scholarly journals Selection for Pollen Competitive Ability in Mixed Mating Systems

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Counter Selection ◽  
Selection For

ABSTRACTCo-expression of genes in plant sporophytes and gametophytes allows correlated gametic and sporophytic selection. Theory predicts that, under outcrossing, an allele conferring greater pollen competitive ability should fix within a population unless antagonistic pleiotropy with the sporophyte stage is strong. However, under strong selfing, pollen competitiveness is immaterial as superior and inferior competitors are deposited on opposite stigmas, producing assortative competition. Because many plant species have mixed-mating systems, selfing should be critical in the spread and maintenance of pollen-expressed genes affecting competitiveness. We present two one-locus, two-allele population genetic models for the evolution of a locus controlling pleiotropic antagonism between pollen competitiveness and diploid fitness. Analytical solutions provide minimum and maximum selfing rates allowing invasion of alleles with greater diploid and haploid fitness respectively. Further, polymorphism is only maintained when diploid selection is recessive. Fixation of the allele conferring greater pollen competitiveness may be prevented, even with weak sporophytic counter-selection, with sufficiently high selfing. Finally, selfing expands and limits the range of haploid-diploid selection coefficients allowing polymorphism, depending on dominance and selfing mode.

scholarly journals Selection for pollen competitive ability in mixed-mating systems

Evolution ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2513-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline A. E. Peters ◽  
Arthur E. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Selection For

Mating strategies dictate the importance of insect visits to native plants in urban fragments

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
E. L. Eakin-Busher ◽  
P. G. Ladd ◽  
J. B. Fontaine ◽  
R. J. Standish
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Woodland ◽  
Plant Mating Systems ◽  
Plant Mating

Plant species conservation relies on their reproductive success and likelihood of population persistence. Knowledge of plant mating systems, particularly the relationship between plants and their pollinators, is fundamental to inform conservation efforts. This knowledge could be critical for prioritising efforts in human-dominated fragmented landscapes such as the world’s biodiversity hotspots, where reproductive success can be compromised due to habitat loss, limited access to pollinators or other factors. Yet, fundamental data on plant mating systems are lacking for many Australian plants. Here we determined the mating systems of native plant species growing in native woodland fragments within Perth’s urban landscape in south-western Australia. We manipulated insect access to flowers and pollen transfer on five locally common native species, then observed floral visitors and examined reproductive success. Hemiandra pungens and Patersonia occidentalis had mixed mating systems with some ability to self-pollinate, whereas Dianella revoluta and Jacksonia sericea were reliant on insects for outcross pollination. The fruits and seeds produced by Tricoryne elatior were too low to draw conclusions about its mating system. The introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera) was the sole visitor to the mixed mating species, whereas native bees visited D. revoluta and J. sericea (one bee species each). Overall, our data suggest that D. revoluta and J. sericea are more vulnerable to fragmentation than H. pungens and P. occidentalis. Although insects contributed significantly to the reproductive output of the two former plant species, our observations suggested low frequency and richness of insect visitors to these urban fragments. More research is required to determine the generality of our findings. A comparative study in larger native woodland fragments would help estimate the effect of fragmentation on insect pollinators and consequences for the insect-reliant plant species.

scholarly journals Fitness dependence preserves selection for recombination across diverse mixed mating systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sviatoslav Rybnikov ◽  
Daniel B. Weissman ◽  
Sariel Hübner ◽  
Abraham B. Korol
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Best Constant ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Equal Rate ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Fitness Dependence

AbstractMeiotic recombination and the factors affecting its rate and fate in nature have inspired many theoretical studies in evolutionary biology. Classical theoretical models have inferred that non-zero recombination can be favoured under a rather restricted parameter range. Thus, the ubiquity of recombination in nature remains an open question. However, these models assumed constant (uniform) recombination with an equal rate across all individuals within the population. Models of fitness-dependent recombination, with the rate varying among genotypes according to their fitness have shown that such a strategy can often be favoured over the best constant recombination. Here we use simulations to show that across a range of mating systems with varying frequencies of selfing and clonality, fitness-dependent recombination is often favoured even when any non-zero constant recombination is disfavoured. This recombination-protecting effect of fitness dependence is strongest under intermediate rates of selfing or high rates of clonality.

