scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N Raybould ◽  
M Larkin ◽  
R. J Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Target Prevention ◽  
Gambling Harms

ABSTRACTObjectiveHere we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency.Primary and Secondary Outcome MeasuresInclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) not written in English; 2) not an empirical study (i.e. an editorial piece or letter); 3) not available as a full article.SearchA systematic search was conducted using the Web of Science database in August 2019. Selected studies were assessed for quality using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.ResultsForty-Seven studies published between 2006 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, risk severity and gambling behaviours. However, the majority of research regarding gender concluded that harm profiles were similar, or differences could be explained by confounding variables.ConclusionHarms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency.Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in February 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: 56 studies published between 1994 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours.Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and participation frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article. Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria. Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is there a health inequality in gambling related harms? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie N. Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard J. Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and participation frequency. Primary and secondary outcome measures Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 4) not available as a full article. Methods We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria. Results A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and participation frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Timing of device reimplantation and reinfection rates following cardiac implantable electronic device infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Chew ◽  
Ranjani Somayaji ◽  
John Conly ◽  
Derek Exner ◽  
Elissa Rennert-May
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Device Infection ◽  
Incident Rate

ObjectivesInitial management of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection requires removal of the infected CIED system and treatment with systemic antibiotics. However, the optimal timing to device reimplantation is unknown. The aim of this study was to quantify the incidence of reinfection after initial management of CIED infection, and to assess the effect of timing to reimplantation on reinfection rates.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.InterventionsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of studies published up to February 2018. Inclusion criteria were: (a) documented CIED infection, (b) studies that reported the timing to device reimplantation and (c) studies that reported the proportion of participants with device reinfection. A meta-analysis of proportions using a random effects model was performed to estimate the pooled device reinfection rate.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the rate of CIED reinfection. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality.ResultsOf the 280 screened studies, 8 met inclusion criteria with an average of 96 participants per study (range 15–220 participants). The pooled incidence rate of device reinfection was 0.45% (95% CI, 0.02% to 1.23%) per person year. A longer time to device reimplantation >72 hours was associated with a trend towards higher rates of reinfection (unadjusted incident rate ratio 4.8; 95% CI 0.9 to 24.3, p=0.06); however, the meta-regression analysis was unable to adjust for important clinical covariates. There did not appear to be a difference in reinfection rates when time to reimplantation was stratified at 1 week. Heterogeneity was moderate (I2=61%).ConclusionsThe incident rate of reinfection following initial management of CIED infection is not insignificant. Time to reimplantation may affect subsequent rates of device reinfection. Our findings are considered exploratory and significant heterogeneity limits interpretation.PROSERO registration numberCRD4201810960.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomic associations of adverse drug reactions in asthma: systematic review and research prioritisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte King ◽  
Amanda McKenna ◽  
Niloufar Farzan ◽  
Susanne J. Vijverberg ◽  
Marc P. van der Schee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Adrenal Suppression ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor ◽  
Pharmacogenomic Studies

Abstract A systematic review of pharmacogenomic studies capturing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to asthma medications was undertaken, and a survey of Pharmacogenomics in Childhood Asthma (PiCA) consortia members was conducted. Studies were eligible if genetic polymorphisms were compared with suspected ADR(s) in a patient with asthma, as either a primary or secondary outcome. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The ADRs and polymorphisms identified were change in lung function tests (rs1042713), adrenal suppression (rs591118), and decreased bone mineral density (rs6461639) and accretion (rs9896933, rs2074439). Two of these polymorphisms were replicated within the paper, but none had external replication. Priorities from PiCA consortia members (representing 15 institution in eight countries) for future studies were tachycardia (SABA/LABA), adrenal suppression/crisis and growth suppression (corticosteroids), sleep/behaviour disturbances (leukotriene receptor antagonists), and nausea and vomiting (theophylline). Future pharmacogenomic studies in asthma should collect relevant ADR data as well as markers of efficacy.

scholarly journals Open Versus Arthroscopic Repair of 1B Ulnar-Sided Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears: A Systematic Review

Hand ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Vanessa Robba ◽  
Andrew Fowler ◽  
Alexia Karantana ◽  
Douglas Grindlay ◽  
Tommy Lindau
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Open Repair ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex ◽  
Arthroscopic Repair ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Druj Instability ◽  
Triangular Fibrocartilage

Background: Peripheral 1B tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) can result in distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability. In the context of associated DRUJ instability, combined evidence supports successful outcomes for peripheral tear repair. Methods: The aim of this systematic review (SR) was to compare the surgical treatment of 1B TFCC tears via arthroscopic versus open methods of repair. The primary outcome measure was restored DRUJ stability. The secondary outcome measures included patient-reported outcomes and clinical outcome measures. An electronic database search of Ovid Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed to cover a 20-year period. Two authors independently screened records for eligibility and extracted data. Results: Only 3 studies met the strict inclusion criteria, highlighting the poor evidence base for TFCC 1B repairs. Hence, a “secondary analysis” group was developed with modified inclusion criteria which included a further 7 studies for analysis. Pooled data from the primary and secondary analysis groups demonstrated that postoperative DRUJ stability was achieved following open repair in 84% (76/90) of cases and following arthroscopic repair in 86% (129/150) of cases. Conclusions: This SR demonstrates a current lack of high-quality evidence required to draw firm conclusions on the merits of arthroscopic versus open repair of 1B TFCC tears. There is no scientific evidence to suggest superiority of one technique over the other, albeit some surgeons and authors may express a strong personal view.

Unemployment among young people and mental health: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky H. M. Bartelink ◽  
Kyaw Zay Ya ◽  
Karin Guldbrandsson ◽  
Sven Bremberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to obtain a better understanding of the association between unemployment among young people and mental health. Methods: After screening the title and abstract of 794 articles drawn from four electronic databases, 52 articles remained for full-text reading. Of these, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed on methodological quality. All steps were performed independently by two reviewers. Finally, a total of 17 articles were included in the systematic review. Results: Analysis of cross-sectional studies ( N = 5) showed an association between unemployment among young people and mental health. An effect of unemployment on mental health was found when considering cohort studies ( N = 12) that did not control for confounders (7/7). When controlling for confounders except mental health at baseline, this effect decreased in most studies leading to mixed results, although the majority (6/8) still found an effect. However, when taking mental health at baseline into account as one of the confounders, only a minority of studies (3/8) found a significant effect of unemployment on mental health. Conclusions: This systematic review showed an association between unemployment among young people and mental health. However, whether there is a causal relationship is less clear. More evidence from, for example, natural experiments and longitudinal studies that control for confounding variables, especially mental health at baseline, is required to better understand the association and potential causation between unemployment among young people and mental health.

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