scholarly journals Insects and incest: sib-mating tolerance in natural populations of a parasitoid wasp

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Collet ◽  
Isabelle Amat ◽  
Sandrine Sauzet ◽  
Alexandra Auguste ◽  
Xavier Fauvergue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Kin Discrimination ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Venturia Canescens ◽  
Sib Mating

This preprint has been reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Evolutionary Biology (http://dx.doi.org/10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100047) 1. Sib-mating avoidance is a pervasive behaviour that likely evolves in species subject to inbreeding depression. Laboratory studies have provided elegant demonstrations of sib-mating avoidance, but small-scale bioassays often minimize the costs associated with mate finding and choice, which could lead to spurious findings. 2. We used the hymenopteran parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens as a model organism, because previous laboratory studies revealed that sib-mating led to a 25% decrease in fertile offspring, and that sib-mating was partially avoided. 3. Our study consisted of a mate choice experiment in laboratory cages to determine if kin discrimination occurs in this species. We further performed a field study in which 86 wild-caught males, 155 wild-caught females and their 226 daughters were genotyped at eighteen microsatellite loci. With these data, we reconstructed the genotype of each female ′s mate and estimated the relatedness of each mating pair. 4. Mate choice experiments confirmed that females are capable of discriminating kin. Time to mating depended on the frequency of female encounters with related and unrelated males. Contrary to previously published results, however, no sib-mating avoidance was detected. In the field, the effective rate of sib-mating did not differ from the probability that sibs encounter one other at random, which corroborates the absence of sib-mating avoidance. We also detected a weak but significant male bias in dispersal, which could reduce encounters between sibs. 5. Our results suggest that, despite kin discrimination, V. canescens tolerates sib-mating in the field. The weak male-biased dispersal cannot explain entirely this pattern. This raises the question as to why kin discrimination is maintained in this species. It further calls into question the idea that inbreeding depression occurs in most species with single-locus complementary sex determination.

scholarly journals Long-term exhaustion of the inbreeding load in Drosophila melanogaster

Heredity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Pérez-Pereira ◽  
Ramón Pouso ◽  
Ana Rus ◽  
Ana Vilas ◽  
Eugenio López-Cortegano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Great Relevance

AbstractInbreeding depression, the decline in fitness of inbred individuals, is a ubiquitous phenomenon of great relevance in evolutionary biology and in the fields of animal and plant breeding and conservation. Inbreeding depression is due to the expression of recessive deleterious alleles that are concealed in heterozygous state in noninbred individuals, the so-called inbreeding load. Genetic purging reduces inbreeding depression by removing these alleles when expressed in homozygosis due to inbreeding. It is generally thought that fast inbreeding (such as that generated by full-sib mating lines) removes only highly deleterious recessive alleles, while slow inbreeding can also remove mildly deleterious ones. However, a question remains regarding which proportion of the inbreeding load can be removed by purging under slow inbreeding in moderately large populations. We report results of two long-term slow inbreeding Drosophila experiments (125–234 generations), each using a large population and a number of derived lines with effective sizes about 1000 and 50, respectively. The inbreeding load was virtually exhausted after more than one hundred generations in large populations and between a few tens and over one hundred generations in the lines. This result is not expected from genetic drift alone, and is in agreement with the theoretical purging predictions. Computer simulations suggest that these results are consistent with a model of relatively few deleterious mutations of large homozygous effects and partially recessive gene action.

Synergy in information use for mate finding: demonstration in a parasitoid wasp

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Metzger ◽  
Deborah Fischbein ◽  
Alexandra Auguste ◽  
Xavier Fauvergue ◽  
Carlos Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Use ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Mate Finding

scholarly journals Wolbachia promote successful sex with siblings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynab Bagheri ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi ◽  
Sassan Asgari ◽  
Mohammad Mehrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Inbreeding Avoidance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Habrobracon Hebetor ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Sib Mating