Modified rescue and risk expectations for species with diverse mating systems and modes of inheritance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Systems ◽  
Outbreeding Depression ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

The risks of inbreeding and outbreeding depression, and the prospects for genetic rescue are often different in species with alternative mating systems and mode of inheritance (compared to outbreeding diploids), such as self-incompatible, self-fertilizing, mixed mating, non-diploid (haploid, haplodiploid and polyploid) and asexual.

Fitness dependence preserves selection for recombination across diverse mixed mating strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 110849
Author(s):  
Sviatoslav Rybnikov ◽  
Daniel B. Weissman ◽  
Sariel Hübner ◽  
Abraham B. Korol
Keyword(s):  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fitness Dependence

The relationship between facial whorl direction and sidedness in ridden horses

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
H. Randle ◽  
E. Elworthy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Facial Hair ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The influence of Natural Selection on the evolution of the horse (Equus callabus) is minimal due to its close association with humans. Instead Artificial Selection is commonly imposed through selection for features such as a ‘breed standard’ or competitive ability. It has long been considered to be useful if indicators of characteristics such as physical ability could be identified. Kidd (1902) suggested that the hair coverings of animals were closely related to their lifestyle, whether they were active or passive. In 1973 Smith and Gong concluded that hair whorl (trichloglyph) pattern and human behaviour is linked since hair patterning is determined at the same time as the brain develops in the foetus. More recently Grandin et al. (1995), Randle (1998) and Lanier et al. (2001) linked features of facial hair whorls to behaviour and production in cattle. Hair whorl features have also been related to temperament in equines (Randle et al., 2003).

Plant mating systems and assessing population persistence in fragmented landscapes

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Coates ◽  
Jane F. Sampson ◽  
Colin J. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Habitat Disturbance ◽  
Population Persistence ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Fragmented Landscapes

Population size and habitat disturbance are key factors likely to shape the mating system of populations in disturbed and fragmented landscapes. They would be expected to influence the availability and behaviour of the pollinator, the ability to find mates in self-incompatible species, inbreeding in self-compatible species and the size of the pollen pool. These in turn might be expected to influence key variables critical for population persistence such as seed production, seed germination and seedling fitness. Here we investigate mating-system variation in six rare species, i.e. Banksia cuneata, B. oligantha, Lambertia orbifolia (Proteaceae), Verticordia fimbrilepis subsp. fimbrilepis, Eucalyptus rameliana (Myrtaceae), Acacia sciophanes (Mimosaceae), and two common species, i.e. Calothamnus quadrifidus (Myrtaceae) and Acacia anfractuosa. All seven species are animal-pollinated relatively long-lived woody shrubs with mixed-mating systems. Population variation in mating-system parameters was investigated in relation to population size and habitat disturbance. We show that although the mating system will vary depending on pollination biology and life-history, as populations get smaller and habitat disturbance increases there is a trend towards increased inbreeding, smaller effective sizes of paternal pollen pools and greater variation in outcrossing among plants. From the species investigated in this study we have found that changes in the mating system can be useful indicators of population processes and can give valuable insight into the development of conservation strategies for the persistence of plant species following anthropogenic disturbance and landscape fragmentation.

scholarly journals Why and How to Switch to Genomic Selection: Lessons From Plant and Animal Breeding Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aline Fugeray-Scarbel ◽  
Catherine Bastien ◽  
Mathilde Dupont-Nivet ◽  
Stéphane Lemarié
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For

The present study is a transversal analysis of the interest in genomic selection for plant and animal species. It focuses on the arguments that may convince breeders to switch to genomic selection. The arguments are classified into three different “bricks.” The first brick considers the addition of genotyping to improve the accuracy of the prediction of breeding values. The second consists of saving costs and/or shortening the breeding cycle by replacing all or a portion of the phenotyping effort with genotyping. The third concerns population management to improve the choice of parents to either optimize crossbreeding or maintain genetic diversity. We analyse the relevance of these different bricks for a wide range of animal and plant species and sought to explain the differences between species according to their biological specificities and the organization of breeding programs.

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