scholarly journals A mathematical framework for dissecting the normative foundations of conservation decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Latombe ◽  
Bernd Lenzner ◽  
Anna Schertler ◽  
Stefan Dullinger ◽  
Michael Glaser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Trophy Hunting ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Normative Foundations ◽  
Conservation Decisions ◽  
Specific Conservation

AbstractPerspectives in conservation are based on a variety of value systems and normative postulates. Such differences in how people value nature and its components lead to different perceptions of the morality of conservation goals and approaches, and often underlie disagreements in the formulation and implementation of environmental management policies. Specifically, whether a specific conservation decision (e.g. killing feral cats to save birds threatened with extinction) is viewed as appropriate or not can vary among people with different value systems. Here, we present a conceptual framework that mathematically formalises the interplay of value systems. This framework is intended to serve as a heuristic tool to clarify normative postulates in conservation approaches, and it highlights how different value systems can lead to different prioritizations of available management options. We compare how management decisions would likely be viewed under three different idealised value systems (ecocentric conservation, new conservation, and sentientist conservation). We illustrate the utility of the framework by applying it to case studies involving invasive alien species, rewilding, and trophy hunting. By making value systems and their consequences in practice explicit, the framework facilitates debates on contested conservation issues. Finally, we believe dissecting the normative postulates of conservation decisions will facilitate understanding and addressing conservation conflicts.

A feasibility study of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash utilisation in Estonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 904-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Berber ◽  
Ruedi Frey ◽  
Viktoria Voronova ◽  
Arina Koroljova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Msw Incineration

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the alternative environmental management options for the utilisation of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash (FA), which is generated at Iru Power Plant where MSW is incinerated in Estonia. To determine sustainable and economically feasible environmental management options for MSW incineration FA in Estonia, CO2 sequestration with a further carbonation process was examined. A partial Cost & Benefit Analysis has been conducted to compare the carbonation process to the current situation. Two carbonation options were developed. Option 1 is to use carbonated FA in any other processes based on the waste-to-product principle. Option 2 is to send carbonated FA to the non-hazardous landfill in Tallinn, Estonia. Important parameters, such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR) and Break Even Point (BEP), have been calculated for carbonation options and the current case. In addition, a sensitivity analysis has been conducted to examine its robustness. The results showed that the best option is carbonation Option 1 with NPV of 9,209,662 EUR, IRR of 43%, BCR of 2.63 and BEP between 2018 and 2019. Both Options 1 and 2 constitute more sustainable and environmentally friendly management options compared to the current situation. It can be concluded that this preliminary feasibility study showed that running a carbonation plant may be profitable and sustainable for Estonia. Currently, there is no treatment technology for MSW incineration FA in Estonia and FA is sent to a neighbouring country for further utilisation. This is the first study to demonstrate FA management options with economic and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Kaupapa Māori in New Zealand Public Libraries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Luqman Hayes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Indigenous Worldviews ◽  
Kaupapa Māori

<p>It is nearly two decades since Tui MacDonald first studied the experience of Māori in New Zealand libraries. Since then libraries have seen many changes and embraced challenging initiatives in creating public spaces which reflect much of the biculturalism of New Zealand society. Bilingual signage has been erected, awareness and obligations to the Treaty are generally better accepted and understood, and Te Rōpū Whakahau has helped to ensure there is a growing professional Māori presence in our libraries. But is that enough? Should biculturalism not be aiming to integrate Māori values and concepts in the ideals of the organisation? Should biculturalism not reflect an equal representation of both the Pākehā (non-Māori) and the Māori worldview in the way information is organised, customers are greeted and activities are carried out in the library? This research project explores the deeper commitments to biculturalism by examining the extent to which kaupapa Māori, or Māori knowledge frameworks, value systems, and a Māori worldview form part of a wider bicultural strategy within public libraries in Aotearoa. The study highlights the bicultural achievements being made in public libraries as well as exploring the evolutionary and transformative challenges which lie ahead for the sector in striving towards an epistemological and cultural balance. Data for this research was collected using a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews with a selection of library leaders chosen from a purposive sample of public library services in New Zealand. The findings suggest a degree of inconsistency around the integration and understanding of kaupapa Māori concepts and practice, depending on location and demographic. They indicate that while there are personal, organisational and resource barriers to fully incorporating a kaupapa Māori, including a lack of Māori seniority within the industry, these limitations stem from political and historical roots which relate to colonialism in Aotearoa and the commitment to, and interpretation of, the Treaty of Waitangi. The results also reveal an aspiration for advancing the bicultural agenda and for exploring new paradigms for reshaping European designed public libraries in ways which integrate indigenous worldviews. As a contribution to the library and information sector body of knowledge, the subject has significance not only within New Zealand but globally, particularly in relation to the incorporation of indigenous worldviews in library design, development and delivery. Opportunities for further research include exploring Māori representation in public library management, options for altering library classification systems and collection arrangements to integrate indigenous worldviews and staff experiences of kaupapa Māori.</p>

scholarly journals Socioeconomics of Individual Transferable Quotas and Community-Based Fishery Management

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parzival Copes ◽  
Anthony Charles
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Individual Transferable Quotas ◽  
Individual Transferable Quota ◽  
Socioeconomic Analysis ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Benefits And Costs

