scholarly journals RiceTSV3Encoding Obg-like GTPase Protein is Essential for Chloroplast Development during the Early Leaf Stage under Cold Stress

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzhi Lin ◽  
Quan Jiang ◽  
Xiaojing Ma ◽  
Kailun Zheng ◽  
Xiaodi Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Complementation Test ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Gtp Binding ◽  
Normal Green ◽  
Virescent Mutant ◽  
Higher Temperature

ABSTRACTThe Spo0B-associated GTP-binding (Obg) proteins occupy a wide variety of roles in the viability of nearly all bacteria. Its detailed roles in higher plants have not yet been elucidated. A novel rice thermo-sensitive virescent mutanttsv3was identified in this study that displayed albino phenotype at 20°C before the 3-leaf stage while being normal green at 32°C or even at 20°C after the 4-leaf stage. The mutant phenotype was aligned with altered chlorophyll (Chl) content and chloroplast development. Map-based cloning and complementation test showed thatTSV3encoded a kind of small GTP binding protein. Subcellular localization revealed that TSV3 was in chloroplast.TSV3transcripts were highly expressed in leaves and weak or undetectable in other tissues, suggesting the tissue-specific expression. Intsv3mutant, the transcriptional levels of certain genes associated with biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes 50S subunit were severely decreased at the 3-leaf-stage under cold stress, but could be recovered to normal levels at a higher temperature (32°C). The observations from this study indicated that the rice nuclear-encodedTSV3plays important roles in chloroplast development at early leaf stage under cold stress.

scholarly journals Rice TSV2 Encoding Threonyl-tRNA Synthetase is Needed for Early Chloroplast Development and Seedling Growth under Cold Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzhi Lin ◽  
Wenhao Zhou ◽  
Yulu Wang ◽  
Jia Sun ◽  
Xiaobiao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Virescent Mutant ◽  
Albino Phenotype

Abstract Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS), one of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs), plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. However, the AARS functions on rice chloroplast development and growth were not fully appraised. In this study, a thermo-sensitive virescent mutant tsv2, which showed albino phenotype and lethal after the 4-leaf stage at 20 °C but recovered to normal when the temperatures rose, was identified and characterized. Map-based cloning and complementation tests showed that TSV2 encoded a chloroplast-located ThrRS protein in rice. The Lys-to-Arg mutation in the anticodon-binding domain hampered chloroplast development under cold stress, while the loss-of-function of the ThrRS core domain in TSV2 fatally led to seedling death regardless of growing temperatures. In addition, TSV2 had a specific expression in early leaves. Its disruption obviously resulted in down-regulation of certain genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development at cold conditions. Our observations revealed that rice nuclear-encoded TSV2 plays an important role in chloroplast development at the early leaf stage under cold stress.

Rice TSV2 Encoding Threonyl-tRNA Synthetase is Needed for Early Chloroplast Development and Seedling Growth under Cold Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzhi Lin ◽  
Wenhao Zhou ◽  
Jia Sun ◽  
Yulu Wang ◽  
Xiaobiao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
Virescent Mutant ◽  
Albino Phenotype

Abstract Background The chloroplast is a vital photosynthetic organelle for plant growth and development. However, the genetic factors involved in chloroplast development and its relationship with environment factors are largely unknown. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS), one of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs), plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. To date, there are few studies for AARS function on chloroplast development and plant growth, much less ThrRS in rice. Result In this paper, we characterized a thermo-sensitive virescent mutant tsv2, which showed albino phenotype and could not survive after the 4-leaf stage when grown at 20 °C, but recovered the normal phenotype when the temperature rose. Map-based cloning and complementation tests showed that TSV2 encoded a chloroplast-located ThrRS protein in rice and the Lys-to-Arg mutation in the anticodon-binding domain affected chloroplast development under cold stress. Furthermore, the loss-of-function of the core domain in TSV2 led to seedling death regardless of temperatures. In addition, TSV2 had a tissue-specific expression, and its disruption resulted in an evidently down-regulation of certain genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development at cold stress. Conclusion The TSV2 encodes a rice threonyl-tRNA synthetase, located in chloroplasts, which is essential for cold-responsive regulation for chloroplast development and plant growth and closely related to the assembly of chloroplast ribosomes and functions at the first step of chloroplast differentiation.

scholarly journals Rice TSV3 Encoding Obg-Like GTPase Protein Is Essential for Chloroplast Development During the Early Leaf Stage Under Cold Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzhi Lin ◽  
Quan Jiang ◽  
Xiaojing Ma ◽  
Kailun Zheng ◽  
Xiaodi Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Leaf Stage

EMB2738, which encodes a putative plastid-targeted GTP-binding protein, is essential for embryogenesis and chloroplast development in higher plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Shan Ye ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Hui Pan ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Zhong-Nan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Gtp Binding Protein ◽  
Gtp Binding

A DEAD-box RNA helicase TCD33 that confers chloroplast development in rice at seedling stage under cold stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 153138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Xiaomei ◽  
Kong Rongrong ◽  
Zhang Ting ◽  
Gao Yuanyuan ◽  
Xu Jianlong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Rna Helicase ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Dead Box

scholarly journals Plastid-Localized EMB2726 Is Involved in Chloroplast Biogenesis and Early Embryo Development in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanling Li ◽  
Jian-Xiu Shang ◽  
Chenlei Qiu ◽  
Baowen Zhang ◽  
Jinxue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Dna Insertion

Embryogenesis is a critical developmental process that establishes the body organization of higher plants. During this process, the biogenesis of chloroplasts from proplastids is essential. A failure in chloroplast development during embryogenesis can cause morphologically abnormal embryos or embryonic lethality. In this study, we isolated a T-DNA insertion mutant of the Arabidopsis gene EMBRYO DEFECTIVE 2726 (EMB2726). Heterozygous emb2726 seedlings produced about 25% albino seeds with embryos that displayed defects at the 32-cell stage and that arrested development at the late globular stage. EMB2726 protein was localized in chloroplasts and was expressed at all stages of development, such as embryogenesis. Moreover, the two translation elongation factor Ts domains within the protein were critical for its function. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cells in emb2726 embryos contained undifferentiated proplastids and that the expression of plastid genome-encoded photosynthesis-related genes was dramatically reduced. Expression studies of DR5:GFP, pDRN:DRN-GFP, and pPIN1:PIN1-GFP reporter lines indicated normal auxin biosynthesis but altered polar auxin transport. The expression of pSHR:SHR-GFP and pSCR:SCR-GFP confirmed that procambium and ground tissue precursors were lacking in emb2726 embryos. The results suggest that EMB2726 plays a critical role during Arabidopsis embryogenesis by affecting chloroplast development, possibly by affecting the translation process in plastids.

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