scholarly journals Tonic and transient oscillatory brain activity during acute exercise

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Ciria ◽  
Antonio Luque-Casado ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Darias Holgado ◽  
Plamen Ch. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Exercise Condition ◽  
Maximum Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe physiological changes that occur in the main body systems and organs during physical exercise are well described in the literature. Despite the key role of brain in processing afferent and efferent information from organ systems to coordinate and optimize their functioning, little is known about how the brain works during exercise. The present study investigated tonic and transient oscillatory brain activity during a single bout of aerobic exercise. Twenty young males (19-32 years old) were recruited for two experimental sessions on separate days. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded during a session of cycling at 80% (moderate-to-high intensity) of VO2max (maximum aerobic capacity) while performing an oddball task where participants had to detect infrequent targets presented among frequent non-targets. This was compared to a (baseline) light intensity session (30% VO2max). The light intensity session was included to control for any potential effect of dual-tasking (i.e., pedaling and performing the oddball task). A warm-up and cool down periods were completed before and after exercise, respectively. A cluster-based nonparametric permutations test showed an increase in power across the entire frequency spectrum during the moderate-to-high intensity exercise, with respect to light intensity. Further, we found that the more salient target lead to lower increase in (stimulus-evoked) theta power in the 80% VO2max with respect to the light intensity condition. On the contrary, higher decrease alpha and lower beta power was found for standard trials in the moderate-to-high exercise condition than in the light exercise condition. The present study unveils, for the first time, a complex brain activity pattern during acute exercise (at 80% of maximum aerobic capacity). These findings might help to elucidate the nature of changes that occur in the brain during physical exertion.

scholarly journals Oscillatory brain activity during acute exercise: Tonic and transient neural response to an oddball task

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. e13326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Ciria ◽  
Antonio Luque‐Casado ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Darías Holgado ◽  
Plamen Ch. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

scholarly journals Physical exercise increases overall brain oscillatory activity but does not influence inhibitory control in young adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Ciria ◽  
Pandelis Perakakis ◽  
Antonio Luque-Casado ◽  
Daniel Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Power Increase ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity ◽  
Exercise Induced

AbstractExtant evidence suggests that acute exercise triggers a tonic power increase in the alpha frequency band at frontal locations, which has been linked to benefits in cognitive function. However, recent literature has questioned such a selective effect on a particular frequency band, indicating a rather overall power increase across the entire frequency spectrum. Moreover, the nature of task-evoked oscillatory brain activity associated to inhibitory control after exercising, and the duration of the exercise effect, are not yet clear. Here, we investigate for the first time steady state oscillatory brain activity during and following an acute bout of aerobic exercise at two different exercise intensities (moderate-to-high and light), by means of a data-driven cluster-based approach to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of exercise-induced effects on brain function without prior assumptions on any frequency range or site of interest. We also assess the transient oscillatory brain activity elicited by stimulus presentation, as well as behavioural performance, in two inhibitory control (flanker) tasks, one performed after a short delay following the physical exercise and another completed after a rest period of 15’ post-exercise to explore the time course of exercise-induced changes on brain function and cognitive performance. The results show that oscillatory brain activity increases during exercise compared to the resting state, and that this increase is higher during the moderate-to-high intensity exercise with respect to the light intensity exercise. In addition, our results show that the global pattern of increased oscillatory brain activity is not specific to any concrete surface localization in slow frequencies, while in faster frequencies this effect is located in parieto-occipital sites. Notably, the exercise-induced increase in oscillatory brain activity disappears immediately after the end of the exercise bout. Neither transient (event-related) oscillatory activity, nor behavioral performance during the flanker tasks following exercise showed significant between-intensity differences. The present findings help elucidate the effect of physical exercise on oscillatory brain activity and challenge previous research suggesting improved inhibitory control following moderate-to-high acute exercise.

