scholarly journals Endodermal differentiation is reconstructed by coordination of two parallel signaling systems derived from the stele in roots

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxue Li ◽  
Qiaozhi Yu ◽  
Chunmiao Xu ◽  
Xu Gu ◽  
Shilian Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Fate Map ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Casparian Strips

AbstractThe plant roots represent the exquisitely controlled cell fate map in which different cell types undergo a complete status transition from stem cell division and initial fate specification, to the terminal differentiation. The endodermis is initially specified in meristem but further differentiates to form Casparian strips (CSs), the apoplastic barrier in the mature zone for the selective transport between stele and outer tissues, and thus is regarded as plant inner skin. In the Arabidopsis thaliana root the transcription factors SHORTROOT (SHR) regulate asymmetric cell division in cortical initials to separate endodermal and cortex cell layer. In this paper, we utilized synthetic approach to examine the reconstruction of fully functional Casparian strips in plant roots. Our results revealed that SHR serves as a master regulator of a hierarchical signaling cascade that, combined with stele-derived small peptides, is sufficient to rebuild the functional CS in non-endodermal cells. This is a demonstration of the deployment of two parallel signaling systems, in which both apoplastic and symplastic communication were employed, for coordinately specifying the endodermal cell fate.

scholarly journals A new role for Notch in the control of polarity and asymmetric cell division of developing T cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirren Charnley ◽  
Mandy Ludford-Menting ◽  
Kim Pham ◽  
Sarah M. Russell
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Notch Signalling ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Fate Determinants ◽  
Different Cell Types

AbstractA fundamental question in biology is how single cells can reliably produce progeny of different cell types. Notch signalling frequently facilitates fate determination. Asymmetric cell division (ACD) often controls segregation of Notch signalling by imposing unequal inheritance of regulators of Notch. Here, we assessed the functional relationship between Notch and ACD in mouse T cell development. To attain immunological specificity, developing T cells must pass through a pivotal stage termed β-selection, which involves Notch signalling and ACD. We assessed functional interactions between Notch and ACD during β-selection using direct presentation of Notch ligands, DL1 and DL4, and pharmacological inhibition of Notch signalling. Contrary to prevailing models, we find Notch controls distribution of Notch1 itself and cell fate determinants, α-Adaptin and Numb. Notch and CXCR4 signalling cooperated to drive polarity during division. Thus, Notch signalling directly orchestrates ACD, and Notch1 is differentially inherited by sibling cells.

Centromere assembly and non-random sister chromatid segregation in stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben L. Carty ◽  
Elaine M. Dunleavy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Centromere Protein A ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis

Abstract Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces daughter cells with separate distinct cell fates and is critical for the development and regulation of multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms are key players in cell fate determination. Centromeres, epigenetically specified loci defined by the presence of the histone H3-variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A), are essential for chromosome segregation at cell division. ACDs in stem cells and in oocyte meiosis have been proposed to be reliant on centromere integrity for the regulation of the non-random segregation of chromosomes. It has recently been shown that CENP-A is asymmetrically distributed between the centromeres of sister chromatids in male and female Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), with more CENP-A on sister chromatids to be segregated to the GSC. This imbalance in centromere strength correlates with the temporal and asymmetric assembly of the mitotic spindle and potentially orientates the cell to allow for biased sister chromatid retention in stem cells. In this essay, we discuss the recent evidence for asymmetric sister centromeres in stem cells. Thereafter, we discuss mechanistic avenues to establish this sister centromere asymmetry and how it ultimately might influence cell fate.

Asymmetric organelle inheritance predicts human blood stem cell fate

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Loeffler ◽  
Florin Schneiter ◽  
Weijia Wang ◽  
Arne Wehling ◽  
Tobias Kull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Fate ◽  
Blood Stem Cells

Understanding human hematopoietic stem cell fate control is important for their improved therapeutic manipulation. Asymmetric cell division, the asymmetric inheritance of factors during division instructing future daughter cell fates, was recently described in mouse blood stem cells. In human blood stem cells, the possible existence of asymmetric cell division remained unclear due to technical challenges in its direct observation. Here, we use long-term quantitative single-cell imaging to show that lysosomes and active mitochondria are asymmetrically inherited in human blood stem cells and that their inheritance is a coordinated, non-random process. Furthermore, multiple additional organelles, including autophagosomes, mitophagosomes, autolysosomes and recycling endosomes show preferential asymmetric co-segregation with lysosomes. Importantly, asymmetric lysosomal inheritance predicts future asymmetric daughter cell cycle length, differentiation and stem cell marker expression, while asymmetric inheritance of active mitochondria correlates with daughter metabolic activity. Hence, human hematopoietic stem cell fates are regulated by asymmetric cell division, with both mechanistic evolutionary conservation and differences to the mouse system.

