scholarly journals Endogenous α-SYN protein analysis from human brain tissues using single-molecule pull-down assay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goun Je ◽  
Benjamin Croop ◽  
Sambuddha Basu ◽  
Jialei Tang ◽  
Kyu Young Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Postmortem Brains ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
Molecular Nature

AbstractAlpha-synuclein (α-SYN) is a central molecule in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis. Despite several studies, the molecular nature of endogenous α-SYN especially in human brain samples is still not well understood due to the lack of reliable methods and the limited amount of bio-specimens. Here, we introduce α-SYN single-molecule pull-down (α-SYN SiMPull) assay combined with in vivo protein crosslinking to count individual α-SYN protein and assess its native oligomerization states from biological samples including human postmortem brains. This powerful single-molecule assay can be highly useful in diagnostic applications using various specimens for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals Single Molecule FRET Characterization of Oligomers from Alpha-Synuclein Early Onset Parkinson's Disease Mutants

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 269a ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Tosatto ◽  
Mathew H. Horrocks ◽  
Cremades Nunilo ◽  
Tim Guilliams ◽  
Mauro Dalla Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Single Molecule Fret ◽  
Early Onset Parkinson’S Disease

scholarly journals Alpha-Synuclein Protofibrils in Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Potential Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1429-1442
Author(s):  
Marianne von Euler Chelpin ◽  
Linda Söderberg ◽  
Johanna Fälting ◽  
Christer Möller ◽  
Marco Giorgetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Csf Levels

Background: Currently, there is no established biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD) and easily accessible biomarkers are crucial for developing disease-modifying treatments. Objective: To develop a novel method to quantify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of α-synuclein protofibrils (α-syn PF) and apply it to clinical cohorts of patients with PD and atypical parkinsonian disorders. Methods: A cohort composed of 49 patients with PD, 12 with corticobasal degeneration (CBD), 22 with progressive supranuclear palsy, and 33 controls, that visited the memory clinic but had no biomarker signs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD, tau<350 pg/mL, amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42)>530 pg/mL, and phosphorylated tau (p-tau)<60 pg/mL) was used in this study. The CSF samples were analyzed with the Single molecule array (Simoa) technology. Total α-synuclein (α-syn) levels were analyzed with a commercial ELISA-kit. Results: The assay is specific to α-syn PF, with no cross-reactivity to monomeric α-syn, or the β- and γ-synuclein variants. CSF α-syn PF levels were increased in PD compared with controls (62.1 and 40.4 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.03), and CBD (62.1 and 34.2 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.02). The accuracy of predicting PD using α-syn PF is significantly different from controls (area under the curve 0.68, p = 0.0097) with a sensitivity of 62.8% and specificity of 67.7%. Levels of total α-syn were significantly different between the PD and CBD groups (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The developed method specifically quantifies α-syn PF in human CSF with increased concentrations in PD, but with an overlap with asymptomatic elderly controls.

scholarly journals Single-molecule FRET studies on alpha-synuclein oligomerization of Parkinson’s disease genetically related mutants

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Tosatto ◽  
Mathew H. Horrocks ◽  
Alexander J. Dear ◽  
Tuomas P. J. Knowles ◽  
Mauro Dalla Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Single Molecule Fret

scholarly journals In vivo phenotyping of Parkinson-specific stem cells reveals increased a-Synuclein levels but no spreading

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Hemmer ◽  
Lisa M. Smits ◽  
Silvia Bolognin ◽  
Jens C. Schwamborn
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Species Barrier

AbstractParkinson′s disease is a progressive age-associated neurological disorder. One of the major neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease is the appearance of protein aggregates, mainly consisting of the protein alpha-Synuclein. These aggregates have been described both in genetic as well as idiopathic forms of the disease. Currently, Parkinson’s disease patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are mainly used for in vitro disease modeling or for experimental cell replacement approaches. Here, we demonstrate that these cells can be used for in vivo disease modeling. We show that Parkinson’s disease patient-specific, iPSC-derived neurons carrying the LRRK2-G2019S mutation show an upregulation of alpha-Synuclein after transplantation in the mouse brain. However, further investigations indicate that the increased human alpha-Synuclein levels fail to induce spreading or aggregation in the mouse brain. We therefore conclude that grafting of these cells into the mouse brain is suitable for cell autonomous in vivo disease modeling but has strong limitations beyond that. Furthermore, our results support the hypothesis that there might be a species barrier between human to mouse concerning alpha-Synuclein spreading.