AbstractWolbachia are intracellular α-proteobacteria that have a wide distribution among various arthropods and nematodes. They affect the host reproduction favoring their maternal transmission, which sets up a potential conflict in inbreeding situations when the host avoids sexual reproduction preventing inbreeding depression, while Wolbachia pushes it. In this study, we used the wasp Habrobracon hebetor to test the hypothesis that Wolbachia modulate inbreeding avoidance behaviour and promote sib mating. To test this, we first cured wasps of Wolbachia using tetracycline treatment and produced infected and uninfected isolines. Then, we paired the uninfected and infected females with sibling (inbred) and non-sibling (outbred) males in choice and non-choice experiments. Our results showed no obvious precopulatory inbreeding avoidance in this wasp as brother-sister mating rates (in both choice and nonchoice experiments) were not significantly different form non-sibling pairs, regardless of Wolbachia infection. However, our results indicated that H. hebetor shows a strong postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance behaviour that results in a low fertilization rate of uninfected siblings and therefore high rate of production of male progeny was obtained. We observed higher rates of fertilization success in the Wolbachia-infected lines that resulted in significantly higher female progeny production compared to the uninfected sib mates. Since diploid females are the result of successful fertilization due to haplodiploidy sex determination system in this insect, our results indicate that Wolbachia promoted fertile sib mating in H. hebetor. Interestingly, the rate of adult emergence in the progeny of Wolbachia-infected sib mates were almost similar to the non-sib mate crosses and significantly more than those observed in the uninfected sib mate crosses. We support the idea that Wolbachia modulate inbreeding avoidance and promote sib mating and also mitigate inbreeding depression. The wasp Habrobracon hebetor siblings infected with Wolbachia show higher rates of fertilization success and higher adult emergence rates compared to the uninfected sib mates. By promoting successful sex with siblings and increasing the probability of female progeny, Wolbachia enhance their transmission to the next generation and also mitigate inbreeding depression. This is an undescribed effect of Wolbachia (symbiont) on the host reproduction.

scholarly journals Mate finding via a trail sex pheromone by a parasitoid wasp.

1995 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 900-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Fauvergue ◽  
K. R. Hopper ◽  
M. F. Antolin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Mate Finding

Navigation in an odorant-landscape: mate finding and mate choice in a nocturnal moth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiftach Golov ◽  
Alexander Liberzon ◽  
Roi Gurka ◽  
Victoria Soroker ◽  
Russell Jurenka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Mate Finding

Combining predictions of sex ratio and mate choice models: pheromone-mediated mate choice by females in a parasitoid wasp

Behaviour ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (11) ◽  
pp. 1127-1149
Author(s):  
T.N. Wittman ◽  
B.H. King
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Local Mate ◽  
Indirect Fitness ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Male Signals

Abstract In haplodiploid species, daughter production, but not son production, is sexual, requiring paternal contributions. Females may use male signals to choose a mate with better daughter-production potential, if the choice facilitates her production of adaptive sex ratios, e.g., female-biased sex ratios in systems operating under local mate competition (LMC). In the parasitoid wasp Urolepis rufipes, females preferred pheromone markings from males that had mated once versus multiply, were young rather than old, and were uninfected rather than infected when infection was low, but not when infection was high. Mates of singly-mated males had more female-biased offspring sex ratios than those of multiply-mated males, whereas there was no difference for mates of young versus old males. Thus, female preference for singly-mated males appears to provide indirect fitness benefits. A preference for young males, was not beneficial in the laboratory, but in nature young males may have mated less.

scholarly journals The effects of inbreeding on the components of litter size in mice

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
Size At Birth

Twenty-four lines were bred from a base population of outbred Q mice by continued full-sib mating. Inbreeding depression in litter size at birth was observed. This decline in litter size was analysed in terms of ovulation rate, the incidence of preimplantation mortality and the incidence of postimplantation mortality. Pregnant females were dissected at 17½ days' gestation and the numbers of corpora lutea, or eggs, and of live and dead embryos were counted. Matings were arranged so that separate estimates of the effects of inbreeding in the mother and in the litter on the components of litter size could be obtained.In the first generation of inbreeding when the inbreeding coefficient of the litter was raised from 0 to 25% decline in litter size was attributable to an increased incidence of preimplantation mortality.In the second and fourth generations decline in litter size was attributable to (1) a reduction in the number of eggs ovulated by the inbred mothers, (2) an increased incidence of preimplantation mortality which resulted from inbreeding in the mother. No evidence of significant effects on mortality of inbreeding in the litter was obtained in the later generation of inbreeding.These findings are discussed in the context of previous work on the effects of inbreeding and crossing on litter size and its components in mice and pigs.

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