scholarly journals Stronger effects of heterozygosity on survival in harsher environments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vincenzi ◽  
D Jesensek ◽  
JC Garza ◽  
AJ Crivelli
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Marble Trout ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Competition For Resources ◽  
Salmo Marmoratus

AbstractA stronger correlation between heterozygosity and fitness or its components (e.g., life-history traits such as survival, growth, morphology) is expected in harsher environments, but few studies have investigated whether the effects of heterozygosity on life-history traits vary with environmental conditions in natural populations. Here, the hypothesis that the effects of heterozygosity vary with environmental conditions was tested using six populations of marble trout Salmo marmoratus from Western Slovenia as a model system. Specifically, the tested hypotheses were: stronger effects of heterozygosity on survival in populations characterized by low average survival, no effects of heterozygosity on probability of surviving flash floods owing to their largely non-selective effects across traits, and stronger effects of heterozygosity on survival for fish born after floods than fish born before. A significant effect of heterozygosity on survival was found in populations characterized by low average survival. There were no effects of heterozygosity on probability of surviving flash floods, but in one population a positive correlation between heterozygosity and survival for fish born after the extreme events was found, probably because crowding in a small section of the stream caused more intense competition for resources.

scholarly journals Warmer temperatures attenuate the classic offspring number and reproductive investment trade-off in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 20160101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Rutschmann ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Jean Clobert ◽  
Murielle Richard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
The Common

Life-history traits involved in trade-offs are known to vary with environmental conditions. Here, we evaluate the response of the trade-off between ‘offspring number’ versus ‘energy invested per offspring’ to ambient temperature in 11 natural populations of the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara . We provide evidence at both the intra- and interpopulation levels that the trade-off is reduced with an increase in air temperature. If this effect enhances current individual fitness, it may lead to an accelerated pace of life in warmer environments and could ultimately increase adult mortality. In the context of global warming, our results advocate the need for more studies in natural populations to explore interactions between life-history traits' trade-offs and environmental conditions.

Life history and environmental influences on population dynamics in sockeye salmon

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Braun ◽  
John D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Habitat Variables

Understanding linkages among life history traits, the environment, and population dynamics is a central goal in ecology. We compared 15 populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to test general hypotheses for the relative importance of life history traits and environmental conditions in explaining variation in population dynamics. We used life history traits and habitat variables as covariates in mixed-effect Ricker models to evaluate the support for correlates of maximum population growth rates, density dependence, and variability in dynamics among populations. We found dramatic differences in the dynamics of populations that spawn in a small geographical area. These differences among populations were related to variation in habitats but not life history traits. Populations that spawned in deep water had higher and less variable population growth rates, and populations inhabiting streams with larger gravels experienced stronger negative density dependence. These results demonstrate, in these populations, the relative importance of environmental conditions and life histories in explaining population dynamics, which is rarely possible for multiple populations of the same species. Furthermore, they suggest that local habitat variables are important for the assessment of population status, especially when multiple populations with different dynamics are managed as aggregates.

Springs ecosystems: vulnerable ecological islands where environmental conditions, life history traits, and human disturbance facilitate non-native plant invasions

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2963-2981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayleigh G. Nielson ◽  
Karen M. Gill ◽  
Abraham E. Springer ◽  
Jeri D. Ledbetter ◽  
Lawrence E. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Native Plant

scholarly journals Age-dependent effects of moderate differences in environmental predictability forecasted by climate change, experimental evidence from a short-lived lizard (Zootoca vivipara)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Masó ◽  
J. Kaufmann ◽  
H. Clavero ◽  
P. S. Fitze
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Environmental Predictability ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
Age Dependent

Abstract Whether and how differences in environmental predictability affect life-history traits is controversial and may depend on mean environmental conditions. Solid evidence for effects of environmental predictability are lacking and thus, the consequences of the currently observed and forecasted climate-change induced reduction of precipitation predictability are largely unknown. Here we experimentally tested whether and how changes in the predictability of precipitation affect growth, reproduction, and survival of common lizard Zootoca vivipara. Precipitation predictability affected all three age classes. While adults were able to compensate the treatment effects, yearlings and juvenile females were not able to compensate negative effects of less predictable precipitation on growth and body condition, respectively. Differences among the age-classes’ response reflect differences (among age-classes) in the sensitivity to environmental predictability. Moreover, effects of environmental predictability depended on mean environmental conditions. This indicates that integrating differences in environmental sensitivity, and changes in averages and the predictability of climatic variables will be key to understand whether species are able to cope with the current climatic change.

