scholarly journals Otolith microchemistry identifies diadromous populations of Patagonian river fishes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Alò ◽  
Cristián Correa ◽  
Horacio Samaniego ◽  
Corey A. Krabbenhoft ◽  
Thomas F. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Recursive Partitioning ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
University Of New Mexico ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
The Government

Compliance with Ethical StandardsOtolith analysis was funded by a RAC grant from the University of New Mexico, USA. The Government of Chile supported the drafting of this document with a CONICYT Doctoral Fellowship to D. Alò in 2015 and to C. Correa through grants CONICYT-PAI N°82130009, and FONDECYT-Iniciación en la Investigación N°11150990.All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. Specimens were collected under permits No. 3587, 29 December 2006, and No. 2886, 4 November 2008 (amendment No. 602, 12 February 2009) granted by the Chilean Subsecretary of Fishing to C. Correa. The McGill University Animal Care Committee (UACC), Animal Use Protocol No. 5291, approved use and handling of animals.AbstractCoastal habitats in Chile are hypothesized to support a number of diadromous fishes. The objective of this study was to document migratory life histories of native galaxiids and introduced salmonids from a wide latitudinal range in Chilean Patagonia (39-48°S). Otolith microchemistry data were analysed using a recursive partitioning approach to test for diadromy. Based on annular analysis of Sr:Ca ratios, a diadromous life history was detected for populations of native Aplochiton taeniatus, A. marinus, and Galaxias maculatus. Lifetime residency in freshwater was suggested for populations of A. zebra and G. platei. Among introduced salmonids, populations of Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and O. kisutch exhibited anadromous migratory patterns, whereas the population of O. mykiss screened appeared restricted to freshwater. Salmo trutta exhibited variable habitat use consistent with establishment of an ocean-type life history in some populations. The capacity and geographic scope of hydropower development is increasing and may disrupt migratory routes of diadromous fishes. Identification of diadromous species is a critical first step for preventing their loss due to hydropower development.

scholarly journals Otolith microchemistry and diadromy in Patagonian river fishes

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Alò ◽  
Cristian Correa ◽  
Horacio Samaniego ◽  
Corey A. Krabbenhoft ◽  
Thomas F. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Recursive Partitioning ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Chilean Patagonia ◽  
Sr:Ca Ratios ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Latitudinal Range

Coastal habitats in Chile are hypothesized to support a number of diadromous fish species. The objective of this study was to document migratory life histories of native galaxiids and introduced salmonids from a wide latitudinal range in Chilean Patagonia (39–48°S). Otolith microchemistry data were analysed using a recursive partitioning approach to test for diadromy. Based on annular analysis of Sr:Ca ratios, a diadromous life history was suggested for populations of native Aplochiton taeniatus, A. marinus, and Galaxias maculatus. Lifetime residency in freshwater was suggested for populations of A. zebra and G. platei. Among introduced salmonids, populations of Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and O. kisutch exhibited patterns consistent with anadromy, whereas the screened population of O. mykiss appeared restricted to freshwater. Salmo trutta exhibited variable patterns suggesting freshwater residency and possibly anadromy in one case. The capacity and geographic scope of hydropower development is increasing and may disrupt migratory routes of diadromous fishes. Identification of diadromous species is a critical first step for preventing their loss due to hydropower development.

scholarly journals Juvenile life-history diversity and population stability of spring Chinook salmon in the Willamette River basin, Oregon

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kirk Schroeder ◽  
Luke D. Whitman ◽  
Brian Cannon ◽  
Paul Olmsted
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
Willamette River ◽  
June July ◽  
Willamette River Basin

Migratory and rearing pathways of juvenile spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were documented in the Willamette River basin to identify life histories and estimate their contribution to smolt production and population stability. We identified six primary life histories that included two phenotypes for early migratory tactics: fry that migrated up to 140–200 km shortly after emergence (movers) and fish that reared for 8–16 months in natal areas (stayers). Peak emigration of juvenile salmon from the Willamette River was in June–July (subyearling smolts), March–May (yearling smolts), and November–December (considered as “autumn smolts”). Alternative migratory behaviors of juvenile salmon were associated with extensive use of diverse habitats that eventually encompassed up to 400 rkm of the basin, including tributaries in natal areas and large rivers. Juvenile salmon that reared in natal reaches and migrated as yearlings were the most prevalent life history and had the lowest temporal variability. However, the total productivity of the basin was increased by the contribution of fish with dispersive life histories, which represented over 50% of the total smolt production. Life-history diversity reduced the variability in the total smolt population by 35% over the weighted mean of individual life histories, providing evidence of a considerable portfolio effect through the asynchronous contributions of life histories. Protecting and restoring a diverse suite of connected habitats in the Willamette River basin will promote the development and expression of juvenile life histories, thereby providing stability and resilience to native salmon populations.

