scholarly journals High contribution of canopy to oleoresin accumulation in loblolly pine trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber N. Parrish ◽  
Glenn W. Turner ◽  
B. Markus Lange
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Resin Ducts ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Constitutive Defenses ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
High Contribution ◽  
Pine Trees

ABSTRACTThe shoot system of all loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) contains abundant resin ducts, and the oleoresins contained within them have demonstrated roles in constitutive defenses. This study is providing a quantitative assessment of oleoresin biosynthesis and accumulation in resin ducts. Morphometric analyses of representative tissue sections indicate that the fractional volume of resin ducts is particularly high in the cortex of young stems and their needles, representing a major portion of total pine resins from primary growth of the canopy. We demonstrate that it is possible to extrapolate oleoresin formation from the microscopic scale (tissues sections) to the macroscale (entire trees), which has implications for assessing resins as renewable feedstocks for bioproducts.

Green and Dry-Weight Equations for Above-ground Components of Planted Loblolly Pine Trees in the West Gulf Region

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Biomass Equations ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Prediction equations based on 130 sample trees from thinned and unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in central Louisiana are presented for the green and dry weights of aboveground tree components. Sample trees ranged from 2 to 21 in. dbh, 18 to 94 ft in height and from 9 to 55 yr in age. Significant differences in partial stem weight between trees from thinned and unthinned stands required development of separate sets of weight ratio equations. The range of the studies' observations increases the predictive applicability of planted loblolly pine biomass equations. South. J. Appl. For. 11(4):212-218.

scholarly journals Volume and Taper Equations for Thinned and Unthinned Loblolly Pine Trees in Cutover, Site-Prepared Plantations

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudaye Tasissa ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart ◽  
Ralph L. Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Taper Equations ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract Stem analysis data from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees grown in cutover, site-prepared plantations across the South were used to develop total and merchantable cubic-foot volume equations and implicit taper relationships for thinned and unthinned conditions. The data were obtained from trees felled during plot establishment for a thinning study and from trees felled during the second thinning of a portion of the same plots 12 yr later. The volume equations presented can be used to predict volume to any specified height or diameter limit for loblolly pine trees in thinned and unthinned stands on cutover site-prepared areas. The taper relationships enable the prediction of upper stem diameters and heights. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):146-152.

scholarly journals Growth of Chrysanthemum in a Pine Tree Substrate Requires Additional Fertilizer

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Jake F. Browder ◽  
Joyce G. Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

A pine tree substrate (PTS), produced by grinding loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda), offers potential as a viable container substrate for greenhouse crops, but a better understanding of the fertilizer requirements for plant growth in PTS is needed. The purpose of this research was to determine the comparative fertilizer requirements for chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum ×grandiflora ‘Baton Rouge’) grown in PTS or a commercial peat-lite (PL) substrate. The PTS was prepared by grinding coarse (1-inch × 1-inch × 0.5-inch) pine chips from debarked loblolly pine logs in a hammer mill fitted with 3/16-inch screen. The PL substrate composed of 45% peat, 15% perlite, 15% vermiculite, and 25% bark was used for comparative purposes. Rooted chrysanthemum cuttings were potted in each of the substrates on 15 Oct. 2005 and 12 Apr. 2006 and were glasshouse grown. Plants were fertilized with varying rates of a 20N–4.4P–16.6K-soluble fertilizer ranging from 50 to 400 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N) with each irrigation. Plant dry weights and extractable substrate nutrient levels were determined. In 2005 and 2006, it required about 100 mg·L−1 N more fertilizer for PTS compared to PL to obtain comparable growth. At any particular fertilizer level, substrate electrical conductivity and nutrient levels were higher for PL compared to PTS accounting for the higher fertilizer requirements for PTS. Possible reasons for the lower substrate nutrients levels with PTS are increased nutrient leaching in PTS due to PTS being more porous and having a lower cation exchange capacity than PL, and increased microbial immobilization of N in PTS compared to PL. This research demonstrates that PTS can be used to grow a traditional greenhouse crop if attention is given to fertilizer requirements.

Tree Profile and Volume Ratio Equations for Loblolly Pine Trees on Cutover Site-Prepared Lands

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia R. Ledbetter ◽  
Thomas G. Matney ◽  
Alfred D. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Equations are presented for predicting the height and cubic foot volume (ib or ob) to any top diameter limit (ib or ob) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees grown on cutover site-prepared lands. Example applications of the equations are given. South. J. Appl. For. 10:241-244, Nov. 1986.

Relationship of Total Height and Merchantable Height to DBH and Site Index in Natural Even-Aged Stands of Loblolly Pine in the Lower Piedmont

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Ernst V. Brender
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The total and merchantable heights of loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.) growing in the Piedmont area can be predicted from the site index of the stand and the tree-diameter class.

