scholarly journals A new genus of horse from Pleistocene North America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Heintzman ◽  
Grant D. Zazula ◽  
Ross D.E. MacPhee ◽  
Eric Scott ◽  
James A. Cahill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene

AbstractThe extinct “New World stilt-legged”, or NWSL, equids constitute a perplexing group of Pleistocene horses endemic to North America. Their slender distal limb bones resemble those of Asiatic asses, such as the Persian onager. Previous palaeogenetic studies, however, have suggested a closer relationship to caballine horses than to Asiatic asses. Here, we report complete mitochondrial and partial nuclear genomes from NWSL equids from across their geographic range. Although multiple NWSL equid species have been named, our palaeogenomic and morphometric analyses support the idea that there was only a single species of middle to late Pleistocene NWSL equid, and demonstrate that it falls outside of crown group Equus. We therefore propose a new genus, Haringtonhippus, for the sole species H. francisci. Our combined genomic and phenomic approach to resolving the systematics of extinct megafauna will allow for an improved understanding of the full extent of the terminal Pleistocene extinction event.

scholarly journals A new genus of horse from Pleistocene North America

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D Heintzman ◽  
Grant D Zazula ◽  
Ross DE MacPhee ◽  
Eric Scott ◽  
James A Cahill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene

The extinct ‘New World stilt-legged’, or NWSL, equids constitute a perplexing group of Pleistocene horses endemic to North America. Their slender distal limb bones resemble those of Asiatic asses, such as the Persian onager. Previous palaeogenetic studies, however, have suggested a closer relationship to caballine horses than to Asiatic asses. Here, we report complete mitochondrial and partial nuclear genomes from NWSL equids from across their geographic range. Although multiple NWSL equid species have been named, our palaeogenomic and morphometric analyses support the idea that there was only a single species of middle to late Pleistocene NWSL equid, and demonstrate that it falls outside of crown group Equus. We therefore propose a new genus, Haringtonhippus, for the sole species H. francisci. Our combined genomic and phenomic approach to resolving the systematics of extinct megafauna will allow for an improved understanding of the full extent of the terminal Pleistocene extinction event.

Eoplicoplasia, a new genus of Silurian–Lower Devonian ambocoeliid brachiopods

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Johnson ◽  
A. C. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Geographic Range

The genus Plicoplasia Boucot, 1959 (type species P. cooperi Boucot, 1959), embraces certain Lower Devonian brachiopods of the subfamily Ambocoeliinae, family Ambocoeliidae. The geographic range of Plicoplasia includes North America (Eastern Americas Realm) and South America and South Africa (Malvinokaffric Realm).

An Early Condor-Like Vulture from North America

The Auk ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Emslie
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
North America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New World ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Large Body ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Large Body Size ◽  
Near Extinction

Abstract A new genus and species of condor-like vulture (Ciconiiformes: Vulturidae) is described from the middle Miocene (Barstovian) of North America and is the earliest condor now known in the New World. The fossil record at present indicates that the Vulturidae originated in the Old World, but diversified in the New World. Large body size in vultures developed in North America at least 4 million years (Ma) earlier than thought previously, and the condors probably evolved in North America. Condors were most diverse in the late Pleistocene but are now near extinction.

scholarly journals Konothrips polychaeta sp.n. from Delaware, North America, with a key to the three species of this genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4341 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
ARTURO GOLDARAZENA ◽  
ADAM MITCHELL ◽  
THIERRY HANCE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Fore Wing ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Median Area

The genus Konothrips was erected by Bhatti (1990) for a single species, tuttlei, that was described from Arizona in the genus Chirothrips by zur Strassen (1967). The new genus was distinguished by the longitudinally orientated sculpture on the abdominal terga and sterna, the fore wing costa with only a single seta, and the ovipositor lacking teeth (Bhatti 1990). Subsequently, Nakahara and Foottit (2012) described in Konothrips a second species, colei, from Texas. However, those authors indicated that there is variation in these characters, with  colei intermediate in structure between tuttlei and members of Arorathrips. In the new species described below, the abdominal tergal and sternal sculpture is weakly developed, transverse medially with some reticles in the pleurotergites slightly orientated longitudinally, the ovipositor is reduced and smooth, and costal setae are present on the fore wing. This new species is described in Konothrips because antennal segment I is enlarged (more than 3 times wider than base of segment II), antennal segment II is strongly produced laterally, and the mesosternal furcal invaginations are widely separated. These characters are also shared with the species of Arorathrips, and distinguish this pair of genera from Chirothrips. However, the new species, together with tuttlei and colei, is distinguished from species placed in Arorathrips by the presence of more than 6 stout conical setae on the median area of the mesonotum, and the anterior abdominal tergites with D1 and D2 setae spine-like (conical and stout). 

Crinoids and stelleroids (Echinodermata) from the Broken Rib Member, Dyer Formation (Late Devonian, Famennian) of the White River Plateau, Colorado

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Webster ◽  
Daniel J. Hafley ◽  
Daniel B. Blake ◽  
Alexander Glass
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
First Report ◽  
White River ◽  
Class Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Devonian Extinction

A crinoid and stelleroid fauna is described from the Famennian (Late Devonian) Broken Rib Member of the Dyer Formation of the White River Plateau, Colorado. The fauna postdates the Late Devonian extinction event. Six new crinoid species described, including the new genusTarassocrinus, are:Strimplecrinus dyerensis, Catactocrinus?torus, Hypselocrinus?bisonensis, Gilmocrinus?albus, Eireocrinus?coloradoensis, andTarassocrinus synchlydus.The cladid-dominated crinoid fauna is transitional between earlier Devonian and later Carboniferous faunas. It contains the first report ofCupressocrinites(a Famennian Lazarus taxon) andEireocrinus? in North America and extends ranges of several Carboniferous genera into the Late Devonian. A preliminary revision of the Rhenocrinidae is recommended. The family Glossocrinidae is recognized, and the Cupressocrinitidae are transferred to the Gasterocomacea.A new stelleroid genus and species,Pleiadeaster inceptus(Asteroidea; family unknown), and an ophiuroid,Ophiopolytretus aethus(Ophiuroidea; Lapworthuridae?) are named. In addition,Hudsonaster(Hudsonasteridae; Asteroidea) and two unassigned asteroids are present, and three further stelleroids cannot be assigned to the class level.PleiadeasterandHudsonasterare important because they suggest that the Late Devonian might have been a time of transition for asteroids.Ophiopolytretus aethusis an oegophiurid ophiuroid with distinctive respiratory? pores penetrating the disk plates.

