scholarly journals Flax latitudinal adaptation at LuTFL1 altered architecture and promoted fiber production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal M Gutaker ◽  
Maricris Zaidem ◽  
Yong-Bi Fu ◽  
Axel Diederichsen ◽  
Oliver Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
The North ◽  
Functional Homolog ◽  
Axillary Branches ◽  
Latitudinal Range ◽  
Flax Genome ◽  
Cultivated Flax

AbstractAfter domestication in the Near East around 10,000 years ago several founder crops, flax included, spread to European latitudes. On reaching northerly latitudes the architecture of domesticated flax became more suitable to fiber production over oil, with longer stems, smaller seeds and fewer axillary branches. Latitudinal adaptations in crops typically result in changes in flowering time, often involving the PEBP family of genes that also have the potential to influence plant architecture. Two PEBP family genes in the flax genome, LuTFL1 and LuTFL2, vary in wild and cultivated flax over latitudinal range with cultivated flax receiving LuTFL1 alleles from northerly wild flax populations. Compared to a background of population structure of flaxes over latitude, the LuTFL1 alleles display a level of differentiation that is consistent with selection for an allele III in the north. We demonstrate through heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana that LuTFL1 is a functional homolog of TFL1 in A. thaliana capable of changing both flowering time and plant architecture. We conclude that specialized fiber flax types could have formed as a consequence of a natural adaptation of cultivated flax to higher latitudes.

Total area of C-heterochromatin in nuclei and chromosomes as a measure of cultivated flax genome variability

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Muravenko ◽  
T. E. Samatadze ◽  
K. V. Popov ◽  
O. Yu. Yurkevich ◽  
I. V. Nosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Variability ◽  
Flax Genome ◽  
Cultivated Flax

scholarly journals Molecular and transcriptional characterization of phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins in wild peanuts Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqi Jin ◽  
Xuemin Tang ◽  
Mengge Xing ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Jiongming Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Arachis Duranensis ◽  
Wild Peanut ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract Background Phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) are involved in the regulation of plant architecture and flowering time. The functions of PEBP genes have been studied in many plant species. However, little is known about the characteristics and expression profiles of PEBP genes in wild peanut species, Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis, the diploid ancestors of cultivated peanuts. Results In this study, genome-wide identification methods were used to identify and characterize a total of 32 peanut PEBP genes, 16 from each of the two wild peanut species, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis. These PEBP genes were classified into 3 groups (TERMINAL FLOWER1-like, FLOWERING LOCUS T-like, and MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1-like) based on their phylogenetic relationships. The gene structures, motifs, and chromosomal locations for each of these PEBPs were analyzed. In addition, 4 interchromosomal duplications and 1 tandem duplication were identified in A. duranensis, and 2 interchromosomal paralogs and 1 tandem paralog were identified in A. ipaensis. Ninety-five different cis-acting elements were identified in the PEBP gene promoter regions and most genes had different numbers and types of cis-elements. As a result, the transcription patterns of these PEBP genes varied in different tissues and under long day and short day conditions during different growth phases, indicating the functional diversities of PEBPs in different tissues and their potential functions in plant photoperiod dependent developmental pathways. Moreover, our analysis revealed that AraduF950M/AraduWY2NX in A. duranensis, and Araip344D4/Araip4V81G in A. ipaensis are good candidates for regulating plant architecture, and that Aradu80YRY, AraduYY72S, and AraduEHZ9Y in A. duranensis and AraipVEP8T in A. ipaensis may be key factors regulating flowering time. Conclusion Sixteen PEBP genes were identified and characterized from each of the two diploid wild peanut genomes, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis. Genetic characterization and spatio-temporal expression analysis support their importance in plant growth and development. These findings further our understanding of PEBP gene functions in plant species.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Phytohormones on Morphology, Yield and Cannabinoid Content of Cannabis sativa L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Burgel ◽  
Jens Hartung ◽  
Daniele Schibano ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Axillary Branches

