scholarly journals Combined social and spatial coding in a descending projection from the prefrontal cortex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Murugan ◽  
M. Park ◽  
J. Taliaferro ◽  
H.J. Jang ◽  
J. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Social Investigation ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Socially Motivated ◽  
Spatial Locations

Social interactions are crucial to the survival and well-being of all mammals, including humans. Although the prelimbic cortex (PL, part of medial prefrontal cortex) has been implicated in social behavior, it is not clear which neurons are relevant, nor how they contribute. We found that the PL contains anatomically and molecularly distinct subpopulations of neurons that target 3 downstream regions that have been implicated in social behavior: the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the amygdala, and the ventral tegmental area. Activation of NAc-projecting PL neurons (PL-NAc), but not the other subpopulations, decreased preference for a social target, suggesting an unique contribution of this population to social behavior. To determine what information PL-NAc neurons convey, we recorded selectively from them, and found that individual neurons were active during social investigation, but only in specific spatial locations. Spatially-specific inhibition of these neurons prevented the formation of a social-spatial association at the inhibited location. In contrast, spatially nonspecific inhibition did not affect social behavior. Thus, the unexpected combination of social and spatial information within the PL-NAc population appears to support socially motivated behavior by enabling the formation of social-spatial associations.

scholarly journals The generalized spatial representation in the prefrontal cortex is inherited from the hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Nardin ◽  
Karola Kaefer ◽  
Jozsef Csicsvari
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Spatial Decision Making ◽  
The Individual

Hippocampal and neocortical neural activity is modulated by the position of the individual in space. While hippocampal neurons provide the basis for a spatial map, prefrontal cortical neurons generalize over environmental features. Whether these generalized representations result from a bidirectional interaction with, or are mainly derived from hippocampal spatial representations is not known. By examining simultaneously recorded hippocampal and medial prefrontal neurons, we observed that prefrontal spatial representations show a delayed coherence with hippocampal ones. We also identified subpopulations of cells in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex that formed functional cross-area couplings; these resembled the optimal connections predicted by a probabilistic model of spatial information transfer and generalization. Moreover, cross-area couplings were strongest and had the shortest delay preceding spatial decision-making. Our results suggest that generalized spatial coding in the medial prefrontal cortex is inherited from spatial representations in the hippocampus, and that the routing of information can change dynamically with behavioral demands.

The Unique Contribution of Positive Orientation to Optimal Functioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Alessandri ◽  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
John Tisak
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Positive Orientation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Optimal Functioning

Literature documents that the judgments people hold about themselves, their life, and their future are important ingredients of their psychological functioning and well-being, and are commonly related to each other. In this paper, results from a large cross-sectional sample (N = 1,331, 48% males) are presented attesting to the hypothesis that evaluations about oneself, one’s life, and one’s future rest on a common mode of viewing experiences named “Positive Orientation.” These results corroborate the utility of the new construct as a critical component of individuals’ well functioning.

Ibotenic acid induced lesions impair the modulation of dendritic spine plasticity in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, a phenomenon that underlies working memory and social behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 173883
Author(s):  
Néstor I. Martínez-Torres ◽  
Nallely Vázquez-Hernández ◽  
Fabiola L. Martín-Amaya-Barajas ◽  
Mario Flores-Soto ◽  
Ignacio González-Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Dendritic Spine ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Spine Plasticity

Multi-step real-time wind speed prediction based on convolution memory network

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2199826
Author(s):  
Guowei Cai ◽  
Yuqing Yang ◽  
Chao Pan ◽  
Dian Wang ◽  
Fengjiao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Spatial Feature ◽  
Time Prediction

Multi-step real-time prediction based on the spatial correlation of wind speed is a research hotspot for large-scale wind power grid integration, and this paper proposes a multi-location multi-step wind speed combination prediction method based on the spatial correlation of wind speed. The correlation coefficients were determined by gray relational analysis for each turbine in the wind farm. Based on this, timing-control spatial association optimization is used for optimization and scheduling, obtaining spatial information on the typical turbine and its neighborhood information. This spatial information is reconstructed to improve the efficiency of spatial feature extraction. The reconstructed spatio-temporal information is input into a convolutional neural network with memory cells. Spatial feature extraction and multi-step real-time prediction are carried out, avoiding the problem of missing information affecting prediction accuracy. The method is innovative in terms of both efficiency and accuracy, and the prediction accuracy and generalization ability of the proposed method is verified by predicting wind speed and wind power for different wind farms.

The “Best of 2021 List” of Health Promotion Researchers

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110732
Author(s):  
Paul E. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Editorial Team ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Workplace Interventions ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Criteria For Selection

Each year the editorial team of the American Journal of Health Promotion selects our “Best of the Year List” of health promotion studies from the prior year. This editorial features the Editor’s Picks Awards, the Editor in Chief Awards, the Michael P. O’Donnell Award and the Dorothy Nyswander Award for the research and writing published in 2021 in this journal. Our criteria for selection includes: whether the study addresses a topic of timely importance in health promotion, the research question is clearly stated and the methodologies used are well executed; whether the paper is often cited and downloaded; if the study findings offer a unique contribution to the literature; and if the paper is well-written and enjoyable to read. Awardees in 2021 offered new insights into addressing discrimination against race or sexual identity, preferred sources of information about COVID-19 and the impact of community and workplace interventions on healthy lifestyles. This year’s award winning research spans from character to culture relative to improving well-being.

