scholarly journals Quantifying antimicrobial access and practices for paediatric diarrheal disease in an urban community setting in Southeast Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi Quynh Nhi ◽  
Ruklanthi de Alwis ◽  
Phung Khanh Lam ◽  
Nguyen Nhon Hoa ◽  
Nguyen Minh Nhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Antimicrobial Prescribing ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diarrheal Incidence

AbstractAntimicrobial-resistant infections are increasing across Asia. Aiming to evaluate antimicrobial access and practices in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) of Vietnam, we mapped pharmacy locations and used a simulated client method to calculate antimicrobial sales for paediatric diarrheal disease. We additionally evaluated healthcare choices for parents and caregivers when their children experienced diarrhoea. District 8 (population 396,175) of HCMC had 301 pharmacies (one for every 1,316 people), with a density of 15.8 pharmacies/km2. A wide range of different treatments (n=57) were sold for paediatric diarrheal disease, with 8% (3/37) and 22% (8/37) of the sampled pharmacies selling antimicrobials for watery and mucoid diarrhoea, respectively. Despite the apparent abundance of pharmacies, the majority of caregivers chose to take their child to a specialized hospital, with 81% (319/396) and 88% (347/396) of responders selecting this as their first, second, or third choice for watery and mucoid diarrhoea, respectively. Lastly, by combining denominators derived from caregiver interviews and diarrheal incidence figures, we calculated that 16% (2,359/14,427) of watery or mucoid diarrhoea episodes of the District 8 population aged 1 to <5 years would receive an antimicrobial for diarrhoea annually, but antimicrobial prescribing was almost ten times greater in hospitals than in the community. Our novel mixed-methods approach found that, whilst antimicrobials are commonly available for paediatric diarrhoea in the community of HCMC, usage is greater in hospitals. The observed non-standardized approach to diarrheal treatments is indicative of poor recommendations. We advocate better guidelines, training and dissemination of information regarding antimicrobials and their use in this location.

scholarly journals A disconnect in media accountability: Spanish journalists’ and citizens’ perceptions of established and innovative instruments at the organizational level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Ramon ◽  
Marcel Mauri-Ríos ◽  
Jesús Díaz-Campo ◽  
Juan Carlos Suárez-Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Wide Range

In the current media landscape, accountability can be promoted through a wide range of established and innovative instruments. Focusing on the Spanish context, this article examines journalists’ perceptions of in-house accountability instrument effectiveness and analyses citizens’ knowledge and understanding of these mechanisms. A mixed-methods approach was employed: an online survey was administered to Spanish journalists (N = 228), and six citizen focus groups (38 participants in total) were established in several regions of Spain (Andalusia, Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia, Madrid and Valencia). Findings showed that journalists’ evaluation of media accountability instruments is remarkably limited, scoring 5.82 out of 10 points in the highest case. From the citizens’ perspective, the overwhelming lack of visibility and relative distrust towards these instruments are revealed. This double disconnect from accountability brings to light the need to rethink and reinvigorate the existing instruments so they can effectively contribute to the goal of rebuilding trust in journalism.

scholarly journals The Quest for Sustainable Teaching Praxis: Opportunities and Challenges of Multidisciplinary and Multicultural Teamwork

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elli Doukanari ◽  
Despo Ktoridou ◽  
Leonidas Efthymiou ◽  
Epaminondas Epaminonda
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Case Based Learning ◽  
Case Based

This article explores the dynamics arising by multidisciplinary and multicultural student teams (MMT), working through Case-based Learning (CBL) and Problem-based Learning (PBL); as well as its use as a sustainable teaching practice. Based on a mixed methods approach, which includes observation (both physical and virtual) and questionnaires, the study reveals that MMT through CBL and PBL can both facilitate and hinder sustainable learning. Our findings show that while MMT enhances knowledge sharing, it also poses a wide range of challenges, raising questions about its social significance as a sustainable teaching practice. The study suggests the implementation of certain mechanisms, such as &lsquo;Teamwork Training&rsquo; and &lsquo;Pedagogical Mentors&rsquo;, aiming to strengthen the sustainable orientation of MMT through CBL and PBL.

Antiracism Without Antiracists

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Ogorzalek
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Horizontal Integration ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Partisan Realignment

This pivotal chapter draws on the insights of city delegation theory and uses a mixed-methods approach to help explain one of the most important changes in American political history—the midcentury partisan realignment in response to civil rights. Using a wide range of evidence and analysis, this chapter illustrates how city representatives, including those with all-white constituencies who were not particularly supportive of civil rights, were cohesively supportive of a new approach to national race relations. Throughout the Long New Deal, city representatives—especially those from cities with strong local institutions of horizontal integration—were the most supportive of civil rights liberalism. This account forces a reconsideration of the forces behind political change and examines how local institutions can build alliances to support inclusive policies and politics, even when the constituencies behind such coalitions are not natural allies.

Exploring Social Identity Among People with Disabilities: A Mixed-Methods Approach

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adena T. Rottenstein ◽  
Ryan J. Dougherty ◽  
Alexis Strouse ◽  
Lily Hashemi ◽  
Hilary Baruch
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach

Constructing Pathways to Responsible Manhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-91
Author(s):  
Mellie Torres ◽  
Alejandro E. Carrión ◽  
Roberto Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Latino Men ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
Latino Boys ◽  
The Media ◽  
Stark Contrast

Recent studies have focused on challenging deficit narratives and discourses perpetuating the criminalization of Latino men and boys. But even with this emerging literature, mainstream counter-narratives of young Latino boys and their attitudes towards manhood and masculinity stand in stark contrast to the dangerous and animalistic portrayals of Latino boys and men in the media and society. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the authors draw on the notion of counter-storytelling to explore how Latino boys try to reframe masculinity, manhood, and what they label as ‘responsible manhood.’ Counter-storytelling and narratives provide a platform from which to challenge the discourse, narratives, and imaginaries guiding the conceptualization of machismo. In their counter-narratives, Latino boys critiqued how they are raced, gendered, and Othered in derogatory ways.

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