scholarly journals Microhabitats shape diversity-productivity relationships in freshwater bacterial communities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian L. Schmidt ◽  
Bopaiah A. Biddanda ◽  
Anthony D. Weinke ◽  
Edna Chiang ◽  
Fallon Januska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Productivity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heterotrophic Production

AbstractEukaryotic communities commonly display a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) but the results have been mixed when assessed in bacterial communities. Habitat heterogeneity, a factor in eukaryotic BEFs, may explain these variable observations but it has not been thoroughly evaluated in bacterial communities. Here, we examined the impact of habitat on the relationship between diversity assessed based on richness, evenness, or phylogenetic diversity, and heterotrophic productivity. We sampled co-occurring free-living (more homogenous) and particle-associated (more heterogeneous) bacterial habitats in a freshwater, estuarine lake. Diversity measures, and not environmental variables, were the best predictors of particle-associated heterotrophic production. There was a strong, positive, linear relationship between particle-associated bacterial richness and heterotrophic productivity that strengthened with evenness. There were no observable BEF trends in free-living bacterial communities. Across both habitats, communities with more phylogenetically related taxa had higher per-capita heterotrophic production than communities of phylogenetically distantly related taxa. Our findings show that heterotrophic bacterial productivity is positively correlated with evenness and richness, negatively with phylogenetic diversity, and that BEF relationships are contingent on microhabitats. Our work adds to the understanding of the highly distinct contributions to community diversity and ecosystem functioning contributed by bacteria in free-living and particle-associated aquatic habitats.

scholarly journals Microhabitats are associated with diversity–productivity relationships in freshwater bacterial communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian L Schmidt ◽  
Bopaiah A Biddanda ◽  
Anthony D Weinke ◽  
Edna Chiang ◽  
Fallon Januska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Bacterial Richness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic communities commonly display a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) but the results have been mixed when assessed in bacterial communities. Habitat heterogeneity, a factor in eukaryotic BEFs, may explain these variable observations but it has not been thoroughly evaluated in bacterial communities. Here, we examined the impact of habitat on the relationship between diversity assessed based on the (phylogenetic) Hill diversity metrics and heterotrophic productivity. We sampled co-occurring free-living (more homogenous) and particle-associated (more heterogeneous) bacterial habitats in a freshwater, estuarine lake over three seasons: spring, summer and fall. There was a strong, positive, linear relationship between particle-associated bacterial richness and heterotrophic productivity that strengthened when considering dominant taxa. There were no observable BEF trends in free-living bacterial communities for any diversity metric. Biodiversity, richness and Inverse Simpson's index, were the best predictors of particle-associated production whereas pH was the best predictor of free-living production. Our findings show that heterotrophic productivity is positively correlated with the effective number of taxa and that BEF relationships are associated with microhabitats. These results add to the understanding of the highly distinct contributions to diversity and functioning contributed by bacteria in free-living and particle-associated habitats.

scholarly journals Land use influences stream bacterial communities in lowland tropical watersheds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina A. Chavarria ◽  
Kristin Saltonstall ◽  
Jorge Vinda ◽  
Jorge Batista ◽  
Megan Lindmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Cattle Pasture ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLand use is known to affect water quality yet the impact it has on aquatic microbial communities in tropical systems is poorly understood. We used 16S metabarcoding to assess the impact of land use on bacterial communities in the water column of four streams in central Panama. Each stream was influenced by a common Neotropical land use: mature forest, secondary forest, silvopasture and traditional cattle pasture. Bacterial community diversity and composition were significantly influenced by nearby land uses. Streams bordered by forests had higher phylogenetic diversity (Faith’s PD) and similar community structure (based on weighted UniFrac distance), whereas the stream surrounded by traditional cattle pasture had lower diversity and unique bacterial communities. The silvopasture stream showed strong seasonal shifts, with communities similar to forested catchments during the wet seasons and cattle pasture during dry seasons. We demonstrate that natural forest regrowth and targeted management, such as maintaining and restoring riparian corridors, benefit stream-water microbiomes in tropical landscapes and can provide a rapid and efficient approach to balancing agricultural activities and water quality protection.