Acute Exercise Modulates Feature-selective Responses in Human Cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Bullock ◽  
James C. Elliott ◽  
John T. Serences ◽  
Barry Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

An organism's current behavioral state influences ongoing brain activity. Nonhuman mammalian and invertebrate brains exhibit large increases in the gain of feature-selective neural responses in sensory cortex during locomotion, suggesting that the visual system becomes more sensitive when actively exploring the environment. This raises the possibility that human vision is also more sensitive during active movement. To investigate this possibility, we used an inverted encoding model technique to estimate feature-selective neural response profiles from EEG data acquired from participants performing an orientation discrimination task. Participants (n = 18) fixated at the center of a flickering (15 Hz) circular grating presented at one of nine different orientations and monitored for a brief shift in orientation that occurred on every trial. Participants completed the task while seated on a stationary exercise bike at rest and during low- and high-intensity cycling. We found evidence for inverted-U effects; such that the peak of the reconstructed feature-selective tuning profiles was highest during low-intensity exercise compared with those estimated during rest and high-intensity exercise. When modeled, these effects were driven by changes in the gain of the tuning curve and in the profile bandwidth during low-intensity exercise relative to rest. Thus, despite profound differences in visual pathways across species, these data show that sensitivity in human visual cortex is also enhanced during locomotive behavior. Our results reveal the nature of exercise-induced gain on feature-selective coding in human sensory cortex and provide valuable evidence linking the neural mechanisms of behavior state across species.

scholarly journals The ecological cocktail party: Measuring brain activity during an auditory oddball task with background noise

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. M. Scanlon ◽  
Danielle L. Cormier ◽  
Kimberley A. Townsend ◽  
Jonathan W.P. Kuziek ◽  
Kyle E. Mathewson
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Sound Condition

AbstractMost experiments using EEG recordings take place in highly isolated and restricted environments, limiting their applicability to real-life scenarios. New technologies for mobile EEG are changing this by allowing EEG recording to take place outside of the laboratory. However, before results from experiments performed outside the laboratory can be fully understood, the effects of ecological stimuli on brain activity during cognitive tasks must be examined. In this experiment, participants performed an auditory oddball task while also listening to concurrent background noises of silence, white noise and outdoor ecological sounds, as well as a condition in which the tones themselves were at a low volume. We found a significantly increased N1 and decreased P2 when participants performed the task with outdoor sounds and white noise in the background, with the largest differences in the outdoor sound condition. This modulation in the N1 and P2 replicates what we have previously found outside while people ride bicycles (Scanlon et al., 2017b). No behavioural differences were found in response to the target tones. We interpret these modulations in early ERPs as indicative of sensory filtering of background sounds, and that ecologically valid sounds require more filtering than synthetic sounds. Our results reveal that much of what we understand about the brain will need to be updated as we step outside the lab.

scholarly journals Oscillatory Components of Psychedelic Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 002216782110418
Author(s):  
Paul Grof
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Dynamic Aspect ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Psychedelic Drug ◽  
Experiential Content ◽  
Transformative Process ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity ◽  
The Brain

As humanity has been utilizing psychedelic substances for millennia, much knowledge has already been accumulated about the exploratory potential and therapeutic power of the psychedelic-induced nonordinary states of consciousness (NSC). However, we still have only a limited understanding of the process that unfolds in mind and the brain. Only recently have systematic investigations become possible, as the myths about psychedelics are abating and the legal strictures gradually loosening. With the availability of brain imaging techniques, exciting findings have been made about the associated dynamic brain processes. Our prospective observations of spontaneously generated NSC, major mood disorders, have been elucidating another dynamic aspect, the oscillatory brain processes. The findings indicate that the NSC’s propensity is markedly increased at the peaks of the oscillatory brain activity and that the NSC entirely unfolds when the oscillations exceed their normal range. The observation that neurobiological correlates of experientially opposite NSC, melancholy and mania, appear qualitatively the same is compatible with the concept that the experiential content is emerging from nonlocal consciousness. Psychedelic experiences are triggered by the administration of the psychedelic drug. However, they are influenced by nondrug factors and molded, in particular, by the individual’s mental set and the setting of the session. The transformative process can be utilized psychotherapeutically for healing and profound inner restructuring.

