scholarly journals The genetic architecture of the network underlying flowering time variation in Arabidopsis thaliana

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Sasaki ◽  
Florian Frommlet ◽  
Magnus Nordborg
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Flowering Locus

ABSTRACTFlowering time is a key adaptive trait in plants and is tightly controlled by a complex regulatory network that responds to seasonal signals. In a rapidly changing climate, understanding the genetic basis of flowering time variation is important for both agriculture and ecology. Genetic mapping has revealed many genetic variants affecting flowering time, but the effects on the gene regulatory networks in population-scale are still largely unknown. We dissected flowering time networks using multi-layered Swedish population data from Arabidopsis thaliana, consisting of flowering time and transcriptome collected under constant 10°C growth temperature in addition to full genome sequence data. Our analysis identified multiple alleles of the key flowering time gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) as the primary determinant of the network underlying flowering time variation under our condition. Genetic variation of FLC affects multiple-pathways through known flowering-time genes including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1). We demonstrated that an extremely simple single-locus model of FLC involving allelic variation and expression explains almost a half of flowering time variation, with 60% of the effect being mediated through FLC expression. Furthermore, the accuracy of the model fitted at 10°C is almost unchanged at 16°C.

scholarly journals Initial embedding of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 in the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering time regulatory pathway

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A M Paffendorf ◽  
Rawan Qassrawi ◽  
Andrea M Meys ◽  
Laura Trimborn ◽  
Andrea Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Regulatory Pathway ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Transparent Testa ◽  
Flowering Locus

Pleiotropic regulatory factors mediate concerted responses of the plant’s trait network to endogenous and exogenous cues. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) is a pleiotropic regulator that has been predominantly described in its role as a regulator of early accessible developmental traits. Although its closest homologs LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) and LWD2 are regulators of photoperiodic flowering, a role of TTG1 in flowering time regulation has not been reported. Here we reveal that TTG1 is a regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana and changes transcription levels of different targets within the flowering time regulatory pathway. TTG1 mutants flower early and TTG1 overexpression lines flower late at long-day conditions. Consistently, TTG1 can suppress the transcript levels of the floral integrators FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 and can act as an activator of circadian clock components. Moreover, TTG1 might form feedback loops at the protein level. The TTG1 protein interacts with PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR)s and basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 92 (bHLH92) in yeast. In planta, the respective pairs exhibit interesting patterns of localization including a recruitment of TTG1 by PRR5 to subnuclear foci. This mechanism proposes additional layers of regulation by TTG1 and might aid to specify the function of bHLH92. Within another branch of the pathway, TTG1 can elevate FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcript levels. FLC mediates signals from the vernalization, ambient temperature and autonomous pathway and the circadian clock is pivotal for the plant to synchronize with diurnal cycles of environmental stimuli like light and temperature. Our results suggest an unexpected positioning of TTG1 upstream of FLC and upstream of the circadian clock. In this light, this points to an adaptive value of the role of TTG1 in respect to flowering time regulation.

scholarly journals Accession-specific flowering time variation in response to nitrate fluctuation in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei-Hong Yan ◽  
Li-Ping Zhang ◽  
Fang Cheng ◽  
Dong-Mei Yu ◽  
Jin-Yong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Time Variation

scholarly journals TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 participates in flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A.M. Paffendorf ◽  
Rawan Qassrawi ◽  
Andrea M. Meys ◽  
Laura Trimborn ◽  
Andrea Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Autonomous Pathway ◽  
Transparent Testa ◽  
Flowering Locus

Pleiotropic regulatory factors mediate concerted responses of the plant’s trait network to endogenous and exogenous cues. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) is such a factor that has been predominantly described as a regulator of early developmental traits. Although its closest homologs LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) and LWD2 affect photoperiodic flowering, a role of TTG1 in flowering time regulation has not been reported. Here we reveal that TTG1 is a regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana and changes transcript levels of different targets within the flowering time regulatory pathway. TTG1 mutants flower early and TTG1 overexpression lines flower late at long-day conditions. Consistently, TTG1 can suppress the transcript levels of the floral integrators FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 and can act as an activator of circadian clock components. Moreover, TTG1 might form feedback loops at the protein level. The TTG1 protein interacts with PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR)s and basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 92 (bHLH92) in yeast. In planta, the respective pairs exhibit interesting patterns of localization including a recruitment of TTG1 by PRR5 to subnuclear foci. This mechanism proposes additional layers of regulation by TTG1 and might aid to specify the function of bHLH92. Within another branch of the pathway, TTG1 can elevate FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcript levels. FLC mediates signals from the vernalization, ambient temperature and autonomous pathway and the circadian clock is pivotal for the plant to synchronize with diurnal cycles of environmental stimuli like light and temperature. Our results suggest an unexpected positioning of TTG1 upstream of FLC and upstream of the circadian clock. In this light, this points to an adaptive value of the role of TTG1 in respect to flowering time regulation.

scholarly journals Large-effect flowering time mutations reveal conditionally adaptive paths through fitness landscapes in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (36) ◽  
pp. 17890-17899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Taylor ◽  
Amity M. Wilczek ◽  
Judith L. Roe ◽  
Stephen M. Welch ◽  
Daniel E. Runcie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fitness Landscapes ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Multiple Phenotypes ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Contrary to previous assumptions that most mutations are deleterious, there is increasing evidence for persistence of large-effect mutations in natural populations. A possible explanation for these observations is that mutant phenotypes and fitness may depend upon the specific environmental conditions to which a mutant is exposed. Here, we tested this hypothesis by growing large-effect flowering time mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana in multiple field sites and seasons to quantify their fitness effects in realistic natural conditions. By constructing environment-specific fitness landscapes based on flowering time and branching architecture, we observed that a subset of mutations increased fitness, but only in specific environments. These mutations increased fitness via different paths: through shifting flowering time, branching, or both. Branching was under stronger selection, but flowering time was more genetically variable, pointing to the importance of indirect selection on mutations through their pleiotropic effects on multiple phenotypes. Finally, mutations in hub genes with greater connectedness in their regulatory networks had greater effects on both phenotypes and fitness. Together, these findings indicate that large-effect mutations may persist in populations because they influence traits that are adaptive only under specific environmental conditions. Understanding their evolutionary dynamics therefore requires measuring their effects in multiple natural environments.

scholarly journals Genetic Architecture of Flowering-Time Variation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice A. Salomé ◽  
Kirsten Bomblies ◽  
Roosa A. E. Laitinen ◽  
Levi Yant ◽  
Richard Mott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Genetic Architecture

scholarly journals Allelic Variation in the Perennial Ryegrass FLOWERING LOCUS T Gene Is Associated with Changes in Flowering Time across a Range of Populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 1013-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Skøt ◽  
Ruth Sanderson ◽  
Ann Thomas ◽  
Kirsten Skøt ◽  
Danny Thorogood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Flowering Locus
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document