scholarly journals Arabidopsis HIPP27 is a host susceptibility gene for the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran S. Radakovic ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Anjam ◽  
Elizabeth Escobar ◽  
Divykriti Chopra ◽  
Javier Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode

SummarySedentary plant-parasitic cyst nematodes are obligate biotrophs that infect the roots of their host plant. Their parasitism is based on modification of root cells to form a hypermetabolic syncytium from which the nematodes draw their nutrients. The aim of this study was to identify nematode susceptibility genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and to characterize their roles in supporting the parasitism of Heterodera schachtii. By selecting genes that were most strongly upregulated in response to cyst nematode infection, we identified HIPP27 (HEAVY METAL-ASSOCIATED ISOPRENYLATED PLANT PROTEIN 27) as a host susceptibility factor required for beet cyst nematode infection and development. Detailed expression analysis revealed that HIPP27 is a cytoplasmic protein and that HIPP27 is strongly expressed in leaves, young roots and nematode-induced syncytia. Loss-of-function Arabidopsis hipp27 mutants exhibited severely reduced susceptibility to H. schachtii and abnormal starch accumulation in syncytial and peridermal plastids. Our results suggest that HIPP27 is a susceptibility gene in Arabidopsis whose loss-of-function reduces plant susceptibility to cyst nematode infection without increasing susceptibility to other pathogens or negatively affecting plant phenotype.

Reduction of phytate by down-regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana MIPS and IPK1 genes alters susceptibility to beet cyst nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritushree Jain ◽  
Catherine J. Lilley ◽  
Peter E. Urwin
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Altered Expression

Phytates are mixed cationic salts of phytic acid formed by sequential phosphorylation of myo-inositol. Phytate is a phosphorus storage molecule essential for cellular and hormonal signalling in plants but exhibits anti-nutrient properties in animals. Low phytate plants have reduced basal resistance towards microbial pathogens and reduced tolerance to environmental stresses resulting in compromised yields. We report that three mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana, each with altered expression of myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS) isoforms, show altered susceptibility towards infection by the beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii. Disruption of MIPS2 accompanied by increased MIPS1 expression results in reduced cyst nematode infection. Lack of MIPS3 resulted in a higher proportion of second-stage juveniles in the early phase of infection, suggesting delayed nematode development on mips3 mutants. Reduction in total phytate by down-regulation of the inositol polyphosphate kinase gene (IPK1) resulted in higher susceptibility to cyst nematode infection but a reduced average size of adult females. However, specific down-regulation of MIPS gene expression reduces susceptibility as myo-inositol is required to feed into the myo-inositol oxygenase pathway, which has an important role in development of the cyst nematode feeding site.

scholarly journals Development of a Species-Specific SCAR-PCR Assay for Direct Detection of Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) from Infected Roots and Soil Samples

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Chen Jiang ◽  
Yingdong Zhang ◽  
Ke Yao ◽  
Sulaiman Abdulsalam ◽  
Guangkuo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode

Sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN, Heterodera schachtii) is an important nematode that causes significant yield losses of 25–50% or more in most areas of sugar beet production worldwide. Rapid and accurate identification of this species is essential to support decisions on pest management. However, the difference between H. schachtii and other Heterodera spp. based on morphology is a challenging task. In the present study, a SCAR-PCR assay was developed to identify and differentiate H. schachtii in infected root and soil samples. H. schachtii-species-specific SCAR-PCR primers OPA06-HsF and OPA06-HsR were designed from the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker amplified with random primer OPA06. The developed primers specifically amplify a 922-bp fragment from the target populations but did not amplify DNA from non-target cyst nematodes including Heterodera, Globodera, Cactodera, and other related species tested in this study. The sensitivity detection indicated that 5 × 10−4 of a single cyst, 1/320 of a single second-stage juvenile (J2), or 10 pg of genomic DNA could be detected. The assay accurately identifies the different stages of H. schachtii in sugar beet and oilseed rape roots as well as a single J2 in 10 g of soil. Finally, the SCAR-PCR assay detected H. schachtii in seven samples out of the fifteen field samples. The assay will not only be useful for differentiating H. schachtii from mixed populations of Heterodera spp. but also for effective detection of the species directly from infested samples. The assay also requires no expertise in the taxonomy and morphology of the species but serves to improve the diagnosis of H. schachtii in infested fields.

