Thirty accounting professionals completed an emotion observation task during which empathy-related brain activity was recorded. We then explored accountants’ inclination to misreport using empathy-invoking accounting scenarios. We find that the inclination to misreport correlates with activation of cognitive empathy regions, but only for scenarios in which accountants misreport to serve business unit’s interests, rather than managers’ personal interests. We find no evidence for a role of affective empathy.

scholarly journals Differential Activation Patterns of fMRI in Sleep-Deprived Brain: Restoring Effects of Acupuncture

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Honghan Gong ◽  
Lijun Bai ◽  
Xi-jian Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bilateral Thalamus

Previous studies suggested a remediation role of acupuncture in insomnia, and acupuncture also has been used in insomnia empirically and clinically. In this study, we employed fMRI to test the role of acupuncture in sleep deprivation (SD). Sixteen healthy volunteers (8 males) were recruited and scheduled for three fMRI scanning procedures, one following the individual’s normal sleep and received acupuncture SP6 (NOR group) and the other two after 24 h of total SD with acupuncture on SP6 (SD group) or sham (Sham group). The sessions were counterbalanced approximately two weeks apart. Acupuncture stimuli elicited significantly different activation patterns of three groups. In NOR group, the right superior temporal lobe, left inferior parietal lobule, and left postcentral gyrus were activated; in SD group, the anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral insula, left basal ganglia, and thalamus were significantly activated while, in Sham group, the bilateral thalamus and left cerebellum were activated. Different activation patterns suggest a unique role of acupuncture on SP6 in remediation of SD. SP6 elicits greater and anatomically different activations than those of sham stimuli; that is, the salience network, a unique interoceptive autonomic circuit, may indicate the mechanism underlying acupuncture in restoring sleep deprivation.

The Role of Anterior Insula and Anterior Cingulate in Empathy for Pain

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elia Valentini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Direct Involvement ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Empathy For Pain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Differential Contribution

The understanding of others' feelings and emotional states is commonly defined by the term empathy. Here, I discuss recent findings regarding the differential contribution of anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortices to this function. For the first time, Gu and colleagues (2010) showed no direct involvement of the anterior cingulate during observation of another's pain and proposed the anterior insula as the main neural substrate for the mental representation of empathy.

Game Theory and the brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 411-418
Author(s):  
M. van 't Wout
Keyword(s):  
Brain Area ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Virtual Lesion ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

SummaryWhat is the neural basis of why you trust one person, but not the other? How do emotions in response to unfairness guide our interactions? What are the neural responses associated with cooperation? The field of social neuroeconomics aims to answer these and other questions to better understand the neural circuitry of decision-making in social interactions. In addition to neuroimaging studies, which can give insight into a possible correlation between brain activation and a cognitive process, (virtual) lesion studies allow drawing causal inferences about the role of a particular brain area in the social decisionmaking process. This paper will review some of the more recent findings on the neural basis of fairness, trust and cooperation identified using neuroimaging or lesion studies.

scholarly journals Neural responses in the pain matrix when observing pain of others are unaffected by testosterone administration in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-759
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Heany ◽  
David Terburg ◽  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Jack van Honk ◽  
Peter A. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Neural Responses ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Testosterone Administration

scholarly journals Soothing the emotional brain: modulation of neural activity to personal emotional stimulation by social touch

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Kraus ◽  
Andreas Frick ◽  
Robert Roman ◽  
Lenka Jurkovičová ◽  
Radek Mareček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Social Touch ◽  
Physical Touch ◽  
Connectivity Strength

Abstract Social touch may modulate emotions, but the neurobehavioral correlates are poorly understood. Here, we investigated neural responses to a picture of a deceased close person and if neural activity and connectivity are modulated by social touch from one’s romantic partner. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found altered reactivity in several brain areas including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the anterior insula in response to the personal picture compared to a picture of an unfamiliar person. Hand holding with the romantic partner, compared to being alone, reduced reactivity in the ACC and cerebellum and provided subjective comfort. To separate physical touch from the emotional effect of partner presence, we evaluated hand holding with the partner relative to a stranger and found reduced reactivity in the anterior insula. Connectivity between the anterior insula and the ACC was reduced during partner touch, and the connectivity strength was negatively related to attachment security, with higher reported partner security associated with weaker connectivity. Overall, holding hands with one’s partner attenuates reactivity in emotional brain areas and reduces between-region connectivity.