Megantereon cultridens (Cuvier) (Mammalia, Felidae, Machairodontinae) from Plio-Pleistocene deposits in Africa and Eurasia, with comments on dispersal and the possibility of a New World origin

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1256-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Turner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Single Species ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
The North ◽  
Eurasian Species ◽  
Area Of Origin

African machairodont specimens previously referred to three species of Megantereon are considered to represent a single species in turn argued to be conspecific with the Eurasian species Megantereon cultridens (Cuvier). The area of origin of Megantereon remains unclear, but doubt is expressed about claims for an earliest appearance of the genus in North America. It is probable that the North American species M. hesperus is a junior synonym of M. cultridens.

scholarly journals Potential geographic distribution and ecological niche of the insect order Megaloptera: the case of the neartic-neotropical transition zone

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Alejandro Álvarez ◽  
Miguel Alejandro Rivas-Soto
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
New World ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Potential Geographic Distribution

The Megaloptera are an interesting, but relatively poorly studied group of insects. Among the new world Megaloptera, it is not known the effect of the neartic-neotropical transition zone on their biogeographic distribution. Here we present potential geographic distributions based on ecological niche models of the species of Megaloptera from North America that occurred in the transition zone. Results suggested that the geographic range of Corydalinae (dobsonflies) in the transition zone is associated to mountainous formations and that most species favour for warm climates with higher precipitation rates. Climate types tend to be important for species that show narrow geographic ranges, but precipitation tends to be the most important variable to explain species dispersion. In addition, Chauliodinae (fishflies) and Sialidae (alderflies) may have no relation with the transition zone. Overall, our models support the dispersion of dobsonflies from the neotropics to North America and explain the two endemisms in Mexico as the result of the formation of the transition zone.

The Cross Creek Site (CA-SLO-1797) and Its Implications for New World Colonization

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Jones ◽  
Richard T. Fitzgerald ◽  
Douglas J. Kennett ◽  
Charles H. Miksicek ◽  
John L. Fagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
New World ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
The West ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Game Hunting ◽  
Big Game Hunting

Recent excavations at the Cross Creek site (CA-SLO-1797) on the central coast of California revealed a stratigraphically discrete midden component dating between ca. 8350 and 7700 cal B.C., making it the oldest mainland shell midden on the west coast of North America. A large recovery volume revealed an assemblage dominated by grinding implements (handstones and milling slabs) and crude core and flake tools typical of California's Milling Stone horizon, but the Cross Creek findings extend the antiquity of Milling Stone back to the terminal Pleistocene. The tools and associated faunal remains suggest a gathering economy profoundly different from the terminal Pleistocene big-game hunting of interior North America. This variation is difficult to reconcile as a simple adaptive outgrowth from late Pleistocene hunting and may reflect a separate coastal migration route into the New World.

Early Paleozoic Hyolitha from North America: reexamination of Walcott's and Resser's type specimens

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mark Malinky
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family

Concepts of the family Hyolithidae Nicholson fide Fisher and the genera Hyolithes Eichwald and Orthotheca Novak have been expanded through time to encompass a variety of morphologically dissimilar shells. The Hyolithidae is here considered to include only those hyolithid species which have a rounded (convex) dorsum; slopes on the dorsum are inflated, and the venter may be flat or slightly inflated. Hyolithes encompasses species which possess a low dorsum and a prominent longitudinal sulcus along each edge of the dorsum; the ligula is short and the apertural rim is flared. The emended concept of Orthotheca includes only those species of orthothecid hyoliths which have a subtriangular transverse outline and longitudinal lirae covering the shell on both dorsum and venter.Eighteen species of Hyolithes and one species of Orthotheca from the Appalachian region and Western Interior were reexamined in light of more modern taxonomic concepts and standards of quality for type material. Reexamination of type specimens of H. similis Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland, H. whitei Resser from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. billingsi Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. gallatinensis Resser from the Upper Cambrian of Wyoming, and H. partitus Resser from the Middle Cambrian of Alabama indicates that none of these species represents Hyolithes. Hyolithes similis is here included under the new genus Similotheca, in the new family Similothecidae. Hyolithes whitei is designated as the type species of the new genus Nevadotheca, to which H. billingsi may also belong. Hyolithes gallatinensis is referred to Burithes Missarzhevsky with question, and H. partitus may represent Joachimilites Marek. The type or types of H. attenuatus Walcott, H. cecrops Walcott, H. comptus Howell, H. cowanensis Resser, H. curticei Resser, H. idahoensis Resser, H. prolixus Resser, H. resseri Howell, H. shaleri Walcott, H. terranovicus Walcott, and H. wanneri Resser and Howell lack shells and/or other taxonomically important features such as a complete aperture, rendering the diagnoses of these species incomplete. Their names should only be used for the type specimens until better preserved topotypes become available for study. Morphology of the types of H.? corrugatus Walcott and “Orthotheca” sola Resser does not support placement in the Hyolitha; the affinities of these species are uncertain.

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