scholarly journals An Analysis for Key Indicators of Reproducibility in Radiology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Wright ◽  
Nam Vo ◽  
Johnny Nolan ◽  
Austin L. Johnson ◽  
Tyler Braaten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
National Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Random List ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Radiological Studies

AbstractBackgroundGiven the central role of radiology in patient care, it is important that radiological research is grounded in reproducible science. It remains unexamined whether there is a lack of reproducibility or transparency in radiologic research.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze published radiology literature for the presence or absence of key indicators of reproducibility.MethodsThis cross-sectional, retrospective study was performed by conducting a search of the National Library of Medicine to identify publications contained within journals in the field of Radiology. Journals that were not written in English or MEDLINE indexed were excluded from the analysis. Studies published from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 were used to generate a random list of 300 publications for this meta-analysis. A pilot-tested, Google form was used to evaluate key indicators of reproducibility in the queried publications.ResultsOur initial search returned 295,543 records, from which 300 were randomly selected for analysis. Of these 300 records, 294 met the inclusion criteria. Among the empirical publications, 5.6% contained a data availability statement (11/195, 95% CI: 3.0-8.3), 0.51% provided clearly documented raw data (1/195), 12.0% provided a materials availability statement (23/191, 8.4-15.7), none provided analysis scripts, 4.1% provided a preregistration statement (8/195, 1.9-6.3), 2.1% provided a protocol statement (4/195, 0.4-3.7), and 3.6% were preregistered (7/195, 1.5-5.7).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that key indicators of reproducibility are missing in the field of radiology. Thus, the ability to reproduce radiological studies may be problematic and may have potential clinical implications.

scholarly journals O-195 The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on psychological distress due to the cancellation of ART. A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Donarelli ◽  
G Lo Coco ◽  
S Gullo ◽  
V Oieni ◽  
A Volpes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infertile Patients

Abstract Study question Is there evidence that infertile patients have been more likely to experience distress during the COVID-19 outbreak with the consequent interruption of treatment plans? Summary answer High levels of psychological distress among infertile patients have been found during the COVID-19 pandemic, greater than that reported in the general population. What is known already Preliminary research on the negative consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health evidenced heightened levels of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress in some clinical populations as well as in community samples. However, little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on psychological distress of infertile patients who have been forced to suspend infertility treatment and postpone parenthood goals during the pandemic. The aim of this meta-analytic review is to summarize extant literature on the prevalence of psychological distress symptoms in infertile patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design, size, duration A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines on PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MedRxiv from March 2020 to mid-December 2020. Study inclusion criteria were specified according to the PICOS guideline. All naturalistic or RCT studies published in 2020 that examined infertility as the primary diagnosis and had a quantitative measurement of distress, were eligible. The primary outcomes were symptoms of psychological distress and secondary outcomes were indicators of psychological health. Participants/materials, setting, methods The database search identified 144 papers. Two reviewers independently screened potential studies by title and abstracts based on the inclusion criteria. The full texts were then screened for eligibility. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to judge the methodological quality of the studies. In order to estimate the pooled prevalence of distress, Odds Ratios with 95% Confidence Interval were calculated as the effect size by using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was tested using I2 statistics. Main results and the role of chance Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were summarized for the systematic review (N = 6473). Only six studies did not include males although, in the surveys, females made up 92% of the total sample. Ten studies adopted a cross-sectional study design. 100% gathered data through an online survey. Nine studies showed a high risk of bias, and five had a moderate risk. Review results showed that 56,4% of patients wished to resume treatment; participants were mostly worried about the delay in treatment because of their age (>35 years) or diminished ovarian reserve, or money constraints and low education level. Only five studies examined the role of protective factors such as social support, coping, optimism trait and intolerance of uncertainty. Nine studies were included for meta-analysis. The prevalence of psychological distress was 0.58 (95% CI 0.32÷0.84). The pooled point estimates of prevalence for anxiety (N = 6) were 0.56 (95% CI 0.24÷0.88), whereas the prevalence for depression (N = 5) was 0.46 (95% CI 0.15÷0.77). There was significant heterogeneity among studies to estimate the prevalence (I² ranging from 99% to 100%). Limitations, reasons for caution Results are preliminary, given the small number of studies and their cross-sectional data. The risk of bias was high or moderate across studies. Wider implications of the findings Infertile couples reported high levels of distress due to cancellation of their diagnostic procedures or treatment; they would benefit from information, appropriate support and advice from healthcare professionals, with an important role in maintaining the wishes of infertile couples to continue their parenthood goals. Trial registration number not applicable

scholarly journals 306 - Loneliness and mortality in older adults and the role of depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
T.J. Holwerda ◽  
D. Rhebergen ◽  
H.C. Comijs ◽  
J.J.M. Dekker ◽  
M.L. Stek
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