Beaver impact on stream fish life histories: the role of landscape and local attributes

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1603-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Bylak ◽  
Krzysztof Kukuła ◽  
Józef Mitka
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Stream Fish ◽  
Beaver Ponds ◽  
Eurasian Beaver ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Cottus Poecilopus ◽  
Stream Fish Assemblages

The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) has been reintroduced into the Carpathian Mountains and has once again become an important factor for modifying streams. Forty-three sampling sites were compared with 10 reference sites in streams not settled by beavers. Models related to the impacts of beavers on various fish life history stages and a model presenting attributes influencing the ichthyofauna structure in streams with and without beavers were generated. Significant differences in the fish species composition were found between beaver ponds versus the running sections of streams. The changes associated with pond aging caused decrease of Siberian bullhead (Cottus poecilopus) density. For brown trout (Salmo trutta), beaver ponds were the only location where large individuals were found, while the upstream parts of the beaver complexes provided spawning habitat and an area for fry growth. Common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) and stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) had higher density in ponds than in streams. The decisive factors for the ichthyofauna in the mountain streams settled by beavers were local attributes related to beaver activity. Our results illustrate interactions among beaver, landscape context, and fish life history in influencing the response of the stream fish assemblages to beaver recolonization. It also helps answer the question of how Eurasian beaver influence stream fish assemblages, at a much larger scale than previous studies.

Life history variation in upper Columbia River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): a comparison using modern and ~500-year-old archaeological otoliths

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Miller ◽  
Virginia L. Butler ◽  
Charles A. Simenstad ◽  
David H. Backus ◽  
Adam J.R. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Archaeological Collections ◽  
Before And After

Conservation planning often occurs only after a species has been extirpated from portions of its historical range and limited information is available on life history diversity prior to development. To provide information on Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) life history before and after local extirpation, we examined the chemical (87Sr:86Sr, Sr:Ca) and structural composition of modern and archaeological otoliths from the upper Columbia River. We compared otoliths from modern spring (yearling migrant, n = 15) and summer–fall (yearling (n = 7) and subyearling (n = 12) migrants) runs with those from extirpated runs (n = 8) to estimate the number of and similarity among natal environments and reconstruct aspects of the migratory history. Presumptive natal sources were most similar between the archaeological collections and the modern summer–fall run. Chinook salmon represented by the archaeological otoliths also displayed life history traits, including size at freshwater emigration and adult size at return to fresh water, most similar to the summer–fall subyearling run. These data indicate that there is the potential to maintain aspects of predevelopment Chinook salmon life histories in the Columbia River, and strategies that promote maintenance of that life history diversity may be warranted.

Experimental evidence simultaneously confirms and contests assumptions implicit to otolith microchemistry research

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Veinott ◽  
Peter A.H. Westley ◽  
Craig F. Purchase ◽  
Lucas Warner
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Chemical Signatures ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Otolith microchemistry has become an integral fisheries tool, yet the utility of this tool hinges on the assumptions that (i) elements are temporally stable once deposited in the otolith and (ii) the influence of maternal effects are temporally limited. Here we test these assumptions by quantifying through time the chemical signatures from two families of brown trout (Salmo trutta), differing in maternal life history (i.e., mothers were either anadromous or nonanadromous). Concentrations of zinc, strontium, and barium were temporally stable in the core signatures between different aged siblings, but significant differences in the elemental concentrations of magnesium and manganese were detected. The Sr concentration (indicative of maternal influence) on the growing surface of otoliths converged briefly between families at 3–5 weeks post-emergence, but never stabilized during the course of the experiment. Taken together, these results both confirm and call into question assumptions implicit to otolith microchemistry research. To the extent that the patterns observed here are representative across species, caution is warranted when using otolith microchemistry to address certain types of ecological questions in nature.