Divergent patterns of impact of environmental conditions on life history traits in two populations of a long-distance migratory bird

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Balbontín ◽  
Anders P. Møller ◽  
Ignacio G. Hermosell ◽  
Alfonso Marzal ◽  
Maribel Reviriego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Two Populations

scholarly journals How social behaviour and life-history traits change with age and in the year prior to death in female yellow-bellied marmots

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1823) ◽  
pp. 20190745
Author(s):  
Svenja B. Kroeger ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein ◽  
Julien G. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Social Behaviours

Studies in natural populations are essential to understand the evolutionary ecology of senescence and terminal allocation. While there are an increasing number of studies investigating late-life variation in different life-history traits of wild populations, little is known about these patterns in social behaviour. We used long-term individual based data on yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) to quantify how affiliative social behaviours and different life-history traits vary with age and in the last year of life, and how patterns compare between the two. We found that some social behaviours and all life-history traits varied with age, whereas terminal last year of life effects were only observed in life-history traits. Our results imply that affiliative social behaviours do not act as a mechanism to adjust allocation among traits when close to death, and highlight the importance of adopting an integrative approach, studying late-life variation and senescence across multiple different traits, to allow the identification of potential trade-offs.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’

scholarly journals Successional Categorization of European Hemi-boreal Forest Tree Species

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Raimundas Petrokas ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas ◽  
Michael Manton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Successional Development

Developing forest harvesting regimes that mimic natural forest dynamics requires knowledge on typical species behaviors and how they respond to environmental conditions. Species regeneration and survival after disturbance depends on a species’ life history traits. Therefore, forest succession determines the extent to which forest communities are able to cope with environmental change. The aim of this review was to (i) review the life history dynamics of hemi-boreal tree species in the context of ecological succession, and (ii) categorize each of these tree species into one of four successional development groups (gap colonizers, gap competitors, forest colonizers, or forest competitors). To do this we embraced the super-organism approach to plant communities using their life history dynamics and traits. Our review touches on the importance and vulnerability of these four types of successional groups, their absence and presence in the community, and how they can be used as a core component to evaluate if the development of the community is progressing towards the restoration of the climatic climax. Applying a theoretical framework to generate ideas, we suggest that forests should be managed to maintain environmental conditions that support the natural variety and sequence of tree species’ life histories by promoting genetic invariance and to help secure ecosystem resilience for the future. This could be achieved by employing harvesting methods that emulate natural disturbances and regeneration programs that contribute to maintenance of the four successional groups.

Life history traits of the pseudometallophyte Thlaspi caerulescens in natural populations from Northern Europe

Plant Biology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dechamps ◽  
N. Elvinger ◽  
P. Meerts ◽  
C. Lefèbvre ◽  
J. Escarré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Thlaspi Caerulescens ◽  
Northern Europe

scholarly journals Repeatable aversion across threat types is linked with life-history traits but is dependent on how aversion is measured

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 172218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle L. Davidson ◽  
Michael S. Reichert ◽  
Jodie M. S. Crane ◽  
William O'Shea ◽  
John L. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Risk Avoidance ◽  
Personality Research

Personality research suggests that individual differences in risk aversion may be explained by links with life-history variation. However, few empirical studies examine whether repeatable differences in risk avoidance behaviour covary with life-history traits among individuals in natural populations, or how these links vary depending on the context and the way risk aversion is measured. We measured two different risk avoidance behaviours (latency to enter the nest and inspection time) in wild great tits ( Parus major ) in two different contexts—response to a novel object and to a predator cue placed at the nest-box during incubation---and related these behaviours to female reproductive success and condition. Females responded equally strongly to both stimuli, and although both behaviours were repeatable, they did not correlate. Latency to enter was negatively related to body condition and the number of offspring fledged. By contrast, inspection time was directly explained by whether incubating females had been flushed from the nest before the trial began. Thus, our inferences on the relationship between risk aversion and fitness depend on how risk aversion was measured. Our results highlight the limitations of drawing conclusions about the relevance of single measures of a personality trait such as risk aversion.

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