Background:The prevalence of loneliness increases with age. The presence of loneliness in older adults has been found to be associated with health problems such as depression, decreased cognitive functioning, increases in systolic blood pressure and increased mortality. The underlying mechanisms of the higher mortality risk are largely unknown.Methods:Meta-analysis to investigate the present evidence for the associations between loneliness and mortality. Cross-sectional studies investigating the associations between loneliness and cardiovascular disease and between loneliness and cortisol in 378 depressed and 132 non-depressed older adults.Results:Loneliness appears to be associated with increased mortality, although when only studies are included that consider depression as a covariate, the association is not significant. Therefore it seems likely that depression plays a mediating role in the higher mortality risk.We did not find a significant association between loneliness and cardiovascular disease. In contrast, loneliness was significantly associated with lower cortisol output and decreased dexamethasone suppression.Discussion:The results and their implications for prevention and treatment will be discussed from a clinical perspective as well as a general health perspective. Is loneliness as potentially dangerous as depression?

scholarly journals Flap fixation in preventing seroma formation after mastectomy: an updated meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzio Velotti ◽  
Gennaro Limite ◽  
Antonio Vitiello ◽  
Giovanna Berardi ◽  
Mario Musella
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Seroma Formation ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Strong Evaluation ◽  
Flap Fixation

AbstractSeroma formation following mastectomy is one of the most experienced complications, with a very variable incidence ranging from 3 to 90%. In recent years, many publications have been realized to define an effective technique to prevent its formation and several approaches have been proposed. Given the potential of flap fixation in reducing seroma formation, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature to investigate the role of this approach as definitive gold standard in mastectomy surgery. Inclusion criteria regarded all studies reporting on breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy with or without axillary lymph node dissection; studies that compared mastectomy with flap fixation to mastectomy without flap fixation were selected. Papers were eligible for inclusion if outcome was described in terms of seroma formation. As secondary outcome, also surgical site infection (SSI) was evaluated. The included studies were 12, involving 1887 female patients: 221/986 (22.41%) patients experienced seroma formation after flap fixation and 393/901 (43.61%) patients had this complication not receiving flap fixation, with a significant statistical difference between the two groups (OR = 0.267, p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.153, 0.464). About, SSI 59/686 (8.6%) in flap fixation group and 67/686 (9.7%) in patients without flap fixation, with no statistical differences between groups (OR = 0.59, p = 0.056, 95% CI 0.344, 1.013).The heterogeneity between included studies does not allow us to reach definitive conclusions but only to suggest the strong evaluation of this approach after mastectomy in seroma preventing and SSI reduction.

scholarly journals The relationship between Internet use and self-concept clarity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Elena Petre
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

There are three hypotheses regarding the relationship between Self-Concept Clarity (SCC) and Internet use. It was argued that Internet use: 1) decreases SCC, 2) increases SCC, 3) does not relate with SCC. The present study, in the form of a systematic and meta-analytic synthesis, aimed to explore: a) the extent empirical evidence can support each hypothesis; b) how Internet use-SCC relationship was addressed across studies; c) the intensity of the Internet use –SCC relationship; d) potential moderators. Twenty-one studies (N = 8,910) met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review (i.e., being quantitative, written in English, concerned with Internet use -SCC relationship) and 11 studies (N = 3,298) met the additional criteria for meta-analysis (i.e., being correlational, using self-evaluation instruments, quantifying general Internet use and including the information needed to calculate the meta-analysis specific indicators). Results emphasized that all three hypotheses are plausible, as distinct dimensions of Internet use related differently with SCC. However, the conclusions were limited by the extensive use of cross-sectional design. For general Internet use and SCC relationship the overall effect was -0.350, p < .01. Some moderators were significant: cultural background, Internet operationalization, age homogeneity, participants rewarding. This paper outlines the complexity of SCC – Internet relationship and underlines some of the gaps that should be further addressed. Implications and limits of the study (e.g., publication bias, excluded outcomes in the meta-analysis or possible omission of moderators) are discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Adult Attachment and Social Support in Hoarding Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Medard ◽  
Stephen Kellett
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Revised Si