scholarly journals CLR01 protects dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in mouse models of Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Bengoa-Vergniory ◽  
Emilie Faggiani ◽  
Paula Ramos-Gonzalez ◽  
Ecem Kirkiz ◽  
Natalie Connor-Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Molecular Tweezers ◽  
Alpha Synuclein Aggregation

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects millions of patients worldwide and is characterized by alpha-synuclein aggregation in dopamine neurons. Molecular tweezers have shown high potential as anti-aggregation agents targeting positively charged residues of proteins undergoing amyloidogenic processes. Here we report that the molecular tweezer CLR01 decreased aggregation and toxicity in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic cultures treated with PD brain protein extracts. In microfluidic devices CLR01 reduced alpha-synuclein aggregation in cell somas when axonal terminals were exposed to alpha-synuclein oligomers. We then tested CLR01 in vivo in a humanized alpha-synuclein overexpressing mouse model; mice treated at 12 months of age when motor defects are mild exhibited an improvement in motor defects and a decreased oligomeric alpha-synuclein burden. Finally, CLR01 reduced alpha-synuclein-associated pathology in mice injected with alpha-synuclein aggregates into the striatum or substantia nigra. Taken together, these results highlight CLR01 as a disease-modifying therapy for PD and support further clinical investigation.

scholarly journals Modeling alpha-synuclein pathology in a human brain-chip to assess blood-brain barrier disruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iosif Pediaditakis ◽  
Konstantia R. Kodella ◽  
Dimitris V. Manatakis ◽  
Christopher Y. Le ◽  
Chris D. Hinojosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

AbstractParkinson’s disease and related synucleinopathies are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates, loss of dopaminergic neurons, and gliosis of the substantia nigra. Although clinical evidence and in vitro studies indicate disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Parkinson’s disease, the mechanisms mediating the endothelial dysfunction is not well understood. Here we leveraged the Organs-on-Chips technology to develop a human Brain-Chip representative of the substantia nigra area of the brain containing dopaminergic neurons, astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and microvascular brain endothelial cells, cultured under fluid flow. Our αSyn fibril-induced model was capable of reproducing several key aspects of Parkinson’s disease, including accumulation of phosphorylated αSyn (pSer129-αSyn), mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and compromised barrier function. This model may enable research into the dynamics of cell-cell interactions in human synucleinopathies and serve as a testing platform for target identification and validation of novel therapeutics.

scholarly journals Alpha-synuclein antisense oligonucleotides as a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Cole ◽  
Hien Zhao ◽  
Timothy J. Collier ◽  
Ivette Sandoval ◽  
Caryl E. Sortwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Disease Modifying

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease with no approved disease-modifying therapies. Multiplications, mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SNCA gene, encoding alpha-synuclein protein (aSyn), either cause or increase risk for PD. Intracellular accumulations of aSyn are pathological hallmarks of PD. Taken together, reduction of aSyn production may provide a disease-modifying therapy for PD. We show that antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) reduce production of aSyn in rodent pre-formed fibril (PFF) models of PD. Reduced aSyn production leads to prevention and removal of established aSyn pathology and prevents dopaminergic cell dysfunction. In addition, we address the translational potential of the approach through characterization of human SNCA targeting ASOs that efficiently suppress the human SNCA transcript in vivo. We demonstrate broad activity and distribution of the human SNCA ASOs throughout the non-human primate brain and a corresponding decrease in aSyn cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) levels. Taken together, these data suggest that by inhibiting production of aSyn it may be possible to reverse established pathology and thus supports the development of SNCA ASOs as a potentially disease modifying therapy for PD and related synucleinopathies.SummaryAntisense oligonucleotides designed against SNCA, which are progressing to the clinic, have the potential to be a disease modifying therapeutic for Parkinson’s disease patients.

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