scholarly journals Non-obese population with the rs7903146 T allele exhibits higher sugar and more dyslipidaemia in subjects with Type-2-diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Shaibu ◽  
Ishaya Yohanna Longdet ◽  
Carrol Domkat Luka ◽  
Jesse Fanen Ortswen ◽  
Gloria Eleojo Eneojoabah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Obese Population

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), the most prevalent type of diabetes has been associated with Transcription-Factor-7-Like-2 gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), rs12255372 and rs7903146 as risk factors, thought to be modulated by obesity status. In sub-Saharan Africa, the onset of T2D in the non-obese is rarely suspected. This study looks into the genetics and the biochemical parameters in non-obese population, with and without T2D and living in Jos, Nigeria. A total of 68 subjects, 40 diabetic patients and 28 healthy control group, all with closely matched age, height, nutrition, family history, Body Mass Index and socioeconomic status, recruited from within the same population were studied. SNPs Genotyping were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sangers Sequencing. Lipid profiles, Fasting Blood Sugar and C-peptide levels were measured and analysed alongside with demographic data from questionnaire. Odd-ratio at 95% confidence interval at a conventional level of alpha, <0.05 and Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Analysis were used to analyse the data in both groups. The entire population showed the GG genotype for the rs12255372. However, different genotype combination, CC, CT and TT were observed with the rs7903146. Though no significant association was observed between the genotypes and the odd of T2D, healthy subjects with the T allele showed a higher level of two hours postprandial plasma glucose level than those with CC genotype. Patients with T allele shows a more abnormal level of diabetes metabolic syndrome indicators such as Fasting Blood Sugar; two hours postprandial plasma glucose level; C-peptide; Low Density Lipoprotein, High Density Lipoprotein and Total Cholesterol. The study suggests that lower sugar metabolism and more dyslipidaemia are observed in subject with T allele. Hence, this could constitute poorer prognosis and a risk factor for non-obese population, particularly with high carbohydrate intake.

scholarly journals Non-HDL Cholesterol as a Predictor for Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Community-dwelling Adults: Longitudinal Findings Over 12 Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Ho Seo ◽  
Da-Hye Son ◽  
Hye Sun Lee ◽  
Yong-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose Level ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract BackgroundNon-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL cholesterol) is a simple measure to analyze the total amount of proatherogenic lipoproteins in the blood and to predict development of cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether non-HDL cholesterol has a relationship with incident type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the association between non-HDL cholesterol and incident type 2 diabetes with a large-sample, community-based Korean cohort over a 12-year period.MethodsAmong the 10,038 total participants, 7,608 (3,662 men and 3,946 women) without diabetes were selected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Their non-HDL cholesterol level was calculated as [total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol] mg/dL and divided into quartiles. Newly developed type 2 diabetes was defined as any of the following: a fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL; a plasma glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dL at two hours after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; a glycosylated hemoglobin level ≥ 6.5%; or current treatment with oral anti-diabetic medications or insulin therapy. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident type 2 diabetes were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models after adjusting for potentially confounding variables.ResultsIn total, 1,442 individuals (18.9%: 1442 of 7608) developed type 2 diabetes during the 12-year follow up period, with an incident rate of 3.0–5.0. Compared to the reference first quartile, the HRs (95% CIs) of incident type 2 diabetes for the second, third, and fourth quartiles increased in a dose-response manner after adjusting for potentially confounding variables, including the HOMA-IR insulin resistance marker.ConclusionNon-HDL cholesterol level at baseline can be a useful predictor of new-onset type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tempe Dietary Intake on Plasma Glucose Level in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Puspasari ◽  
Drupadi Dillon ◽  
Budiman Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose Level ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Control Group

The aim of the study was to investigate  the effect of daily intake of 100 grams tempe for four weeks on plasma glucose level in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was a parallel randomized clinical trial. Subjects were 30 diabetic elderly living in four nursing homes in Jakarta. In the study subjects were assigned to two groups using block randomization. All subjects had to take diabetic regiment with calorie and macronutrient following diabetic recommendation diet. The treatment group (n=16) received tempe, while control group (n=14) received legumes other than tempe. Fasting plasma glucose level (FPG) was assessed before and after intervention. Unpaired t test and Mann Whitney were used to analyzed data with the 5% significance level. There were 27 subjects completed the study: 15 of treatment group and 12 of control group. Both group were comparable in age, gender, BMI, calorie and macronutrient intake before treatment. Fat, fiber, and isoflavone intake were significantly higher in treatment group compare to control group. Decrease in FPG after intervention were observed but were statisticaly insignificant. In conclusion daily intake of 100 grams tempe for four weeks did not decrease FPG.  Keywords: elderly, plasma glucose level, tempe, type 2 diabetes

scholarly journals Causal Evaluation of Laboratory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes on Cancer and Vascular Diseases Using Various Mendelian Randomization Tools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejin Jin ◽  
Sanghun Lee ◽  
Sungho Won
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Weighted Median

Multiple studies have demonstrated the effects of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on various human diseases; however, most of these were observational epidemiological studies that suffered from many potential biases including reported confounding and reverse causations. In this article, we investigated whether cancer and vascular disease can be affected by T2D-related traits, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2h-PG), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, by using Mendelian randomization (MR). The summary statistics for FPG, 2h-PG, and HbA1c were obtained through meta-analyses of large-scale genome-wide association studies that included data from 133,010 non-diabetic individuals from collaborating Meta-Analysis of Glucose and Insulin related traits Consortium studies. Thereafter, based on the statistical assumptions for MR analyses, the most reliable approaches including inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, MR-Egger with a simulation extrapolation (SIMEX), weighted median and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods were applied to identify traits affected by FPG, 2h-PG, and HbAlc. We found that coronary artery disease is affected by FPG, as per the IVW [log odds ratio (logOR): 0.21; P=0.012], MR-Egger (SIMEX) (logOR: 0.22; P=0.014), MR-PRESSO (logOR: 0.18; P=0.045), and weighted median (logOR: 0.29; P<0.001) methods, but not as per the MR-Egger (logOR: 0.13; P=0.426) approach. Furthermore, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are affected by HbA1c, as per the IVW (beta (B): 0.23; P=0.015), MR-Egger (B: 0.45; P=0.046), MR-Egger (SIMEX) (B: 0.27; P=0.007), MR-PRESSO (B; 0.14; P=0.010), and the weighted median (B: 0.15; P=0.012) methods. Further studies of the associated biological mechanisms are required to validate and understand the disease-specific differences identified in the TD2-related causal effects of each trait.

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