Strontium regulates stem cell fate during osteogenic differentiation through asymmetric cell division

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 432-443
Author(s):  
Yanqun Li ◽  
Jianhui Yue ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Min Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Stem Cell Fate

scholarly journals Cytokine receptor-Eb1 interaction couples cell polarity and fate during asymmetric cell division

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuie Chen ◽  
Ryan Cummings ◽  
Aghapi Mordovanakis ◽  
Alan J Hunt ◽  
Michael Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
Spindle Orientation ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal

Asymmetric stem cell division is a critical mechanism for balancing self-renewal and differentiation. Adult stem cells often orient their mitotic spindle to place one daughter inside the niche and the other outside of it to achieve asymmetric division. It remains unknown whether and how the niche may direct division orientation. Here we discover a novel and evolutionary conserved mechanism that couples cell polarity to cell fate. We show that the cytokine receptor homolog Dome, acting downstream of the niche-derived ligand Upd, directly binds to the microtubule-binding protein Eb1 to regulate spindle orientation in Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs). Dome’s role in spindle orientation is entirely separable from its known function in self-renewal mediated by the JAK-STAT pathway. We propose that integration of two functions (cell polarity and fate) in a single receptor is a key mechanism to ensure an asymmetric outcome following cell division.

scholarly journals Numb-Associated Kinase Interacts with the Phosphotyrosine Binding Domain of Numb and Antagonizes the Function of Numb In Vivo

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 598-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-ting Chien ◽  
Shuwen Wang ◽  
Michael Rothenberg ◽  
Lily Y. Jan ◽  
Yuh Nung Jan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Phosphotyrosine Binding Domain ◽  
Ptb Domain

ABSTRACT During asymmetric cell division, the membrane-associated Numb protein localizes to a crescent in the mitotic progenitor and is segregated predominantly to one of the two daughter cells. We have identified a putative serine/threonine kinase, Numb-associated kinase (Nak), which interacts physically with the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain of Numb. The PTB domains of Shc and insulin receptor substrate bind to an NPXY motif which is not present in the region of Nak that interacts with Numb PTB domain. We found that the Numb PTB domain but not the Shc PTB domain interacts with Nak through a peptide of 11 amino acids, implicating a novel and specific protein-protein interaction. Overexpression of Nak in the sensory organs causes both daughters of a normally asymmetric cell division to adopt the same cell fate, a transformation similar to the loss of numb function phenotype and opposite the cell fate transformation caused by overexpression of Numb. The frequency of cell fate transformation is sensitive to the numb gene dosage, as expected from the physical interaction between Nak and Numb. These findings indicate that Nak may play a role in cell fate determination during asymmetric cell divisions.

scholarly journals Wnt-and Glutamate-receptors orchestrate stem cell dynamics and asymmetric cell division

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Junyent ◽  
Joshua C Reeves ◽  
James LA Szczerkowski1 ◽  
Clare L Garcin ◽  
Tung-Jui Trieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Kainate Receptors

The Wnt-pathway is part of a signalling network that regulates many aspects of cell biology. Recently we discovered crosstalk between AMPA/Kainate-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and the Wnt-pathway during the initial Wnt3a-interaction at the cytonemes of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, we demonstrate that this crosstalk persists throughout the Wnt3a-response in ESCs. Both AMPA- and Kainate-receptors regulate early Wnt3a-recruitment, dynamics on the cell membrane, and orientation of the spindle towards a Wnt3a-source at mitosis. AMPA-receptors specifically are required for segregating cell fate components during Wnt3a-mediated asymmetric cell division (ACD). Using Wnt-pathway component knockout lines, we determine that Wnt co-receptor Lrp6 has particular functionality over Lrp5 in cytoneme formation, and in facilitating ACD. Both Lrp5 and 6, alongside pathway effector β-catenin act in concert to mediate the positioning of the dynamic interaction with, and spindle orientation to, a localized Wnt3a-source. Wnt-iGluR crosstalk may prove pervasive throughout embryonic and adult stem cell signalling.

scholarly journals Asymmetric cell division during T cell development controls downstream fate

2015 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Pham ◽  
Raz Shimoni ◽  
Mirren Charnley ◽  
Mandy J. Ludford-Menting ◽  
Edwin D. Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
T Cell Development ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Fate Determinants ◽  
Cell Fate Determinants ◽  
Selection Stage

During mammalian T cell development, the requirement for expansion of many individual T cell clones, rather than merely expansion of the entire T cell population, suggests a possible role for asymmetric cell division (ACD). We show that ACD of developing T cells controls cell fate through differential inheritance of cell fate determinants Numb and α-Adaptin. ACD occurs specifically during the β-selection stage of T cell development, and subsequent divisions are predominantly symmetric. ACD is controlled by interaction with stromal cells and chemokine receptor signaling and uses a conserved network of polarity regulators. The disruption of polarity by deletion of the polarity regulator, Scribble, or the altered inheritance of fate determinants impacts subsequent fate decisions to influence the numbers of DN4 cells arising after the β-selection checkpoint. These findings indicate that ACD enables the thymic microenvironment to orchestrate fate decisions related to differentiation and self-renewal.

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