A study of the relationship between employee wage and commercial banks efficiency in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159
Author(s):  
Jiangtao Li ◽  
Jianyue Ji ◽  
Yanxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Bank Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Efficiency of a commercial bank affects both its competitiveness and the role it plays in the process of economic development. Although great efforts have been exerted in developing the various aspects of banking efficiency, there seems to be a lack of research on examining the impact of the bank efficiency from the employee wage perspective. The mechanism of how employee wage affects commercial bank efficiency and the relationship between the two were analyzed in this paper. Based on the growing body of research on efficiency in banking, the aim of this paper is to examine if competitiveness of employee wages at any commercial bank has any impact on the bank efficiency score. Design/methodology/approach The method used was quantitative analysis, which was based on comparing the evaluated efficiencies of the banks with employee wages published in the bank reports. The empirical data in this paper were based on 16 Chinese listed commercial banks from 2004 to 2012. The per capita wage of commercial banks was selected as the wage indicator, and the efficiency value obtained by the slack-based measure (SBM) model was selected as the efficiency indicator. According to the calculated data, the Tobit regression model was built to analyze the relationship between employee wage and commercial bank efficiency. Findings The research results show that employee wage is the key variable that influences the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks, and the inverted U-shaped relationship between employee wage and commercial banks efficiency shows up. Practical implications The wage structure data of the composition of basic pay and bonus were not available at the time of conducting the research. Per capita wages were used instead to reflect the employee wage levels of Chinese banks. Originality/value This study can provide some help for the banking industry by analyzing the wage levels from the perspective of efficiency and also further enriches the theoretical system of the relationship between employee wage and bank efficiency.

Can labor productivity growth reduce carbon emission? Evidence from OECD countries and China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli Chen ◽  
Wanshu Ma ◽  
Vivian Valdmanis
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the challenges involved in the trade-offs of labor productivity and per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emission.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, we used a balanced dataset of 36 OECD countries and China between 1990 and 2018. We examined the relationship between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emission for OECD countries and China based on an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Further, the fixed effects model of estimation was employed to examine the impact of variables during the sample period and explore the relationship between predictor and outcome variables within an entity while controlling for all time-invariant differences.FindingsThis study confirmed the existence of the N-shape EKC hypothesis in 36 OECD countries and China. This implies that at the initial development stage, per capita CO2 emission increased with labor productivity; however, after reaching certain threshold, per capita CO2 emission began to fall with rising labor productivity. Then the per capita CO2 emission rises again when labor productivity continually increases.Originality/valueIn this study, we explored the dynamic association between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emissions for 36 OECD countries and China under the EKC framework from 1990 to 2018 by using the labor productivity and per capita CO2 emission as economic and environmental indicators of one country respectively. This study’s contribution showed the following: first, the empirical findings confirmed the N-shape relationship between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emissions for 36 OECD countries and China; second, the findings demonstrated that the association among the underlying variables by testing through the fixed effect model.

scholarly journals Increase in Bacterial Community Diversity in Subsurface Aquifers Receiving Livestock Wastewater Input

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 956-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang-Cheon Cho ◽  
Sang-Jong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Livestock Wastewater ◽  
Contaminated Aquifer ◽  
Bacterial Community Diversity ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Despite intensive studies of microbial-community diversity, the questions of which kinds of microbial populations are associated with changes in community diversity have not yet been fully solved by molecular approaches. In this study, to investigate the impact of livestock wastewater on changes in the bacterial communities in groundwater, bacterial communities in subsurface aquifers were analyzed by characterizing their 16S rDNA sequences. The similarity coefficients of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the cloned 16S ribosomal DNAs showed that the bacterial communities in livestock wastewater samples were more closely related to those in contaminated aquifer samples. In addition, calculations of community diversity clearly showed that bacterial communities in the livestock wastewater and the contaminated aquifer were much more diverse than those in the uncontaminated aquifer. Thus, the increase in bacterial-community diversity in the contaminated aquifer was assumed to be due to the infiltration of livestock wastewater, containing high concentrations of diverse microbial flora, into the aquifer. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences from a subset of the RFLP patterns showed that the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroidesand low-G+C gram-positive groups originating from livestock wastewater were responsible for the change in the bacterial community in groundwater. This was evidenced by the occurrence of rumen-related sequences not only in the livestock wastewater samples but also in the contaminated-groundwater samples. Rumen-related sequences, therefore, can be used as indicator sequences for fecal contamination of groundwater, particularly from livestock.