scholarly journals No early gender effects on energetic status and life history in a salmonid

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 150441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Régnier ◽  
Jacques Labonne ◽  
Joëlle Chat ◽  
Ayaka Yano ◽  
Yann Guiguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gender Specific

Throughout an organism's early development, variations in physiology and behaviours may have long lasting consequences on individual life histories. While a large part of variation in critical life-history transitions remains unexplained, a significant proportion may be caused by early gender effects as part of gender-specific life histories shaped by sexual selection. In this study, we investigated the presence of early gender effects on the timing of emergence from gravel and the energetic status of brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) early stages. To investigate this question, individual measures of emergence timing, metabolic rate and energetic content were coupled for the first time with the use of a recent genetic marker for sdY (sexually dimorphic on the Y-chromosome), a master sex-determining gene. Our results show that gender does not influence the energetic content of emerging juveniles or their emergence timing. These findings suggest that gender differences may appear later throughout salmonid life history and that selective pressures associated with the critical period of emergence from gravel may shape early life-history traits similarly in both males and females.

Hormones and Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Maren N. Vitousek ◽  
Laura A. Schoenle
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Behavior

Hormones mediate the expression of life history traits—phenotypic traits that contribute to lifetime fitness (i.e., reproductive timing, growth rate, number and size of offspring). The endocrine system shapes phenotype by organizing tissues during developmental periods and by activating changes in behavior, physiology, and morphology in response to varying physical and social environments. Because hormones can simultaneously regulate many traits (hormonal pleiotropy), they are important mediators of life history trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and survival. This chapter reviews the role of hormones in shaping life histories with an emphasis on developmental plasticity and reversible flexibility in endocrine and life history traits. It also discusses the advantages of studying hormone–behavior interactions from an evolutionary perspective. Recent research in evolutionary endocrinology has provided insight into the heritability of endocrine traits, how selection on hormone systems may influence the evolution of life histories, and the role of hormonal pleiotropy in driving or constraining evolution.

scholarly journals Classical soloists’ life histories and the music conservatoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 025576142199115
Author(s):  
Tim Palmer ◽  
David Baker
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Loss Of Autonomy ◽  
Cultural Interest ◽  
Concert Pianist ◽  
Analytic Induction ◽  
Musical Excellence

This article explores the life histories of virtuoso classical music soloists with particular reference to conservatoire provision. Detailed life-history interviews were conducted with six virtuosi between May 2018 and January 2019. These participants were three singers, two cellists and a concert pianist. Resultant qualitative data were stored in an NVivo software database and understood through a process of analytic induction. Key findings spotlight the significance of Higher Education, a connection between broad creative and cultural interest and musical excellence, and a significant role for conservatoires in diversifying their training and easing transition into the career. The soloists also warned of dangers relating to controlling teachers, loss of autonomy and a need to convey their career realities to students.

Inadvertent Exemplars: Life History Portraits of Two Socially Just Principals

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Life History ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Public Elementary Schools ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Native English Speaking

This study creates life history portraits of two White middle-class native-English-speaking principals demonstrating commitments to social justice in their work in public elementary schools serving disproportionately high populations of students who are marginalized by poverty, race, and linguistic heritage. Through self-reported life histories of these principals, I create portraits that illustrate how these practitioners draw motivation, commitment, and sustenance in varied, complicated, and at times contradictory ways.

An examination of the PCB: lipid relationship among individual fish

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038
Author(s):  
C A Stow ◽  
L J Jackson ◽  
J F Amrhein
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Relationship

We examined data from 1984 to 1994 for five species of Lake Michigan salmonids to explore the relationship between total PCB concentration and percent lipid. When we compared mean species lipid and PCB values, we found a strong linear correlation. When we compared values among individuals, we found modest positive PCB:lipid associations in brown trout (Salmo trutta), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected during spawning, but positive associations were not apparent among nonspawning individuals. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) exhibited no discernible PCB:lipid relationship. Our results are not incompatible with previous observations that contaminants are differentially partitioned into lipids within a fish, but these results do suggest that lipids are not a major factor influencing contaminant uptake.

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