In many fisheries around the world, the failures of centralized, top-down management have produced a shift toward co-management—collaboration and sharing of decision making between government and stakeholders. This trend has led to a major debate between two very different co-management approaches—community-based fishery management and market-based individual transferable quota management. This paper examines the debate over the relative merits of these models and undertakes a socioeconomic analysis of the two approaches. The paper includes (1) an analysis of differences in the structure, philosophical nature, and underlying value systems of each, including a discussion of their treatment of property rights; (2) a socioeconomic evaluation of the impacts of each system on boat owners, fishers, crew members, other fishery participants, and coastal communities, as well as the distribution of benefits and costs among fishery participants; and (3) examination of indirect economic effects that can occur through impacts on conservation and fishery sustainability. The latter relate to (a) the conservation ethic, (b) the flexibility of management, (c) the avoidance of waste, and (d) the efficiency of enforcement. The paper emphasizes the need for a broader approach to analyzing fishery management options, one that recognizes and properly assesses the diversity of choices, and that takes into account the interaction of the fishery with broader community and regional realities.

scholarly journals Urgensity of Environmental Management System Implementation on Oil Palm Plantation Management Policies in North Sumatera

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Parlaungan Nasution ◽  
◽  
Edwin Agung Wibowo ◽  
Ramdani Ramdani ◽  
Tamama Rofiqah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management System ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Plantation Management ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Management Policies

The development of oil palm plantations and its expansion as well, ensured potentially give impact on the environment. A standardized environmental management system is required by companies to develop and implement environmental aspects. This research is classified as a qualitative research with a case study which emphasizes potential environmental impacts analysis of oil palm plantations and the urgency of environmental management systems in oil palm plantation management policies in North Sumatra. The research results showed that there were potential environmental impacts began pre-construction, construction and operational stages related to oil palm plantations development such as erosion, changes of sustainable and quantity of water, plant pests distribution, diseases and weeds, changes in soil fertility, potential social conflicts and the emergence of the spread of plant diseases endemic and disruption of water infiltration function in peat areas. In addition, it affected environmental factors including ecosystem condition, hydrology, landscape, and resident’s attitude around the plantation. Alternative policies which be carried out related to environmental preservation and community welfare are (1) agro-industrial development policies that process oil and palm oil waste, (2) Moratorium (temporary suspension) of illegal logging, (3) Establish policy synergies and improve communication between government agencies and institutions, (4) reduce conflicts over land freehold by reforming above the law.

scholarly journals Non-destructive collection survey of the historical Classense Library. Part II: Conservation scenarios

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriana Coppola ◽  
Natalie Brown ◽  
Floriana Amicucci ◽  
Matija Strlic ◽  
Alberto Modelli
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The effects of environmental and conservation management scenarios on the permanence of the historical book collections housed at the Classense Library (Ravenna, Italy) were investigated. Non-destructive material surveys delivered paper pH and degree of polymerisation data that, in conjunction with the Collections Demography dose-response function, provide heritage managers with estimations of the predicted collection lifetimes in diverse environmental management scenarios. For the first time, quantitative measurements of paper properties obtained in historical library collection were used to elaborate isochrone and demographic plots, evaluated against the long-term planning horizon of 500 years. The scenarios include preventive and interventive actions aiming to preserve the fitness-for-use of collection items in terms of their ability to withstand manual handling, and consider cooling, dehumidification and deacidification, as well as combinations thereof. The results inform the conservation decision-makers about the preservation outcomes of environmental management options, to be considered for further action, once environmental, economic and social sustainability of such scenarios is considered.

scholarly journals Externalidades ambientales ocasionadas por la urbanización en la ciudad de Medellín

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Olgalicia Palmett Plata
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Environmental Externalities ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Environmental Management

Resumen: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una reflexión sobre la forma cómo, en la ciudad de Medellín, se han enfrentado las externalidades ambientales, ocasionadas por las dinámicas de urbanización, en las décadas entre 1990 y 2010. Se busca como resultado conocer y aportar las nuevas acciones de mejoramiento implementadas en Medellín, para contrarrestar las externalidades ambientales ocasionadas por la urbanización, a la luz del aprovechamiento de características propias de un contexto, como son, en el caso de la ciudad de Medellín, una ubicación geográfica estratégica, relieve singular, conflictos sociales de conocida particularidad, tradiciones culturales arraigadas y posibilidades económicas reducidas, entre otras. Además, se pretende revelar y potenciar las articulaciones que estratégicamente se han ido constituyendo en las políticas de gestión ambiental urbana y los logros obtenidos ante los principios fundamentales (1, 8 y 26) de la Cumbre de Río de Janeiro (1992), ante las externalidades ambientales en la ciudad y que pueden ser asumidos como modelo de actuación para territorios con comportamientos similares. ___Palabras clave: Ciudad, externalidades ambientales, urbanización, afectaciones. ___Abstract: This paper aims to reflect on how, in the city of Medellín, environmental externalities, caused by the dynamics of urbanization, have been faced in the decades between 1990 and 2010. As a result, we seek to know and contribute to the new improvement actions implemented in Medellín, to counteract the environmental externalities caused by urbanization, by using the proper characteristics of a particular context, such as, in the case of the city of Medellín, a strategic geographical location, a singular relief, social conflicts of a known particularity, entrenched cultural traditions and reduced economic possibilities, among others. In addition, it seeks to reveal and strengthen the articulations that have been strategically established in urban environmental management policies and the achievements in view of the fundamental principles (1, 8 and 26) of the Rio de Janeiro Summit (1992), before the environmental externalities in the city and that can be assumed as a model of action for territories with similar behaviors.___Keywords: City, environmental externalities, urbanization, affectations. ___Recibido: 30 de marzo de 2016. Aceptado: 19 de mayo de 2016.  

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