scholarly journals A Century of Guayule: Comprehensive Genetic Characterization of the Guayule (Parthenium argentatumA. Gray) USDA Germplasm Collection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Ilut ◽  
Paul L. Sanchez ◽  
Terry A. Coffelt ◽  
John M. Dyer ◽  
Matthew A. Jenks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Critical Material ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Big Bend National Park

The fragility of a single-source, geographically concentrated supply of natural rubber, a critical material of the modern economy, has brought guayule (Parthenium argentatumA. Gray) to the forefront as an alternative source of natural rubber. The improvement of guayule for commercial-scale production has been limited by the lack of genomic tools and well-characterized genetic resources required for genomics-assisted breeding. To address this issue, we developed nearly 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers and genotyped 69 accessions of guayule and its sister taxa mariola (Parthenium incanumKunth), representing the entire available NALPGRU germplasm collection. We identified multiple interspecific hybrid accessions previously considered guayule, including six guayule-mariola hybrids and non-mariola interspecific hybrid accessions AZ-2 and AZ-3, two commonly used high-yielding cultivars. We dissected genetic diversity within the collection to identify a highly diverse subset of guayule accessions, and showed that wild guayule stands in Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA have the potential to provide hitherto untapped guayule genetic diversity. Together, these results provide the most thorough genetic characterization of guayule germplasm to date and lay the foundation for rapid genetic improvement of commercial guayule germplasm.

scholarly journals Subtype Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium felis in Cats in Guangdong and Shanghai, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Fuxian Yang ◽  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of table grape based on morphoagronomic traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Vitis Spp ◽  
Grape Cultivars

The conservation and characterization of grape (Vitis spp) genetic resources in germplasm banks have been the basis of its use in breeding programs that result in development of new cultivars. There are at least 10,000 grape cultivars kept in germplasm collection. The genetic diversity in 136 table grape accessions from the state of Bahia, Brazil, was evaluated. Continuous and discrete morphoagronomic traits were assessed. The clustering analysis by the Tocher otimization method resulted in 30 clusters (considering continuous morphoagronomic traits), and 9 clusters (taking into consideration multicategorical traits). There was no agreement between clusters obtained by both, continuous or discrete phenotypic descriptors, independent of the cluster method analysis used. A satisfactory genetic variability among the table grape accessions was observed.

scholarly journals Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA Analysis for Genetic Characterization of Two Breeds of Dogs, German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Jarina Joshsi ◽  
Lumanti Manandhar ◽  
Patima Shrestha ◽  
Rani Gupta ◽  
Rojlina Manadhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Random Amplification

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study genetic diversity in dog samples belonging to populations of German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz. A total of twelve samples were typed using eight RAPD primers. Out of eight primers, three primers gave result in six individuals of dogs. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor joining method based on Nei. Original measures revealed highest genetic identity found in German Shepherd as 0.9444 and highest genetic distance as 1.2809. The analysis predicts the number of polymorphic loci as 15 and the percentage of polymorphic loci as 83.3. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 73-78 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7717

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Cleveland Bay Horse Breed

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanshour ◽  
Hempsey ◽  
Juras ◽  
Cothran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
The Usa

The Cleveland Bay (CB) is the United Kingdom’s oldest established horse breed. In this study we analyzed the genetic variability in CB horses and investigated its genetic relationships with other horse breeds. We examined the genetic variability among 90 CB horses sampled in the USA compared to a total of 3447 horses from 59 other breeds. Analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure was carried out using 15 microsatellite loci. We found that genetic diversity in CB horses was less than that for the majority of other tested breeds. The genetic similarity measures showed no direct relationship between the CB and Thoroughbred but suggested the Turkman horses (likely in the lineage of ancestors of the Thoroughbred) as a possible ancestor. Our findings reveal the genetic uniqueness of the CB breed and indicate its need to be preserved as a genetic resource.

scholarly journals Distribution and genetic diversity of Enterovirus G (EV-G) on pig farms in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taveesak Janetanakit ◽  
Supassama Chaiyawong ◽  
Kamonpan Charoenkul ◽  
Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat ◽  
Ekkapat Chamsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Pig Farms

