Retrospective cell lineage reconstruction in Humans using short tandem repeats

Cell lineage analysis aims to uncover the developmental history of an organism back to its cell of origin1. Recently, novel in vivo methods and technologies utilizing genome editing enabled important insights into the cell lineages of animals2–8. In contrast, human cell lineage remains restricted to retrospective approaches, which still lack in resolution and cost-efficient solutions. Here we demonstrate a scalable platform for human cell lineage tracing based on Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) targeted by duplex Molecular Inversion Probes (MIPs). With this platform we accurately reproduced a known lineage of DU145 cell lines cells9 and reconstructed lineages of healthy and metastatic single cells from a melanoma patient. The reconstructed trees matched the anatomical and SNV references while adding further refinements. Our platform allowed to faithfully recapitulate lineages of developmental tissue formation in cells from healthy donors. In summary, our lineage discovery platform can profile informative STR somatic mutations efficiently and we provide a solid, high-resolution lineage reconstruction even in challenging low-mutation-rate healthy single cells.