The impact of exogenously applied plant growth regulators (PGR), 1-naphthalenaecetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and a mixture of both (NAA/BAP-mix), was investigated in regard to plant height, length of axillary branches, number of internodes, biomass yield and cannabinoid content of three different phytocannabinoid-rich (PCR) Cannabis genotypes. The results showed that total plant height was significantly reduced under the application of NAA (28%), BAP (18%), and NAA/BAP-mix treated plants (15%). Axillary branch length was also significantly reduced by 58% (NAA) and 30% (NAA/BAP-mix). BAP did not significantly reduce the length of axillary branches. The number of internodes was reduced by NAA (19%), BAP (10%), and the NAA/BAP-mix (14%) compared to the untreated control. NAA application influenced the plant architecture of the tested cv. KANADA beneficially, resulting in a more compact growth habitus, while inflorescence yield (23.51 g plant−1) remained similar compared to the control (24.31 g plant−1). Inflorescence yield of v. 0.2x and cv. FED was reduced due to PGR application while cannabinoid content remained stable. Overall, the application of PGR could be used on a genotype-specific level to beneficially influence plant architecture and optimize inflorescence yield per unit area and thus cannabinoid yield, especially in the presence of space limitations under indoor cultivation.

Latitudinal variation in the life cycle of allodapine bees (Hymenoptera; Apidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L Cronin ◽  
Michael P Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Alloparental Care ◽  
The North ◽  
Brood Development ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Indirect Fitness ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Latitudinal Range ◽  
Eastern Seaboard

The life cycles of Exoneura robusta and Exoneura angophorae are examined in four populations along the eastern seaboard of Australia, where climate ranged from temperate in the south to subtropical in the north over a latitudinal range of approximately 10°. These species were univoltine throughout the range examined and most colonies produced a single brood. Timing and duration of brood development in E. robusta varied between sites, with brood development being more rapid in northern populations; there was only weak evidence of any effect of latitude in E. angophorae. All populations of E. angophorae exhibited a small proportion of doubly brooded colonies, but doubly brooded colonies were found only in northernmost populations of E. robusta. Two-brooded colonies can give rise to opportunities for sib rearing, which can alter the indirect fitness benefits for alloparental care. Our results indicate that there is an effect of climate on sociality in E. robusta but no, or very little, such effect in E. angophorae.

scholarly journals Results of ecological testing variety numbers of fiber-flax cultivars for yield and adaptability in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Elena Alexandrovna Trabyrova ◽  
Aminat Msostovna Konova ◽  
Anna Yurievna Gavrilova ◽  
Svetlana Mikhailovna Zueva ◽  
Sergey Mikhailovich Chehalkov
Keyword(s):  
Western Region ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
The North ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
State Register ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

The article presents the results of an ecological test of selection numbers of fiber-flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), bred in the conditions of the North-Western region, on the yield of flax fiber and the parameters of adaptability in the conditions of the Central Non-chernozem region. We tested 3 variety numbers: LS-1, LS-2 and LS-3. As a standard, we used a highly productive Impulse variety zoned in the region, of domestic selection, which was entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2003. According to the results of the studies, high adaptability in combination with potential productivity was obtained in the number of fiber-flax LS – 3 (1,14). Under variable meteorological conditions, the LS – 2 variety number and the Impulse variety had high resistance to stress (- 0.21 - 0.02, respectively). The most productive in contrast conditions was LS-3 (1.84 t / ha). The numbers LS – 1 (2.20) and LS – 3 (1.60) were the most responsive to the improvement of cultivation conditions.

scholarly journals Knock-out of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 genes altered flowering time and plant architecture in Brassica napus

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukarkarn Sriboon ◽  
Haitao Li ◽  
Chaocheng Guo ◽  
Thaveep Senkhamwong ◽  
Cheng Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Terminal Flower 1

The role of climate on floristic composition in a latitudinal gradient in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Magalhães Borges Prata ◽  
Aloysio De Pádua Teixeira ◽  
Carlos Alfredo Joly ◽  
Marco Antonio Assis
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
The North ◽  
Latitudinal Range