scholarly journals Pain and breathlessness: Salient, somatosensory and similar, but not the same

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia K. Harrison ◽  
Anja Hayen ◽  
Tor D. Wager ◽  
Kyle T. S. Pattinson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractQuantifying pain currently relies upon subjective self-report. Alongside the inherent variability embedded within these metrics, added complications include the influence of ambiguous or prolonged noxious inputs, or in situations when communication may be compromised. As such, there is continued interest in the development of brain biomarkers of pain, such as in the form of neural ‘signatures’ of brain activity. However, issues pertaining to pain-related specificity remain, and by understanding the current limits of these signatures we can both progress their development and investigate the potentially generalizable properties of pain to other salient and/or somatomotor tasks. Here, we utilized two independent datasets to test one of the established Neural Pain Signatures (the NPS (Wager et al. 2013)). In Study 1, brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 40 healthy subjects during experimentally induced breathlessness, conditioned anticipation of breathlessness and a simple finger opposition task. In Study 2, brain activity was again measured during anticipation and breathlessness in 19 healthy subjects, as well as a modulation with the opioid remifentanil. We were able to identify significant NPS-related brain activity during anticipation and perception of breathlessness, as well as during finger opposition using the global NPS. Furthermore, localised NPS responses were found in early somatomotor regions, bilateral insula and dorsal anterior cingulate for breathlessness and finger opposition. In contrast, no conditions were able to activate the local signature in the dorsal posterior insula - thought to be critical for pain perception. These results provide properties of the present boundaries of the NPS, and offer insight into the overlap between breathlessness and somatomotor conditions with pain.

The Role of the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate in Evaluating Behavior for Achieving Gains and Avoiding Losses

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2328-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Magno ◽  
Cristina Simões-Franklin ◽  
Ian H. Robertson ◽  
Hugh Garavan
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
High Reward ◽  
Error Avoidance ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Striatal System

Effective goal-directed behavior relies on a network of regions including anterior cingulate cortex and ventral striatum to learn from negative outcomes in order to improve performance. We employed fMRI to determine if this frontal–striatal system is also involved in instances of behavior that do not presume negative circumstances. Participants performed a visual target/nontarget search game in which they could optionally abort a trial to avoid errors or receive extra reward for highly confident responses. Anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex were equally activated for error avoidance and high reward trials but were not active on error trials, demonstrating their primary involvement in self-initiated behavioral adjustment and not error detection or prediction. In contrast, the insula and the ventral striatum were responsive to the high reward trials. Differential activation patterns across conditions for the nucleus accumbens, insula, and prefrontal cortex suggest distinct roles for these structures in the control of reward-related behavior.

scholarly journals Partial Similarity Reveals Dynamics in Brainstem-Midbrain Networks during Trigeminal Nociception

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Arne May ◽  
Laura Helene Schulte ◽  
Guido Nolte ◽  
Jan Mehnert
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Seed Region ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Partial Similarity ◽  
Trigeminal Pain ◽  
Trigeminal Nociception ◽  
Insight Into

Imaging studies help us understand the important role of brainstem and midbrain regions in human trigeminal pain processing without solving the question of how these regions actually interact. In the current study, we describe this connectivity and its dynamics during nociception with a novel analytical approach called Partial Similarity (PS). We developed PS specifically to estimate the communication between individual hubs of the network in contrast to the overall communication within that network. Partial Similarity works on trial-to-trial variance of neuronal activity acquired with functional magnetic resonance imaging. It discovers direct communication between two hubs considering the remainder of the network as confounds. A similar method to PS is Representational Similarity, which works with ordinary correlations and does not consider any external influence on the communication between two hubs. Particularly the combination of Representational Similarity and Partial Similarity analysis unravels brainstem dynamics involved in trigeminal pain using the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN)—the first relay station of peripheral trigeminal input—as a seed region. The combination of both methods can be valuable tools in discovering the network dynamics in fMRI and an important instrument for future insight into the nature of various neurological diseases like primary headaches.

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