The virome of Drosophila suzukii, an invasive pest of soft fruit

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1101/190322 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nathan C. Medd ◽

Simon Fellous ◽

Fergal M. Waldron ◽

Anne Xuéreb ◽

Madoka Nakai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Rna Viruses ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

The Road ◽

In The Wild ◽

Soft Fruit ◽

On The Road ◽

Model Family

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is one of the most damaging and costly pests to invade temperate horticultural regions in recent history. Conventional control of this pest is challenging, and an environmentally benign microbial biopesticide is highly desirable. A thorough exploration of the pathogens infecting this pest is not only the first step on the road to the development of an effective biopesticide, but also provides a valuable comparative dataset for the study of viruses in the model family Drosophilidae. Here we use a metatransciptomic approach to identify viruses infecting this fly in both its native (Japanese) and invasive (British and French) ranges. We describe 18 new RNA viruses, including members of the Picornavirales, Mononegavirales, Bunyavirales, Chuviruses, Nodaviridae, Tombusviridae, Reoviridae, and Nidovirales, and discuss their phylogenetic relationships with previously known viruses. We also detect 18 previously described viruses of other Drosophila species that appear to be associated with D. suzukii in the wild.

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Tyre Weights an Overlooked Diffuse Source of Lead and Antimony to Road Runoff

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12176790 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 6790

Author(s):

Matthew Taylor ◽

Niklas Kruger

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Road Runoff ◽

Diffuse Source ◽

The Road ◽

Roadside Dust ◽

On The Road

Lead (Pb) remains elevated in road runoff and roadside dust, which has been attributed to legacy lead in surface soils from leaded petrol. However, “lead” tyre weights, an alloy of 95% Pb and 5% Sb, may be a relatively unrecognised diffuse source of Pb and Sb as they are still used in many countries. An unknown number of these weights drop off tyre rims and deposit on the road where they are abraded and dispersed, potentially causing adverse environmental effects. The type, number and weight of tyre weights lost from motor vehicles were characterised for a range of roading infrastructures and motor vehicle intensities in a 38 month long study of a 6.9 km length of road in Hamilton City, New Zealand. Overall, 1070 tyre weights with a combined mass of 18.6 kg were collected. About 96.4% of the collected weights were made of “lead”, which is an alloy of 95% Pb and 5% Sb, indicating tyre weights can be a major source of Pb and Sb in urban areas. The tyre weight distribution on roads used in this study depended mainly on traffic density and the prevalence of “start stop” patterns in traffic flow influenced by roundabouts and intersections. “Lead” tyre weights should be phased out and replaced with environmentally benign materials.

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Biological Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/tow062 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 1071-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J Cossentine ◽

M Robertson ◽

D Xu

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

North America ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

First Instar ◽

Soft Fruit ◽

Pupal Mortality ◽

Adult Drosophila

Abstract Whole-culture extracts of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner strains were assayed against larval and adult Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an important invasive pest of many thin-skinned soft fruit crops in North America. Of the 22 serovars tested versus larval D. suzukii , strains of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis , kurstaki , thompsoni , bolivia , and pakistani caused high (75 to 100%) first-instar mortalities. Pupal mortality, measured as a failure of adults to emerge, varied with serovar. The first D. suzukii instar was the most susceptible of the three larval instars to B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1. Larval D. suzukii are shielded from crop treatments, as they develop under the skin of infested fruit, and adults would be a more vulnerable target for an efficacious strain of B. thuringiensis . Only one of the 21 B. thuringiensis serovars, var. thuringiensis , prepared as oral suspensions in sucrose for adult D. suzukii ingestion resulted in significant, albeit low mortality within 7 d. It is not a candidate for use in pest management, as it produces β -exotoxin that is toxic to vertebrates.

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The attractant, but not the trap design, affects the capture of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485320000401 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Samuel Cruz-Esteban ◽

Edith Garay-Serrano ◽

Christian Rodríguez ◽

Julio C. Rojas

Keyword(s):

Chemical Cues ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Trap Design ◽

Apple Cider ◽

Berry Crops ◽

Soft Fruit ◽

Determining Factor

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is recognized as an invasive pest in Europe and North America. In Mexico, it is one of the main insect pests of soft-skinned fruits such as blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, plums, and guava. Previous studies have shown that D. suzukii uses visual and chemical cues during host plant searching. This knowledge has been used to develop traps and attractants for monitoring D. suzukii. In this study, five trap designs were evaluated to monitor D. suzukii under field conditions. Traps were baited with SuzukiiTrap®, Z-Kinol, an attractant based on acetoin and methionol, or apple cider vinegar (ACV) enriched with 10% ethanol (EtOH) with the synergistic action of carbon dioxide (CO2). Our results suggested that the attractant was the determining factor in capturing D. suzukii, while trap design seemed to play a modest role. We found that traps baited with Z-Kinol captured the highest number of D. suzukii compared to that caught by traps baited with SuzukiiTrap®, or ACV + EtOH + CO2. The highest catch numbers occurred in blackberry, followed by strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry. Traps captured more females than males. The results obtained may be useful for monitoring D. suzukii populations in Mexico and elsewhere, particularly in states where soft fruit crops are a component of agricultural activities.

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