Background: Research concerning the role of attachment and social support in hoarding is currently under investigated. Aims: To investigate whether hoarders experience less social support and more problematic relationships, the degree to which attachment and social support predicts hoarding and whether attachment moderates the relationship between social support and hoarding. Method: Measures of hoarding, attachment and social support were taken in a cross-sectional methodological design. Hoarders were identified via scores reaching caseness on the Savings Inventory–Revised (SI-R). Results: Hoarders (N = 380) reported significantly higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance and significantly lower levels of social support than student (N = 670) and community (N = 379) controls. Attachment and social support predicted 13% of total SI-R scores for hoarders, and attachment anxiety (but not avoidance) moderated the inverse relationship between social support and hoarding. Conclusions: Attachment and social support appears problematic for hoarders. Clinical implications and methodological issues are noted.

scholarly journals PERILAKU IBU RUMAH TANGGA DALAM PEMBERANTASAN SARANG NYAMUK DI KAWASAN PESISIR WAIHERU AMBON 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Rahwan Ahmad ◽  
Prasetyawati Prasetyawati
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Education ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Education and behavior (knowledge, attitudes and actions) about healthy living are important things, especially applied in life, so as not to fall sick so that they can carry out activities properly. Worldwide, there are more than 2500 species of mosquitoes, although most of these mosquito species are not associated with disease. Larva eradication practice can be done with 3M plus. The role of the community in eradicating mosquito nests is prioritized by housewives because they are generally responsible for taking care of the household including household hygiene problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between education and knowledge with the behavior of housewives in eradicating mosquito nests. The method used was cross-sectional analytic, the sampling technique used simple random sampling and inclusion criteria in order to obtain 50 respondents. Data analysis used Chi-Square with a significant level of 95% with a significance value of 5%. Results: Respondents with higher education and good behavior were 73.1%. Respondents with low education and bad behavior were 70.8%. Respondents with good knowledge and good behavior were 75%, respondents with bad knowledge and bad behavior were 77.3%. Conclusion: There is a relationship between education and the behavior of housewives in eradicating mosquito nests, and there is a relationship between knowledge and behavior of housewives in eradicating mosquito nests. Keyword : Household, Education, Knowledge, Behavior

scholarly journals Effect of Secondary Education on Exclusive Breastfeeding: Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferda Fibi Tyas Nurkholifa ◽  
◽  
Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari ◽  
Hanung Prasetya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java

ABSTRACT Background: Many studies reported the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for infants. However, there are many obstacles faced by lactating mothers to provide exclusive breastfeeding for their children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of secondary education on exclusive breastfeeding using a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted by collecting articles from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used exclusive breastfeeding” AND “secondary education” OR “education for breastfeeding” AND “cross sectional” AND “adjusted odd ratio”. The study population was postpartum mothers. Intervention was secondary education with comparison primary education. The study outcome was exclusive breastfeeding. The inclusion criteria were full text, using English or Indonesian language, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed using random effect model run on Revman 5.3. Results: 7 studies from Peru, China, Nigeria, Korea, Ireland, Sub-Sahara, and South Australia were met the inclusion criteria. There was high heterogeneity between groups (I2= 94%; p<0.001). This study reported that secondary education reduced exclusive breastfeeding, but it was statistically non-significant (aOR= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.60 to 1.24; p= 0.430). Conclusion: Secondary education reduced exclusive breastfeeding, but it was statistically non-significant. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, secondary education, postpartum Correspondence: Ferda Fibi Tyas Nurkholifa. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285655778863. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.131

scholarly journals Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 965-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Lassale ◽  
G. David Batty ◽  
Amaria Baghdadli ◽  
Felice Jacka ◽  
Almudena Sánchez-Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Index

