scholarly journals Developmental dynamics of cross-modality in mouse visual cortex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoma Hattori ◽  
Takao K Hensch
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
Dark Exposure ◽  
Genetic Deletion ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Developmental Dynamics

SUMMARYMaturation of GABAergic circuits in primary visual cortex (V1) opens a critical period (CP), a developmental window of enhanced plasticity for visual functions. However, how inhibition promotes the plasticity remains unclear. Here, we investigated the developmental dynamics of auditory responses and audiovisual interactions in mouse V1. Modulation of V1 spiking activity by a transient sound was temporally dynamic with alternating enhancement and suppression phases. When paired with grating visual stimuli, sound-driven spike enhancement and suppression were weaker and stronger with preferred orientation than with non-preferred orientations, respectively, leading to impaired net orientation selectivity in V1 neurons. Strikingly, the net orientation selectivity was impervious to sound specifically during the CP due to equal total amounts of sound-driven spike enhancements and suppressions. This balance of spike modulations at the CP was achieved by the preferential maturation of sound-driven spike suppression. However, further maturation of sound-driven spike enhancement broke the balance after the CP. Spectral analysis of field potentials revealed the enhancement of a GABA-mediated sound-driven power suppression specifically at CP. Reduction of inhibition by 10-day dark-exposure or genetic deletion of GAD65 gene dampened sound-driven spike suppression in V1. Furthermore, acute suppression of either parvalbumin-expressing (PV) or somatostatinexpressing (SST) neurons suggested their early or late recruitments by sound, respectively. Our results point to the dampened net non-visual sensory influence as one of the functional roles of GABA circuit maturation during a developmental CP. The insensitivity of visual selectivity to sound during the CP may promote functional maturation of V1 as visual cortex.

scholarly journals Emergent orientation selectivity from random networks in mouse visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Pattadkal ◽  
G. Mato ◽  
C. van Vreeswijk ◽  
N. J. Priebe ◽  
D. Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Random Networks ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings ◽  
Random Connectivity

SummaryWe study the connectivity principles underlying the emergence of orientation selectivity in primary visual cortex (V1) of mammals lacking an orientation map. We present a computational model in which random connectivity gives rise to orientation selectivity that matches experimental observations. It predicts that mouse V1 neurons should exhibit intricate receptive fields in the two-dimensional frequency domain, causing shift in orientation preferences with spatial frequency. We find evidence for these features in mouse V1 using calcium imaging and intracellular whole cell recordings.

scholarly journals Synaptic Basis for Differential Orientation Selectivity between Complex and Simple Cells in Mouse Visual Cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (31) ◽  
pp. 11081-11093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-t. Li ◽  
B.-h. Liu ◽  
X.-l. Chou ◽  
L. I. Zhang ◽  
H. W. Tao
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Simple Cells ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

scholarly journals Broadening of Inhibitory Tuning Underlies Contrast-Dependent Sharpening of Orientation Selectivity in Mouse Visual Cortex

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (46) ◽  
pp. 16466-16477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-t. Li ◽  
W.-p. Ma ◽  
L.-y. Li ◽  
L. A. Ibrahim ◽  
S.-z. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

scholarly journals Orientation tuning depends on spatial frequency in mouse visual cortex

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inbal Ayzenshtat ◽  
Jesse Jackson ◽  
Rafael Yuste
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

AbstractThe response properties of neurons to sensory stimuli have been used to identify their receptive fields and functionally map sensory systems. In primary visual cortex, most neurons are selective to a particular orientation and spatial frequency of the visual stimulus. Using two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal populations from the primary visual cortex of mice, we have characterized the response properties of neurons to various orientations and spatial frequencies. Surprisingly, we found that the orientation selectivity of neurons actually depends on the spatial frequency of the stimulus. This dependence can be easily explained if one assumed spatially asymmetric Gabor-type receptive fields. We propose that receptive fields of neurons in layer 2/3 of visual cortex are indeed spatially asymmetric, and that this asymmetry could be used effectively by the visual system to encode natural scenes.Significance StatementIn this manuscript we demonstrate that the orientation selectivity of neurons in primary visual cortex of mouse is highly dependent on the stimulus SF. This dependence is realized quantitatively in a decrease in the selectivity strength of cells in non-optimum SF, and more importantly, it is also evident qualitatively in a shift in the preferred orientation of cells in non-optimum SF. We show that a receptive-field model of a 2D asymmetric Gabor, rather than a symmetric one, can explain this surprising observation. Therefore, we propose that the receptive fields of neurons in layer 2/3 of mouse visual cortex are spatially asymmetric and this asymmetry could be used effectively by the visual system to encode natural scenes.Highlights–Orientation selectivity is dependent on spatial frequency.–Asymmetric Gabor model can explain this dependence.