Cubic-Foot Volume Equations for Loblolly Pine Trees in Cutover, Site-Prepared Plantations

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Amateis ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract Stem profile data from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees grown in cutover, site-prepared plantations across much of the South were used to develop total and merchantable cubic-foot volume equations. The equations presented here can be used for predicting total tree volume and merchantable volume to any height or top diameter limit. Implicit taper relationships associated with the merchantable volume equations allow prediction of upper stem diameters and heights. South. J. Appl. For. 11(4):190-192.

scholarly journals Tree Content and Taper Functions for Loblolly and Slash Pine Trees Planted on Non-Old-Fields in East Texas

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Lenhart ◽  
Terry L. Hackett ◽  
Charlie J. Laman ◽  
Thomas J. Wiswell ◽  
Jock A. Blackard
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Equations are presented to estimate total or partial stem content in cubic feet and pounds (green or dry) for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliotti Engelm.) trees planted on non-old-fields in East Texas. Equations are included to estimate the content of the completetree (stem and branches). In addition, a set of compatible stem taper functions are described. South. J. Appl. For. 11(3):147-151.

scholarly journals Container Medium pH in a Pine Tree Substrate Amended with Peatmoss and Dolomitic Limestone Affects Plant Growth

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1983-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
Nazim Gruda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Plastic Containers

This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of limestone additions to pine tree substrate (PTS) and PTS amended with peatmoss on pH and plant growth. ‘Inca Gold’ marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and ‘Rocky Mountain White’ geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H. Bailey) were grown in three PTSs—100% PTS, PTS plus 25% peatmoss (v/v), and PTS plus 50% peatmoss (v/v)—made from freshly harvested loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.) chipped and hammermilled through a 4.76-mm screen and a peatmoss/perlite (4:1 v/v; PL) control. Each substrate was amended with various rates of dolomitic limestone and used to grow marigolds in 10-cm square (l-L) plastic containers and geraniums in round 15-cm (1.25-L) plastic containers in a glasshouse. Regardless of limestone rate, pH was highest in 100% PTS and decreased with peat additions with PL having the lowest pH. As percent peat increased from 25% to 50%, more limestone was required to adjust pH to a particular level showing that PTS is more weakly buffered against pH change than peatmoss. Adding limestone did not increase the growth of marigold in 100% PTS, but additions of limestone did increase growth of marigold when grown in PTS containing peatmoss or in PL. Geranium growth was higher in PTS containing peatmoss (25% or 50%) and PL than in 100% PTS at all limestone rates. This research demonstrates that PTS produced from freshly harvested pine trees has an inherently higher pH than PL, and the additions of peatmoss to PTS require pH adjustment of the substrate for optimal plant growth.

CHANGES IN THE SEX RATIO OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON PINUS TAEDA DURING THE ATTACK PROCESS

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 1317-1318
Author(s):  
Barry G. Hynum
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Attack Process

In studies of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., one of the theories about the mechanism of attack is a shift in sex ratio from 100% to 25% females (Renwick and Vité 1970). This paper reports a test of this theory using trees that were naturally infested.Thirty-one naturally infested loblolly pine trees were observed in July 1978, near Cut-and-Shoot, 19 km east of Conroe, Montgomery County, Texas. A 0.66 m quadrat was marked off on the bole of each tree at heights of 3 m and 3.66 m. Gallery starts in the quadrat were counted and marked every 24 h on each tree. The quadrat was reduced to a 0.33 m section on the bole at heights of 3.33 to 3.66 m on a tree after the attack density reached 1 gallery/100 cm2 and to a 0.16 m section at heights of 3.50 and 3.66 m on the bole after the attack density reached 2 gallerys/100 cm2; this facilitated timely counting and stabilized error due to observer fatigue.

Interactive effects of fertilization and throughfall exclusion on the physiological responses and whole-tree carbon uptake of mature loblolly pine

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenmin Tang ◽  
Mary A. Sword Sayer ◽  
Jim L Chambers ◽  
James P Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Throughfall Exclusion

Few studies have examined the combined effects of nutrition and water exclusion on the canopy physiology of mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Understanding the impacts of forest management on plantation productivity requires extensive research on the relationship between silvicultural treatments and environmental constraints to growth. We studied the physiological responses of 18-year-old loblolly pine trees exposed to a combination of fertilization (fertilizer or no fertilizer) and throughfall (normal throughfall or throughfall exclusion). Gas exchange variables were measured in the upper and lower crown between 0900 and 1700 h from May to November in 1999. Needle fall was collected to estimate foliage mass and leaf area. Summer drought and throughfall exclusion significantly decreased predawn xylem pressure potential. Needle-level photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance declined during the drought and were significantly lower in the throughfall exclusion treatment. Throughfall exclusion also reduced annual foliage mass and daily whole-crown photosynthesis and transpiration. In the normal throughfall treatment, fertilization had no effect on needle-level physiology, but increased annual foliage mass and whole-crown photosynthesis by 26% and 41%, respectively. With the exclusion of throughfall, however, annual foliage mass and daily whole-crown photosynthesis exhibited little response to fertilization. We conclude that greater nutrient availability enhances the carbon uptake of mature loblolly pine trees by stimulating foliage production, but the positive effects of fertilization on leaf area and carbon fixation are limited by low water availability.Key words: foliage mass, photosynthesis, Pinus taeda, seasonal trend, transpiration, xylem pressure potential.

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