scholarly journals The Relationship between National and Entrepreneurial Culture: The Role of National Wealth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Simić ◽  
Vinko Lepojević
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
National Economy ◽  
National Income ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
Entrepreneurial Culture ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Research Question: The paper examines the impact of specific Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture on entrepreneurial culture, depending on the wealth of the national economy. Motivation: Based on the results of some previous research focused on the relationship between national culture and various indicators associated with entrepreneurship (Hayton, George & Zahra, 2002; Pinillos & Reyes, 2011; Zhao, Li & Rauch, 2012; Hayton & Cacciotti, 2013), the paper analyses the impact of national culture on entrepreneurial culture, as a category closely related to entrepreneurship. The identification of the national culture's dimensions contributing to the affirmation of entrepreneurial culture, provides an insight into the entrepreneurial potential of a particular national economy. Idea: The main idea of the paper is to examine whether selected Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture (power distance - PD, uncertainty avoidance – UA, individualism – IDV) affect entrepreneurial culture (EC) in a manner identical to that affecting the other indicators of entrepreneurship. The mentioned relationship is not examined as unmediated, but in the context of the effect that national wealth (measured as Gross National Income per capita - GNI) has on it. Data: The survey covered a total of 108 countries for which the data on the values of three selected dimensions of national culture, the index of entrepreneurial culture and the Gross National Income per capita are available. Tools: In order to examine the effect of three selected Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture on entrepreneurial culture, correlation and standard multiple regression analyses were conducted. For data processing, statistical software SPSS (version 22.0) was used. Findings: The obtained results of the research show that in national economies with higher levels of IDV and lower levels of UA, higher scores of the EC index are manifested, regardless of the national wealth. On the other hand, the impact of PD on EC is determined by the level of a particular economy's wealth. In high-income economies (HIE), the index of EC is higher if PD is lower. In low- and middle-income economies (LIE), higher values of EC index are manifested if PD is higher. Contribution: The paper expands the knowledge and research base on entrepreneurial culture and the influence that national culture has on it.

The Impact of Accelerometer Wear Location on the Relationship between Step Counts and Arterial Health in Free-Living Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. S64-S65
Author(s):  
Alexandra B. Cooke' ◽  
Stella S. Daskalopoulou ◽  
Kaberi Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Ekonomika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Jankauskas ◽  
Janina Šeputienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Openness To Trade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Economic literature recognizes three “deep determinants” of economic development: institutions, geography and openness to trade. Discussion in the literature focuses on what part of the income per capita variation can be explained by institutions, geography and openness to trade. The empirical results can’t offer a clear answer, but there is a broader agreement in the literature that institutions play a more important role than geography and openness to trade. What is unclear whether the institutions also can explain variation in per capita income across countries, in which institutional environment is to some degree similar..This article aims to explore and quantify the relationship of the income level with institutional environment, geography and openness to trade across countries, grouped according their institutional environment quality.The results reveal that extent to which the variation in GDP per capita can be associated with the quality of institutional environment differs a lot between good and bad institutional environment samples. The results in good institutional environment sample come in line with series of studies in which the strong and positive link between various measures of institutions and economic development was established and support primacy of institutions over openness to trade and geography. I In bad institutional environment sample, on the contrary,no evidence was found that institutions mean a lot in respect of differences in GDP per capita. These results should not be interpreted so as to mean that institutional environment is not important, rather the degree of “badness” makes no difference.

scholarly journals Resource diversity structures aquatic bacterial communities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario E. Muscarella ◽  
Claudia M. Boot ◽  
Corey D. Broeckling ◽  
Jay T. Lennon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Resource Heterogeneity ◽  
Resource Concentration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Resource Diversity ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTMicrobial diversity is strongly affected by the bottom-up effects of resource availability. However, because resource pools often exist as heterogeneous mixtures of distinct molecules, resource heterogeneity may also affect community diversity. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed bacterial communities in lakes that varied in resource concentration. In addition, we characterized resource heterogeneity in these lakes using an ecosystem metabolomics approach. Overall, resource concentration and resource heterogeneity affected bacterial resource-diversity relationships. We found strong relationships between bacterial alpha-diversity (richness and evenness) and resource concentration and richness, but richness and evenness responded in different ways. Likewise, we found associations between the composition of the bacterial community and both resource concentration and composition, but the relationship with resource composition was stronger. Last, in the surveyed communities the presence of resource generalists may have reduced the effect of resource heterogeneity on community composition. These results have implications for understanding the interactions between bacteria and organic matter and suggest that changes in organic matter composition may alter the structure and function of bacterial communities.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE: THE CASE OF CANADA, SPAIN AND INDONESIAN ON CO2EMISSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Erwinsyah
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The Environmental Kuznets Curve is used to investigate the relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita. The economic growth measured from the change of income per capita contributes negative externalities to nature, and education contributes to better knowledge for sustainable development. The purpose of this research was to apply the Environmental Kuznets Curve to see the impact of income per capita and education on environmental degradation. The objective of this research was to examine how GDP per capita and education contribute to per capita CO2emission in Canada, Spain, and Indonesia. The research output showed a relationship between per capita GDP with per capita CO2emission in Canada and Spain. Contribution of per capita GDP to per capita CO2emission of Canada higher than Spain. The higher per capita GDP will rise per capita CO2emission. The per capita GDP of Indonesia does did contribute significantly to per capita CO2emission. The was also a significant relationship between education quality and per capita CO2emission in Canada, Spain, and Indonesia. The better education quality in Canada and Spain contribute to lower per capita CO2 emissions. Education quality in Indonesia contributed to the higher per capita CO2emission. Keywords:Environmental Kuznets Curve, Per Capita CO2 Emission, Per Capita GDP, Education

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document