Abstract Background Enterovirus G (EV-G) causes subclinical infections and is occasionally associated with diarrhea in pigs. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of EV-G in pigs from 73 pig farms in 20 provinces of Thailand from December 2014 to January 2018. Results Our results showed a high occurrence of EV-Gs which 71.6 % of fecal and intestinal samples (556/777) and 71.2 % of pig farms (52/73) were positive for EV-G by RT-PCR specific to the 5’UTR. EV-Gs could be detected in all age pig groups, and the percentage positivity was highest in the fattening group (89.7 %), followed by the nursery group (89.4 %). To characterize the viruses, 34 EV-G representatives were characterized by VP1 gene sequencing. Pairwise sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that Thai-EV-Gs belonged to the EV-G1, EV-G3, EV-G4, EV-G8, EV-G9 and EV-G10 genotypes, among which the EV-G3 was the predominant genotype in Thailand. Co-infection with different EV-G genotypes or with EV-Gs and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) or porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) on the same pig farms was observed. Conclusions Our results confirmed that EV-G infection is endemic in Thailand, with a high genetic diversity of different genotypes. This study constitutes the first report of the genetic characterization of EV-GS in pigs in Thailand.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of the Apple Germplasm Collection in Central Italy: The Value of Local Varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpiero Marconi ◽  
Nicoletta Ferradini ◽  
Luigi Russi ◽  
Luciano Concezzi ◽  
Fabio Veronesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Local Varieties

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Cycas panzhihuaensis (Cycadaceae): crisis lurks behind a seemingly bright prospect

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyue Xiao ◽  
Yunheng Ji ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Xun Gong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Endangered Status

Background Cycas panzhihuaensis L. Zhou & S. Y. Yang (Cycadaceae) is an endangered gymnosperm species endemic in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River basin from southwest China. Although the wild C. panzhihuaensis population from Panzhihua Cycad Natural Reserve is well protected, other known populations that fall outside the natural reserve may preserve specific genetic resources while face with larger extinction risk because of lacking essential monitoring. Methods In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity, phylogeographical structure and demographic history of C. panzhihuaensis from seven known locations so far by sequencing three chloroplastic DNA regions (psbA-trnH, psbM-trnD, and trnS-trnG), four single-copy nuclear genes (PHYP, AC5, HSP70, and AAT) from 61 individuals, and eleven microsatellite loci (SSR) from 102 individuals. Results and Discussion We found relative high genetic diversity within populations and high genetic differentiation among the populations of C. panzhihuaensis, which is similar with the other Asian inland cycads. Despite no significant phylogeographical structure was detected, small and unprotected populations possess higher genetic diversity and more unique haplotypes, which deserve due attention. Results of demographic dynamics suggest that human activity is the key factor that leads C. panzhihuaensis to endangered status. Basing on the genetic characterization of C. panzhihuaensis, we proposed several practical guidelines for the conservation of this species, especially for its small populations.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees with diferent crown types from the mountain Golija

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislava Galovic ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
Robert Safhauzer ◽  
Dijana Cortan ◽  
Sasa Orlovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Primer Sets

The knowledge of genetic diversity degree of given species is of great importance for the successful process of breeding and genetic conservation. The aim of conducted research was to determine the genetic differentiation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) genotypes with very specific narrow pyramidal and normal crown type, which grows at different altitude of the mountain Golija. For assessment of genetic similarities or differences between studied genotypes co-dominant microsatellite system had been used. This system has proven to be reliable and efficient in the genetic characterization of plant species. In total 22 primer sets have been tested, while 16 (73%) of them resulted in the successful yield of the amplified product. The analysis show that studied individuals had in total 130 alleles, in average 8.125 polymorphic alleles per each locus. The lowest polymorphism was detected in the locus EATC1D10, EATC1F03B and EATC2G09, while the highest level of polymorphism was detected in EATC2G08. Based on microsatellite date and similarity matrix, cluster analysis dendrogram indicates existence of the vertical differentiation of studied genotypes, which is consistent with results of previous Norway spruce studies.

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