scholarly journals Elevated ozone reduces photosynthetic carbon gain by accelerating leaf senescence of inbred and hybrid maize in a genotype-specific manner

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R. Yendrek ◽  
Gorka Erice ◽  
Christopher M. Montes ◽  
Tiago Tomaz ◽  
Crystal A. Sorgini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Hybrid Lines

ABSTRACTExposure to elevated tropospheric ozone concentration ([O3]) accelerates leaf senescence in many C3 crops. However, the effects of elevated [O3] on C4 crops including maize (Zea mays L.) are poorly understood in terms of physiological mechanism and genetic variation in sensitivity. Using Free Air gas Concentration Enrichment (FACE), we investigated the photosynthetic response of 18 diverse maize inbred and hybrid lines to season-long exposure to elevated [O3] (~100 nL L−1) in the field. Gas exchange was measured on the leaf subtending the ear throughout the grain filling period. On average over the lifetime of the leaf, elevated [O3] led to reductions in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation of both inbred (-22%) and hybrid (-33%) genotypes. There was significant variation among both inbred and hybrid lines in the sensitivity of photosynthesis to elevated [O3], with some lines showing no change in photosynthesis at elevated [O3]. Based on analysis of inbred line B73, the reduced CO2 assimilation at elevated [O3] was associated with accelerated senescence decreasing photosynthetic capacity, and not altered stomatal limitation. These findings across diverse maize genotypes could advance the development of more ozone tolerant maize, and provide experimental data for parameterization and validation of studies modeling how O3 impacts crop performance.

scholarly journals Elevated ozone reduces photosynthetic carbon gain by accelerating leaf senescence of inbred and hybrid maize in a genotype-specific manner

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 3088-3100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R. Yendrek ◽  
Gorka Erice ◽  
Christopher M. Montes ◽  
Tiago Tomaz ◽  
Crystal A. Sorgini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Effect of PASP-KT-NAA on Leaf Senescence and Grain Filling Rate during the Grain-Filling Period in Different Temperature Zones

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1698-1709
Author(s):  
Tian-Jun XU ◽  
Zhi-Qiang DONG ◽  
Jiao GAO ◽  
Chuan-Xiao CHEN ◽  
Liu JIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Period

scholarly journals Effective Seed Yield and Flowering Synchrony of Parents of CIMMYT Three-Way-Cross Tropical Maize Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Alberto A. Chassaigne-Ricciulli ◽  
Leopoldo E. Mendoza-Onofre ◽  
Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez ◽  
Aquiles Carballo-Carballo ◽  
Félix M. San Vicente-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Genotype, environmental temperature, and agronomic management of parents influence seed yield in three-way cross hybrid maize seed production. The objective of this research was to generate information on the seed production of six three-way cross hybrids and their progenitors, adapted to tropical lowlands. Data on days to—and duration of—flowering, distance to spike and stigmas, and seed yield of five female single crosses and five male inbred lines were recorded for different combinations of four planting densities and four sowing dates in Mexico. The effect of planting density was not significant. The male inbred line T10 was the earliest and highest seed yield and T31 the latest, occupying second place in yield. The single crosses T32/T10 and T13/T14 were the earliest and had the highest effective seed yield. At the earliest sowing date, the females were later in their flowering, accumulated fewer growing degree days (GDD), and obtained higher yields since the grain-filling period coincided with hot days and cool nights. To achieve greater floral synchronization and therefore greater production of hybrid seed, differential planting dates for parents are recommended based on information from the accumulated GDD of each parent. The three-way cross hybrids were classified according to the expected seed yield of the females and the complexity in the synchronization of flowering of their parents.

EFFECT OF SOURCE-SINK RATIO ON DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION AND LEAF SENESENCE OF MAIZE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Source Sink

The effect of source-sink ratio (i.e., the ability of the leaves to produce photosynthate versus the capacity of the grain to accommodate the assimilates) on dry matter accumulation and leaf senescence during the grain filling period of two short-season maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids was investigated in 1979 and 1980. Source-sink ratio of the maize hybrids was altered by ear removal at midsilking and at 3 wk after midsilking; by partial fertilization of the topmost ear so that treatment ears contained approximately 50% of kernel number of the control; and by removal of all leaf blades but that of the ear leaf at 2 wk after midsilking. Crop growth rate during the period from 3–5 wk after midsilking was reduced by 30% for the partly fertilized treatment and by 60% for both ear removal treatments. During the period from 5 to 7 wk after midsilking, the treatment-by-hybrid interaction for crop growth rate reflected different patterns of leaf senescence. In one hybrid, treatments which caused reductions in sink size delayed leaf senescence and increased the crop growth during the 5 to 7-wk postsilking interval, relative to the control. The reverse was evident for the other hybrid. Partial defoliation tended to cause the remaining ear leaf to senescence slightly earlier than in the control. Apparently two types of leaf senescence occurred: senescence due to assimilate starvation, and senescence due to excessive assimilate accumulation. The former caused by excessively low source-sink ratio and the latter caused by excessively high source-sink ratio. These results indicate that a delicate balance exists between sink and source during the grain-filling period of maize, and that disturbance of this balance can cause substantial yield reductions, plus an acceleration of leaf senescence and maturation processes.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Application Favors Yield Improvement of Maize Under Semiarid Regions by Delaying Leaf Senescence and Regulating Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant System During Grain-Filling Stage

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Izhar Hussain ◽  
Xiangping Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Ros Burst ◽  
Grain Filling Period

In the present study, we examined the potential role of paclobutrazol in delaying leaf senescence, in causing changes in the activities of antioxidants, and in the maintenance of photosynthetic activity during the senescence process, and, therefore, on the grain yield of maize under semiarid field conditions. Maize seeds were pretreated with 0 (CK), 200 (PS1), 300 (PS2), and 400 (PS3) mg paclobutrazol L−1. Our results indicated that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were positively associated with accelerated leaf senescence during the grain-filling periods. The leaf senescence resulted in the disintegration of the photosynthetic pigments and reduced the net photosynthetic rate after silking. However, the resultant ROS burst (O2− and H2O2) was lessened and the leaf senescence and chlorophyll degradation were evidently inhibited in leaves of paclobutrazol-treated maize plants, which was strongly linked with upregulated activities of antioxidant enzymes in treated plants. The enhanced chlorophyll contents and availability of a greater photosynthetic active green leaf area during the grain filling period facilitated the maintenance of higher photosynthetic rate, and light-harvesting efficiency of photosynthesis associated with photosystem II (PSII) resulted in higher kernel number ear−1 and thousand kernel weights, and thus increased the final grain yield. The average maize grain yield was increased by 18.8% to 55.6% in paclobutrazol treatments, compared to untreated control. Among the various paclobutrazol treatments, PS2 (300 mg L−1) treatment showed the most promising effects on enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes, delaying leaf senescence and improving the yield of maize. Thus, understanding this effect of paclobutrazol on delaying leaf senescence introduces new possibilities for facilitating yield improvement of maize under semiarid conditions.

Influence of Canopy Temperature (CT) During Grain-Filling Period on Yield and Effects of Several CT-Associated SSR Loci

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Ling ZHANG ◽  
Hong-Na ZHANG ◽  
Chen-Yang HAO ◽  
Lan-Fen WANG ◽  
Tian LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Grain Filling Period
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