Psychological well-being in childhood: The role of trait emotional intelligence, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, coping and general intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110406
Author(s):  
Marina Pauletto ◽  
Michele Grassi ◽  
Maria Chiara Passolunghi ◽  
Barbara Penolazzi
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Trait Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Given the increase of mental health problems in youth, focusing on the promotion of psychological well-being is essential. Among the variables recognized as linked to children’s psychological well-being, trait emotional intelligence, emotional self-efficacy and coping seem to be crucial, whereas the role played by intelligence is still controversial. In the present study, we explored the combined effects of these variables, aimed at disentangling their unique contribution to psychological well-being of 74 children (41 males, mean age: 9.03 years). We administered verbal and reasoning tests as intelligence measures and self-report questionnaires to assess trait emotional intelligence, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, coping styles, psychological well-being. Correlations revealed two independent clusters of variables: a first cluster including intelligence indexes and a second cluster including psychological well-being, trait emotional intelligence, regulatory emotional self-efficacy and adaptive coping styles. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that only trait emotional intelligence and positive restructuring coping style significantly contributed to psychological well-being. This study highlights that, unlike general intelligence, trait emotional intelligence was associated to psychological well-being, whereas coping styles play a negligible role in explaining this relationship. These findings are valuable in identifying the most relevant factors for children’s adjustment and in enhancing emotion-related aspects in interventions for psychological well-being promotion.

Spatial perspective choice in ASL

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Emmorey ◽  
Barbara Tversky
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
American Sign Language ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Spatial Terms ◽  
Spatial Locations

Two studies investigated the ramifications of encoding spatial locations via signing space for perspective choice in American Sign Language. Deaf signers (“speakers”) described the location of one of two identical objects either to a present addressee or to a remote addressee via a video monitor. Unlike what has been found for English speakers, ASL signers did not adopt their addressee’s spatial perspective when describing locations in a jointly viewed present environment; rather, they produced spatial descriptions utilizing shared space in which classifier and deictic signs were articulated at locations in signing space that schematically mapped to both the speaker’s and addressee’s view of object locations within the (imagined) environment. When the speaker and addressee were not jointly viewing the environment, speakers either adopted their addressee’s perspective via referential shift (i.e. locations in signing space were described as if the speaker were the addressee) or speakers expressed locations from their own perspective by describing locations from their view of a map of the environment and the addressee’s position within that environment. The results highlight crucial distinctions between the nature of perspective choice in signed languages in which signing space is used to convey spatial information and spoken languages in which spatial information is conveyed by lexical spatial terms. English speakers predominantly reduce their addressee’s cognitive load by adopting their addressee’s perspective, whereas in ASL shared space can be used (there is no true addressee or speaker perspective) and in other contexts, reversing speaker perspective is common in ASL and does not increase the addressee’s cognitive load.

scholarly journals To Associate Between Social Adaptive Behavior and Socio Demographic Variables among Children with Chronic Illness

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula. C. Jobson ◽  
Dr. R. Subhashini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Back Ground: Chronic Illness is disorders or diseases that compromise well-being, either temporarily or chronically. These conditions are risk factors for Social behavior problem. Analyzing the prevalence of Social behavior problems of children with chronic illness and identifying related risk factors is of theoretical and practical relevance. It helps to understand psychosocial consequences of chronic diseases and provides valuable information for clinicians regarding who should be screened for what kind of problems. There are various factors that influence the social adaptive behavior of the child with chronic illness. Identification of association of demographic variable shall provide the underlying associated causes for such behavioral problem. Aim and Objective: This study analyses the association of socio-demographic factors and social adaptive behavior problems of pediatrics with chronic illness. Samples and Methods: The study was carried out in 90 pediatric patients in MMM hospital between age group 1 to 6 years. The samples were selected through convenient sampling technique. The Tool used for data collection and assessment of social maturity level is Semi structured questionnaire which include. Section A: Socio demographic profile and Section B: The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) A parent-report questionnaire. Result: The association between the social adaptive behavior problems and demographic variables using chi square test reveals that socio demographic variables such as economic factors and medical condition have significant association with the behavior of the child. Conclusion: The preliminary study concludes the association between the socio demographic factors and behavior. This particularly emphasizes on multidimensional   assessment and treatment.

Impaired Perception of Unintentional Transgression of Social Norms after Prefrontal Cortex Damage: Relationship to Decision Making, Emotion Recognition, and Executive Functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riadh Ouerchefani ◽  
Naoufel Ouerchefani ◽  
Mohamed Riadh Ben Rejeb ◽  
Didier Le Gall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Basic Emotions

Abstract Objective Patients with prefrontal cortex damage often transgress social rules and show lower accuracy in identifying and explaining inappropriate social behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the ability to perceive other unintentional transgressions of social norms and both decision making and emotion recognition as these abilities are critical for appropriate social behavior. Method We examined a group of patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage (N = 28) and a group of matched control participants (N = 28) for their abilities to detect unintentional transgression of social norms using the “Faux-Pas” task of theory of mind, to make advantageous decisions on the Iowa gambling task, and to recognize basic emotions on the Ekman facial affect test. Results The group of patients with frontal lobe damage was impaired in all of these tasks compared with control participants. Moreover, all the “Faux-Pas”, Iowa gambling, and emotion recognition tasks were significantly associated and predicted by executive measures of inhibition, flexibility, or planning. However, only measures from the Iowa gambling task were associated and predicted performance on the “Faux-Pas” task. These tasks were not associated with performance in recognition of basic emotions. These findings suggest that theory of mind, executive functions, and decision-making abilities act in an interdependent way for appropriate social behavior. However, theory of mind and emotion recognition seem to have distinct but additive effects upon social behavior. Results from VLSM analysis also corroborate these data by showing a partially overlapped prefrontal circuitry underlying these cognitive domains.

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