Background and aims – Latitudinal gradients have an important influence on species distribution reflecting the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, soil, and geographical distance. In the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, the role of climatic variables in the floristic composition is better known for altitudinal gradients of the Serra do Mar Mountains rather than for the latitudinal gradient. Here, we investigated the effects of mean annual temperature and rainfall on tree species distribution and composition in a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic forest.Methods – We calculated each species frequency of occurrence and the latitudinal range. We used multivariate analyses (direct ordination, Hierarchical Clustering followed by Indicator Species analysis and NMDS) to investigate variation in floristic composition, and regression analyses to evaluate mean annual temperatures and rainfall effects on tree species composition along the latitudinal gradient (21°S to 28°S).Key results – A total of 789 species were registered, of which a majority (646 species) were present in less than 20% of the sampled areas, and only four species (0.5%) were present in more than 80% of the sampled areas. Only ten species (1.3%) reached the maximum latitudinal range (~6°). We found a strong correlation between variation in floristic composition and the spatial position in the latitudinal gradient. The cluster analyses detected two main floristic groups, one composed by the forests from Rio de Janeiro (21°S to 23°S) and the second by the forests from São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina States (23°S to 28°S). The multiple regression analysis revealed a strong effect of the climatic variables on the variation of the floristic composition along the latitudinal gradient (r2 = 0.81, P < 0.001), where 62.82% of the variation were explained by mean annual temperature, 8.27% by annual rainfall and 10.45% by both variables together.Conclusions – The restricted distribution of most species may be explained by variations in mean annual temperature and annual rainfall along the latitudinal gradient. For instance, the decreasing mean annual temperature along the coast and the occurrence of frosts at higher latitudes may limit the southward distribution of some species while the lower annual rainfall (with marked seasonality) in the north of the gradient may limit the northward distribution of other species. Although mean annual temperature explained most of the variation in species composition along the latitudinal gradient, the abrupt variation in annual rainfall may explain the high floristic dissimilarity detected in the north of the gradient.

scholarly journals Study of collection accessions of the fiber flax gene pool according to the main agronomic characters in the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-530
Author(s):  
Aleksander D. Stepin ◽  
Michail N. Rysev ◽  
Tamara A. Ryseva ◽  
Svetlana V. Utkina ◽  
Nadezhda V. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
North West ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
The North ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
The Russian Federation

Studies on the evaluation of 20 fiber flax accessions of Russian, Chinese, Japanese and Polish breeding from the collection of the Federal Research Center "All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N. I. Vavilov" (VIR) were conducted in 2018-2020 in order to identify the sources of agronomic valuable characters that are adaptive to the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation. The HTC for the growing season in 2018 was 0.95, in 2019 – 1.53 and in 2020-1.1. Abiotic conditions had a greater influence on the formation of plant height (59.6 %), seed yield (60 %) and fiber content in plants (55.1 %), but the influence of the genotype on these indicators was also significant. The effect size of the genotype prevailed in the formation of fiber yield (67.2 %) and the duration of the growing season (52.8 %). The variability of characters was the greatest according to the seed yield (V = 6.7-33.9 %), disease resistance (V = 3.1-26.5 %); the lowest one was noted according to the duration of the growing season (V = 4.4-9.7 %). For the rest characters, it was at the level of up to 20 %. A valuable and plastic source material was identified for practical breeding aimed at creating new varieties with the following characters: early maturity – K-8680 (Russia), K-8782, K-8783 (Japan), which matured 3 days earlier than the Dobrynya standard and had a growing period of 67 days; productivity – K-8651, K-8760, K-8795, K-8797, K-8874, K-8877 (China), which significantly exceeded the fiber yield of the Dobrynya variety (241 g/m2) by 8-14 %. There were identified genotypes significantly exceeding the standard: according to the plant height (82 cm) ‒ K-8681 (Russia), K-8751, K-8794, K-8795, K-8754 (China) ‒ by 12-25 %; yield of flax straw (241 g/m2) – K-8681 (Russia), K-8751, K-8794, K-8795, K-8874, K-8880 (China) – by 25-40 %; seed yield (149 g/m2) ‒ K-8680 (Russia), K-8772 (Poland), K-8782 (Japan) – by 10-23 %; resistance to lodging (9 samples) and diseases (7 samples). Use of the identified gene sources in breeding practice should accelerate the creation of varieties that provide high and stable yields.

scholarly journals The differences of needle length of Douglas-fir provenances at two sites in test plantations

2012 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Vera Lavadinović ◽  
Nenad Marković
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The North ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Latitudinal Range ◽  
North Latitude

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Mirb.Franco) is the most successful introduced and ecologically adapted species in Europe since 1827. Its natural range extends from British Columbia in the North, as far as New Mexico in the south. Douglas-fir has the most extensive latitudinal range of any North American commercial conifer, from 19 to 55 North latitude (New Mexico - British Columbia). Genetic and ecological diversity of Douglas-fir results from its wide natural range of species distribution. Such a wide distribution of a species requires the testing of its characteristics. One of the models for testing the genetic diversity, variability and adaptability of introduced species is the provenance test. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of site environmental factors upon morphological characteristics of Douglas-fir needles.

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