scholarly journals Sensory prediction errors increase coding efficiency in mouse visual cortex through gain amplification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Tang ◽  
Ehsan Kheradpezhouh ◽  
Conrad Lee ◽  
J Dickinson ◽  
Jason Mattingley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Coding Efficiency ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Prediction

Abstract The efficiency of sensory coding is affected both by past events (adaptation) and by expectation of future events (prediction). Here we employed a novel visual stimulus paradigm to determine whether expectation influences orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex. We used two-photon calcium imaging (GCaMP6f) in awake mice viewing visual stimuli with different levels of predictability. The stimuli consisted of sequences of grating stimuli that randomly shifted in orientation or systematically rotated with occasionally unexpected rotations. At the single neuron and population level, there was significantly enhanced orientation-selective response to unexpected visual stimuli through a boost in gain, which was prominent in awake mice but also present to a lesser extent under anesthesia. We implemented a computational model to demonstrate how neuronal responses were best characterized when adaptation and expectation parameters were combined. Our results demonstrated that adaptation and prediction have unique signatures on activity of V1 neurons.

scholarly journals Audio-visual experience strengthens multisensory assemblies in adult mouse visual cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Knöpfel ◽  
Yann Sweeney ◽  
Carola I. Radulescu ◽  
Nawal Zabouri ◽  
Nazanin Doostdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Calcium Indicators ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

AbstractWe experience the world through multiple senses simultaneously. To better understand mechanisms of multisensory processing we ask whether inputs from two senses (auditory and visual) can interact and drive plasticity in neural-circuits of the primary visual cortex (V1). Using genetically-encoded voltage and calcium indicators, we find coincident audio-visual experience modifies both the supra and subthreshold response properties of neurons in L2/3 of mouse V1. Specifically, we find that after audio-visual pairing, a subset of multimodal neurons develops enhanced auditory responses to the paired auditory stimulus. This cross-modal plasticity persists over days and is reflected in the strengthening of small functional networks of L2/3 neurons. We find V1 processes coincident auditory and visual events by strengthening functional associations between feature specific assemblies of multimodal neurons during bouts of sensory driven co-activity, leaving a trace of multisensory experience in the cortical network.

In vivo two-photon imaging analysis of development of direction and orientation selectivity in the mouse visual cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e257
Author(s):  
Madoka Narushima ◽  
Nathalie L. Rochefort ◽  
Christine Grienberger ◽  
Nima Marandi ◽  
Arthur Konnerth
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Photon Imaging ◽  
Two Photon Imaging ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

scholarly journals Emergent Orientation Selectivity from Random Networks in Mouse Visual Cortex

Cell Reports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2042-2050.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagruti J. Pattadkal ◽  
German Mato ◽  
Carl van Vreeswijk ◽  
Nicholas J. Priebe ◽  
David Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Random Networks ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

scholarly journals Orientation selectivity in the visual cortex of the nine-banded armadillo

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1395-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Scholl ◽  
Johnathan Rylee ◽  
Jeffrey J. Luci ◽  
Nicholas J. Priebe ◽  
Jeffrey Padberg
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degree Of Orientation

Orientation selectivity in primary visual cortex (V1) has been proposed to reflect a canonical computation performed by the neocortical circuitry. Although orientation selectivity has been reported in all mammals examined to date, the degree of selectivity and the functional organization of selectivity vary across mammalian clades. The differences in degree of orientation selectivity are large, from reports in marsupials that only a small subset of neurons are selective to studies in carnivores, in which it is rare to find a neuron lacking selectivity. Furthermore, the functional organization in cortex varies in that the primate and carnivore V1 is characterized by an organization in which nearby neurons share orientation preference while other mammals such as rodents and lagomorphs either lack or have only extremely weak clustering. To gain insight into the evolutionary emergence of orientation selectivity, we examined the nine-banded armadillo, a species within the early placental clade Xenarthra. Here we use a combination of neuroimaging, histological, and electrophysiological methods to identify the retinofugal pathways, locate V1, and for the first time examine the functional properties of V1 neurons in the armadillo ( Dasypus novemcinctus) V1. Individual neurons were strongly sensitive to the orientation and often the direction of drifting gratings. We uncovered a wide range of orientation preferences but found a bias for horizontal gratings. The presence of strong orientation selectivity in armadillos suggests that the circuitry responsible for this computation is common to all placental mammals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study shows that armadillo primary visual cortex (V1) neurons share the signature properties of V1 neurons of primates, carnivorans, and rodents. Furthermore, these neurons exhibit a degree of selectivity for stimulus orientation and motion direction similar to that found in primate V1. Our findings in armadillo visual cortex suggest that the functional properties of V1 neurons emerged early in the mammalian lineage, near the time of the divergence of marsupials.

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