scholarly journals Paleocene origin of the Neotropical lineage of cleptoparasitc bees Ericrocidini-Rhathymini (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline C. Martins ◽  
David R. Luz ◽  
Gabriel A. R. Melo
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Classification ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sister Relationships ◽  
Floral Oil ◽  
Immature Host

AbstractCleptoparasitic bees abandoned the pollen collecting for their offspring and lay their eggs on other bees’ provisioned nests. Also known as cuckoo bees they belong to several lineages, especially diverse in Apinae. We focused on a lineage of Apinae cleptoparasitic bees, the clade Ericrocidini+Rhathymini, which attack nests of the oil-collecting bees. We sequenced five genes for a broad sampling in this clade plus a large outgroup and reconstruct phylogeny and divergence times. We confirmed the monophyly of the clade Ericrocidini+Rhathymini and its position inside the ericrocidine line, together with the tribes Protepeolini, Isepeolini and Coelioxoidini. Our results corroborate the current taxonomic classification. Ericrocis is the basal most lineage in Ericrocidini and the position of Acanthopus and the most diverse genus Mesoplia were inconclusive. Ericrocidini+Rhathymini diverged from Parepeolus aterrimus 74 mya in the Cretaceous. Considering the robust molecular evidence of their sister relationships, the striking differences on the first instar larvae morphology of the two groups are probably adaptations to the distinct nesting biology of their hosts. As other parasites in the ericrocidine line, both groups possess larvae adapted to kill the immature host and to feed on floral oil provisioned by the host female. The evolution of host specialization in the line Ericrocidini+Rhathymini retroced to the Eocene when they arose synchronously with their hosts, Centris and Epicharis.

Taxonomic classification of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia based on next-generation sequencing: is there molecular evidence for its presence in tardigrades?

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mioduchowska ◽  
Bartosz Nitkiewicz ◽  
Milena Roszkowska ◽  
Uroš Kačarević ◽  
Piotr Madanecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Taxonomic Classification ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbiont ◽  
New Research ◽  
Generation Sequencing

We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA to test whether tardigrade species are infected with Wolbachia parasites. We applied SILVA and Greengenes databases that allowed taxonomic classification of bacterial sequences to OTUs. The results obtained from both databases differed considerably in the number of OTUs, and only the Greengenes database allowed identification of Wolbachia (infection was also supported by comparison of sequences to NCBI database). The putative bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia was discovered only in adult eutardigrades, while bacteria identified down to the order Rickettsiales were detected in both eutardigrade eggs and adult specimens. Nevertheless, the frequency of Wolbachia in the bacterial communities of the studied eutardigrades was low. Similarly, in our positive control, i.e. a fairy shrimp Streptocephalus cafer, which was found to be infected with Wolbachia in our previous study using Sanger sequencing, only the Rickettsiales were detected. We also carried out phylogenetic reconstruction using Wolbachia sequences from the SILVA and Greengenes databases, Alphaproteobacteria putative endosymbionts and Rickettsiales OTUs obtained in the previous studies on the microbial community of tardigrades as well as Rickettsiales and Wolbachia OTUs obtained in the current study. Our discovery of Wolbachia in tardigrades can fuel new research to uncover the specifics of this interaction.

Molecular evidence on plant divergence times

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1656-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sanderson ◽  
Jeffrey L. Thorne ◽  
Niklas Wikström ◽  
Kåre Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Divergence Times ◽  
Molecular Evidence

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence for Recent Radiation in Southern Hemisphere Masked Gulls

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Given ◽  
James A. Mills ◽  
Allan J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Smoothing Methods ◽  
Larus Ridibundus

Abstract Masked gulls are believed, on the basis of morphological and recent molecular work, to be a monophyletic group within the Laridae, but relationships of species within the group are not well resolved. We used sequence data from four mitochondrial DNA genes (ND2, ND5, ATPase6, and ATPase 8) totaling >3,600 base pairs to clarify relationships among the species and test competing hypotheses about their origin and biogeography. Monophyly of the masked gulls was confirmed. We also found strong support for a clade including all Southern Hemisphere masked gulls as well as a lone Northern Hemisphere representative, the Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus). The Australasian taxa form a well-supported clade, in which the Black-billed Gull (L. bulleri) is sister to the Red-billed Gull (L. novaehollandiae scopulinus) of New Zealand and the Australian Silver Gull (L. n. novaehollandiae). Another well-supported clade includes the Black-headed Gull as sister to the South African Hartlaub's Gull (L. hartlaubii) and the Gray-hooded Gull (L. cirrocephalus) of Africa and South America. The strongly supported position of L. ridibundus within the “southern clade” suggests that it originated from a Southern Hemisphere ancestor and recently dispersed into the Northern Hemisphere. Estimates of divergence times using rate-smoothing methods are consistent with those from previous molecular work and suggest that (1) masked gulls diverged from other gulls <2 mya and (2) much of the radiation in the group occurred in the last 600,000 years. Preuve moléculaire de la radiation récente chez les mouettes “masquées” de l'hémisphère sud

Direct molecular evidence for the expression of the 5-HT4 receptor in rat colonocytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A171-A171
Author(s):  
M STONER ◽  
D YAGER ◽  
J KELLUM
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evidence

A new species of Contomastix (Squamata, Teiidae) supported by total evidence, with remarks on diagnostic characters defining the genus

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Mario. R. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Molecular Characters

Formerly Cnemidophorus was thought to be the most speciose genus of Teiidae. This genus comprised four morphological groups that were later defined as four different genera, Ameivula, Aurivela, Cnemidophorus and Contomastix. The last appears as paraphyletic in a recent phylogenetic reconstruction based on morphology, but monophyletic in a reconstruction using molecular characters. Six species are allocated to Contomastix. One of them, C. lacertoides, having an extensive and disjunct geographic distribution in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. Preliminary analyses revealed morphological differences among its populations, suggesting that it is actually a complex of species. Here, we describe a new species corresponding to the Argentinian populations hitherto regarded as C. lacertoides, by integrating morphological and molecular evidence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the presence of notched proximal margin of the tongue is a character that defines the genus Contomastix.

Molecular evidence of osteoblast dysfunction in elderly men with osteoporotic hip fractures

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Foger-Samwald ◽  
Alaghebandan Afarin ◽  
Janina Patsch ◽  
Doris Schamall ◽  
Sylvia Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Elderly Men

PERÍODO DE DESOVA E SUCESSO REPRODUTIVO DO TRACAJÁ Podocnemis unifilis TROSCHEL 1848 (TESTUDINES: PODOCNEMIDIDAE) NA VÁRZEA DA RDSM – MÉDIO SOLIMÕES, BRASIL

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Augusto Fachín Terán ◽  
Eduardo Matheus Von Mülhen
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Sand Beach ◽  
Podocnemis Unifilis ◽  
Turtle Population ◽  
Nesting Beaches ◽  
Conservation And Management ◽  
Tegu Lizard ◽  
Solimões River

In this study the nesting biology of Podocnem is unifilis was investigated from July to November 1998 at the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, located in the Solimões river, near Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil. Podocnemis unifilis nested in August and September, with the hatching event occurring in October and November. Nests were excavated in clay soils (67.5%), sand (25%), and leaf litter (7.5%). Hatching success was highest in the sand beach nests and lowest in the clay banks nests. Humans and the tegu lizard (Tupinambis) were the main egg predators. This turtle population can recover only by the protection of nesting beaches, educational programs for the in habitants of the Reserve, participation of the community in the conservation and management program , and permanent guarding of the nesting beaches by Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis-IBAMA authorities.

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