scholarly journals Evaluation of self-generated behavior: untangling metacognitive read-out and error detection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz W. Kononowicz ◽  
Virginie van Wassenhove
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTWhen producing a duration, for instance by pressing a key for one second, the brain relies on self-generated neuronal dynamics to monitor the “flow of time”. Converging evidence has suggested that the brain can also monitor itself monitoring time. Here, we investigated which brain mechanisms support metacognitive inferences when self-generating timing behavior. Although studies have shown that participants can reliably detect temporal errors when generating a duration (Akdogan & Balci, 2017; Kononowicz et al., 2017), the neural bases underlying the evaluation and the monitoring of this self-generated temporal behavior are unknown. Theories of psychological time have also remained silent about such self-evaluation abilities. How are temporal errors inferred on the basis of purely internally driven brain dynamics without external reference for time? We contrasted the error-detection hypothesis, in which error-detection would result from the comparison of competing motor plans with the read-out hypothesis, in which errors would result from inferring the state of an internal code for motor timing. Human participants generated a time interval, and evaluated the magnitude of their timing (first and second order behavioral judgments, respectively) while being recorded with time-resolved neuroimaging. Focusing on the neural signatures following the termination of self-generated duration, we found several regions involved in performance monitoring, which displayed a linear association between the power of α (8-14 Hz) oscillations, and the duration of the produced interval. Altogether, our results support the read-out hypothesis and indicate that first-order signals may be integrated for the evaluation of self-generated behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen typing on a keyboard, the brain estimates where the finger should land, but also when. The endogenous generation of the when in time is naturally accompanied by timing errors which, quite remarkably, participants can accurately rate as being too short or too long, and also by how much. Here, we explored the brain mechanisms supporting such temporal metacognitive inferences. For this, we contrasted two working hypotheses (error-detection vs. read-out), and showed that the pattern of evoked and oscillatory brain activity parsimoniously accounted best for a read-out mechanism. Our results suggest the existence of meta-representations of time estimates.

Carbohydrate vs. Placebo

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-396
Author(s):  
Gabriela Kaiser Fullin Castanho ◽  
Eduardo Bodnariuc Fontes ◽  
Heli Mamoru Yoshida ◽  
Brunno Machado de Campos ◽  
Elvis Lira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Homeostatic Regulation ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Image Preprocessing ◽  
The Brain

Objective. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of CH in­gestion in the brain activation during different intensities of Motor Imagery (MI). Method. Nine subjects (eight men, 28±4.6 years) par­ticipated in this study and were submitted to a functional magnetic resonance paradigm based in MI block (running, with perceived exer­tion set as “light” and “intense”) interleaved with rest. Two acquisi­tions were made, and the solution (CH and placebo) was ingested between them. The image preprocessing and the statistical analysis were performed with SPM8 software (p<0.001 uncorrected) to com­pared changes in the pattern of brain activity as the intensity and the ingestion of substances. Results. At the light intensity, both substanc­es similarly activated areas in the posterior and anterior cingulated cortex, temporal and fusiform. For high intensity, both substances activated the frontal, caudate and parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, insula and posterior cingulated cortex. Conclusions. At the light in­tensity, the CH promoted similarly brain activation when compared to placebo, however, at the intense intensity, other areas involved in emotion and homeostatic regulation were identified.

Complexity Measures of Brain Electrophysiological Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Klonowski ◽  
Pawel Stepien ◽  
Robert Stepien
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Signal Complexity ◽  
Physiological Sleep ◽  
The Brain

Over 20 years ago, Watt and Hameroff (1987 ) suggested that consciousness may be described as a manifestation of deterministic chaos in the brain/mind. To analyze EEG-signal complexity, we used Higuchi’s fractal dimension in time domain and symbolic analysis methods. Our results of analysis of EEG-signals under anesthesia, during physiological sleep, and during epileptic seizures lead to a conclusion similar to that of Watt and Hameroff: Brain activity, measured by complexity of the EEG-signal, diminishes (becomes less chaotic) when consciousness is being “switched off”. So, consciousness may be described as a manifestation of deterministic chaos in the brain/mind.

Relation Between Level of Prefrontal Activity and Subject's Performance

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Casini ◽  
Françoise Macar ◽  
Marie-Hélène Giard
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Practice Phase ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Processing Mechanism

Abstract The experiment reported here was aimed at determining whether the level of brain activity can be related to performance in trained subjects. Two tasks were compared: a temporal and a linguistic task. An array of four letters appeared on a screen. In the temporal task, subjects had to decide whether the letters remained on the screen for a short or a long duration as learned in a practice phase. In the linguistic task, they had to determine whether the four letters could form a word or not (anagram task). These tasks allowed us to compare the level of brain activity obtained in correct and incorrect responses. The current density measures recorded over prefrontal areas showed a relationship between the performance and the level of activity in the temporal task only. The level of activity obtained with correct responses was lower than that obtained with incorrect responses. This suggests that a good temporal performance could be the result of an efficacious, but economic, information-processing mechanism in the brain. In addition, the absence of this relation in the anagram task results in the question of whether this relation is specific to the processing of sensory information only.

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