AbstractWith depression being the psychiatric disorder incurring the largest societal costs in developed countries, there is a need to gather evidence on the role of nutrition in depression, to help develop recommendations and guide future psychiatric health care. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the link between diet quality, measured using a range of predefined indices, and depressive outcomes. Medline, Embase and PsychInfo were searched up to 31st May 2018 for studies that examined adherence to a healthy diet in relation to depressive symptoms or clinical depression. Where possible, estimates were pooled using random effect meta-analysis with stratification by observational study design and dietary score. A total of 20 longitudinal and 21 cross-sectional studies were included. These studies utilized an array of dietary measures, including: different measures of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Alternative HEI (AHEI), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index. The most compelling evidence was found for the Mediterranean diet and incident depression, with a combined relative risk estimate of highest vs. lowest adherence category from four longitudinal studies of 0.67 (95% CI 0.55–0.82). A lower Dietary Inflammatory Index was also associated with lower depression incidence in four longitudinal studies (relative risk 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63–0.92). There were fewer longitudinal studies using other indices, but they and cross-sectional evidence also suggest an inverse association between healthy diet and depression (e.g., relative risk 0.65; 95% CI 0.50–0.84 for HEI/AHEI). To conclude, adhering to a healthy diet, in particular a traditional Mediterranean diet, or avoiding a pro-inflammatory diet appears to confer some protection against depression in observational studies. This provides a reasonable evidence base to assess the role of dietary interventions to prevent depression. This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under the number CRD42017080579.

scholarly journals On the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannis Born ◽  
David Beymer ◽  
Deepta Rajan ◽  
Adam Coy ◽  
Vandana V. Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Dataset Size ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Keyword Searches

AbstractPurposeThe global COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of numerous digital technologies in medicine from telemedicine to remote monitoring. Concurrently, the pandemic has resulted in huge pressures on healthcare systems. Medical imaging from chest radiographs to computed tomography and ultrasound of the thorax have played an important role in the diagnosis and management of the coronavirus infection.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of the literature focused on MI in COVID-19 and the utility of AI. Keyword searches were performed on PubMed and preprint servers including arXiv, bioRxiv and medRxiv; 338 papers were included in a meta-analysis and manually reviewed to assess solutions in AI according to their clinical relevance. The maturity of the papers was evaluated based on four criteria: peer-review, patient dataset size, algorithmic complexity and usage of the AI in clinical practice.ResultsIn the first three quarters of 2020, we identified 3444 papers on MI in COVID-19, of which 556 had at least some focus on AI. 2039 of 3444 were specific to imaging modalities and predominantly (80.7%) focused on CT (9.9% on LUS and 9.5% on CXR). The AI literature was predominantly focused on CXR (51.2%), 36.1% on CT and 1.8% on LUS. Only a small portion of the papers were judged as mature (3.8%) and most AI papers focused on disease detection (72.8%).ConclusionsThis review evidences a disparity between clinicians and the AI community, both in the focus on imaging modalities and performed tasks. Better collaboration is needed to allocate resources optimally for the development of clinically relevant solutions that are validated on large-scale patient data.Clinical implicationsAI may aid clinicians and radiologists by providing better tools for localization and quantification of disease features and changes thereof, and, with integration of clinical data, may provide better diagnostic performance and prognostic value.

scholarly journals Waterpipe Use Prevalence Rate in Turkey: A Meta-analysis Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Aydoğan ◽  
H Aygar ◽  
M F Önsüz ◽  
S Metintas
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waterpipe Use

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to perform a meta-analysis of studies about the waterpipe use prevalence in Turkey. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Turkey Citation Index, TR Index and the Cochrane Library databases were screened both in Turkish and English languages to identify relevant studies by using keywords ’waterpipe use’, ’prevalence’ and ’Turkey’. Inclusion criteria; original and cross-sectional design, studies that done during and after the year 2010, studies that given the number of participants and number of people using waterpipe and studies that done in Turkey. Open Meta Analyst demo program was used to calculate the prevalence rate of the study groups. Since the articles were p &lt; 0.001 in the heterogeneity test, prevalence rate and 95% confidence intervals were calculated from the number of cases using the random effects model in group analysis. Results As a result of first literature review 26 articles were reached. Duplications were eliminated and summaries of the remaining articles were read as double-blind. Ten studies were included in the study that were suitable for inclusion criteria and quality evaluation. Seven of the studies were conducted only in university students, while 3 were community-based. As a result of the analysis, 2399 of 8845 university students used waterpipe (31.0%; 95% CI: 27.3-34.7), while 356 of the 33,129 individuals used waterpipe (1.2%; 95% CI: 0.04-2.0) in community-based studies. Conclusions As a result of the comprehensive literature research, it was found that the studies on waterpipe use were less in literature and prevalence was higher than expected in university students. Key messages In university students, the use of waterpipe was more common than the community, and intervention studies about the use of waterpipe were needed. Waterpipe use and surveillance studies in the communities are important for taking preventive measures and monitoring health outcomes.

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