scholarly journals An open resource for transdiagnostic research in pediatric mental health and learning disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Alexander ◽  
Jasmine Escalera ◽  
Lei Ai ◽  
Charissa Andreotti ◽  
Karina Febre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Biophysical Modeling ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
Pediatric Mental Health

ABSTRACTTechnological and methodological innovations are equipping researchers with unprecedented capabilities for detecting and characterizing pathologic processes in the developing human brain. As a result, ambitions to achieve clinically useful tools to assist in the diagnosis and management of mental health and learning disorders are gaining momentum. To this end, it is critical to accrue large-scale multimodal datasets that capture a broad range of commonly encountered clinical psychopathology. The Child Mind Institute has launched the Healthy Brain Network (HBN), an ongoing initiative focused on creating and sharing a biobank of data from 10,000 New York area participants (ages 5-21). The HBN Biobank houses data about psychiatric, behavioral, cognitive, and lifestyle phenotypes, as well as multimodal brain imaging (resting and naturalistic viewing fMRI, diffusion MRI, morphometric MRI), electroencephalography, eye-tracking, voice and video recordings, genetics, and actigraphy. Here, we present the rationale, design and implementation of HBN protocols. We describe the first data release (n = 664) and the potential of the biobank to advance related areas (e.g., biophysical modeling, voice analysis).

scholarly journals An open resource for transdiagnostic research in pediatric mental health and learning disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Alexander ◽  
Jasmine Escalera ◽  
Lei Ai ◽  
Charissa Andreotti ◽  
Karina Febre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Mental Health

scholarly journals Global connectivity of the frontoparietal cognitive control network is related to depression symptoms in the general population

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Schultz ◽  
Takuya Ito ◽  
Levi I. Solomyak ◽  
Richard H. Chen ◽  
Ravi D. Mill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Control Network ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTWe all vary in our mental health, even among people not meeting diagnostic criteria for mental illness. Understanding this individual variability may reveal factors driving the risk for mental illness, as well as factors driving sub-clinical problems that still adversely affect quality of life. To better understand the large-scale brain network mechanisms underlying this variability we examined the relationship between mental health symptoms and resting-state functional connectivity patterns in cognitive control systems. One such system is the frontoparietal cognitive control network (FPN). Changes in FPN connectivity may impact mental health by disrupting the ability to regulate symptoms in a goal-directed manner. Here we test the hypothesis that FPN dysconnectivity relates to mental health symptoms even among individuals who do not meet formal diagnostic criteria but may exhibit meaningful symptom variation. We found that depression symptoms severity negatively correlated with between-network global connectivity (BGC) of the FPN. This suggests that decreased connectivity between the FPN and the rest of the brain is related to increased depression symptoms in the general population. These findings complement previous clinical studies to support the hypothesis that global FPN connectivity contributes to the regulation of mental health symptoms across both health and disease.AUTHOR SUMMARYUnderstanding how large-scale network interactions in the brain contribute to (or serve a protective role against) mental health symptoms is an important step toward developing more effective mental health treatments. Here we test the hypothesis that cognitive control networks play an important role in mental health by being highly connected to other brain networks and able to serve as a feedback mechanism capable of regulating symptoms in a goal-directed manner. We found that the more well-connected the frontoparietal cognitive control network was to other networks in the brain the less depression symptoms were reported by participants. These results contribute to our understanding of how brain network interactions are related to mental health symptoms, even in individuals who have not been diagnosed with a disorder.

scholarly journals Getting On in Gotham: The Midtown Manhattan Study and Putting the “Social” in Psychiatry

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-404
Author(s):  
Matthew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
New Yorker ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Good Mental Health ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Oral History Interviews

AbstractIn the spring of 1962, a series of alarming headlines greeted American newspaper readers. From “New York Living for Nuts Only” and “One in Five Here Mentally Fit” to “Scratch a New Yorker, and What Do You Find?” and “City Gets Mental Test, Results are Real Crazy,” the stories highlighted the shocking and, to some, incredible statistics that fewer than one in five (18.5%) Manhattanites had good mental health. Approximately a quarter of them had such bad mental health that they were effectively incapacitated, often unable to work or function socially. The headlines were gleaned from Mental Health in the Metropolis (1962), the first major output of the Midtown Manhattan Study, a large-scale, interdisciplinary project that surveyed the mental health of 1660 white Upper East Side residents between the ages of 20 and 59. One of the most significant social psychiatry projects to emerge following the Second World War, the Midtown Manhattan Study endeavored to “test the general hypothesis that biosocial and sociocultural factors leave imprints on mental health which are discernible when viewed from the panoramic perspective provided by a large population.” Despite initial media and academic interest, however, the Midtown Manhattan Study’s findings were soon forgotten, as American psychiatry turned its focus to individual—rather than population—psychopathology, and turned to the brain—rather than the environment—for explanations. Relying on archival sources, contemporary medical and social scientific literature, and oral history interviews, this article explains why the Midtown Manhattan Study failed to become more influential, concluding that its emphasis on the role of social isolation and poverty in mental illness should be taken more seriously today.