Computer mapping of records of beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii), 1928?77

1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIE A. WHITEWAY ◽  
T. J.W. ALPHEY ◽  
P. L. MATHIAS ◽  
J.F. SOUTHEY
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Computer Mapping ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode

The beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii): an ancient threat to sugar beet crops in Central Europe has become an invisible actor.

2021 ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Matthias Daub
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms

Abstract The beet cyst nematode (BCN) was one of the first discovered plant parasitic nematodes. Heterodera schachtii was observed in 1859 in Halle in Central Germany by the botanist Herman Schacht and described later by Adolf Schmidt in 1871, who named this cyst nematode species after its original discoverer. Partly due to the lack of knowledge about the effect of sugar beet monocultures on the population build-up of BCN, this nematode had a devastating impact on sugar production in 1876 that led to the shutdown of 24 sugar factories in Germany. This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of H. schachtii. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

Molecular mapping in oil radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and QTL analysis of resistance against beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii)

2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Budahn ◽  
Herbert Peterka ◽  
Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa ◽  
Yunhua Ding ◽  
Shaosong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L

scholarly journals A New Class of Ubiquitin Extension Proteins Secreted by the Dorsal Pharyngeal Gland in Plant Parasitic Cyst Nematodes

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 846-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Tytgat ◽  
Bartel Vanholme ◽  
Jan De Meutter ◽  
Myriam Claeys ◽  
Marjolein Couvreur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Syncytium Formation ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
New Class ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pharyngeal Gland ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Plant Parasitic

By performing cDNA AFLP on pre- and early parasitic juveniles, we identified genes encoding a novel type of ubiquitin extension proteins secreted by the dorsal pharyngeal gland in the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. The proteins consist of three domains, a signal peptide for secretion, a mono-ubiquitin domain, and a short C-terminal positively charged domain. A gfp-fusion of this protein is targeted to the nucleolus in tobacco BY-2 cells. We hypothesize that the C-terminal peptide might have a regulatory function during syncytium formation in plant roots.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics among three cyst nematode species reveals distinct evolutionary histories among effector families and an irregular distribution of effector-associated promoter motifs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris J.M. van Steenbrugge ◽  
Sven van den Elsen ◽  
Martijn Holterman ◽  
Jose L. Lozano-Torres ◽  
Vera Putker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Additional Reference

Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), an umbrella term used for two species, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis, belong worldwide to the most harmful pathogens of potato. Pathotype-specific host plant resistances are an essential handle for PCN control. However, the poor delineation of G. pallida pathotypes hampers the efficient use of available host plant resistances. Long-read sequencing technology allowed us to generate a new reference genome of G. pallida population D383 and, as compared to the current reference, the new genome assembly is 42 times less fragmented. For comparison of diversification patterns of six effector families between G. pallida and G. rostochiensis, an additional reference genome was generated for an outgroup, the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii (IRS population). Large evolutionary contrasts in effector family topologies were observed. While VAPs diversified before the split between the three cyst nematode species, the families GLAND5 and GLAND13 only expanded in PCN after their separation from the genus Heterodera. Although DNA motifs in the promoter regions thought to be involved in the orchestration of effector expression (DOG boxes) were present in all three cyst nematode species, their presence is not a necessity for dorsal gland-produced effectors. Notably, DOG box dosage was only loosely correlated with expression level of individual effector variants. Comparison of the G. pallida genome with those of two other cyst nematodes underlined the fundamental differences in evolutionary history between effector families. Re-sequencing of PCN populations with deviant virulence characteristics will allow for the linking of these characteristics with the composition of the effector repertoire as well as for the mapping of PCN diversification patterns resulting from extreme anthropogenic range expansion.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis thionin-like genes are involved in resistance against the beet-cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii)

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachar Almaghrabi ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Ali ◽  
Adil Zahoor ◽  
Kausar Hussain Shah ◽  
Holger Bohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode
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