scholarly journals Shared and unique brain network features predict cognition, personality and mental health in childhood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Chen ◽  
Angela Tam ◽  
Valeria Kebets ◽  
Csaba Orban ◽  
Leon Qi Rong Ooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
And Task ◽  
Behavioral Domains

AbstractThe manner through which individual differences in brain network organization track population-level behavioral variability is a fundamental question in systems neuroscience. Recent work suggests that resting-state and task-state functional connectivity can predict specific traits at the individual level. However, the focus of most studies on single behavioral traits has come at the expense of capturing broader relationships across behaviors. Here, we utilized a large-scale dataset of 1858 typically developing children to estimate whole-brain functional network organization that is predictive of individual differences in cognition, impulsivity-related personality, and mental health during rest and task states. Predictive network features were distinct across the broad behavioral domains: cognition, personality and mental health. On the other hand, traits within each behavioral domain were predicted by highly similar network features. This is surprising given decades of research emphasizing that distinct brain networks support different mental processes. Although tasks are known to modulate the functional connectome, we found that predictive network features were similar between resting and task states. Overall, our findings reveal shared brain network features that account for individual variation within broad domains of behavior in childhood, yet are unique to different behavioral domains.

scholarly journals Using Gastrointestinal Distress Reports to Predict Youth Anxiety Risk: Implications for Mental Health Literacy and Community Care

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Alexander Bloom ◽  
Ian James Douglas ◽  
Michelle VanTieghem ◽  
Nim Tottenham ◽  
Bridget Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Youth Anxiety ◽  
Gastrointestinal Distress ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints

Child-facing professionals in a variety of settings have identified a lack of confidence in recognizing mental health symptoms as a major barrier to treatment for youth. The aim of this study was to investigate the generalizability and predictive validity of known associations between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and youth anxiety to establish their utility in community mental health decision-making. We analyzed data from youth ages 3-21 years in volunteer samples collected in Los Angeles (N=327) and New York City (N =102), as well as the community-referred Healthy Brain Network sample (N=1957). Youth gastrointestinal distress was measured through the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and youth anxiety was measured through (1) the parent-proxy form of the Screen for Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), (2) the child-report form of the SCARED, or (3) clinician-consensus diagnoses (2 and 3 in the Healthy Brain Network cohort only). We examined generalizability of GI-anxiety associations across cohorts and anxiety reporters, then evaluated performance of GI models predicting youth anxiety in holdout data. Consistent with previous work, higher levels of gastrointestinal complaints were associated with more parent-reported youth anxiety behaviors in the Los Angeles (β = 5.02, 95% CI [3.46, 6.52]), New York (β = 5.49, 95% CI [2.85, 8.10]), and Healthy Brain Network (β = 3.88, 95% CI [3.37, 4.38]) cohorts. In the Healthy Brain Network cohort, gastrointestinal symptoms were also associated with more child-reported (β = 1.79, 95% CI [1.07, 2.51]) anxiety behaviors and higher probability of a clinician-evaluated anxiety diagnosis (β = 0.28, 95% CI [0.19, 0.37]). Models trained on one cohort predicted parent-reported (q2 = 0.139, 95% CI [0.036, 0.23], p = .0001) and child-reported (q2= 0.073, 95% CI [0.005, 0.135], p = .0001) anxiety behaviors, as well as clinician-evaluated anxiety diagnoses (AUC = .634, 95% CI [0.577, 0.69], p = .001) at above chance levels in holdout data. Models based on gastrointestinal symptoms often, but not always, outperformed models based on age and sex alone in predicting youth anxiety. Based on the generalizability and predictive validity of GI-anxiety associations investigated here, gastrointestinal complaints may be an effective tool in the hands of child-facing professionals for identifying children at risk for anxiety.

Criminal Justice Interventions for Offenders With Mental Illness: Evaluation of Mental Health Courts in Bronx and Brooklyn, New York

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelli B. Rossman ◽  
Janeen Buck Willison ◽  
Kamala Mallik-Kane ◽  
KiDeuk Kim ◽  
Sara Debus-Sherrill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Mental Health Courts ◽  
Offenders With Mental Illness
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document