scholarly journals Deciphering Molecular Cascades in a Novel Acclimatization Strategy for Rapid Ascent to High Altitude

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhojit Paul ◽  
Anamika Gangwar ◽  
Kalpana Bhargava ◽  
Yasmin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Stress ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Extreme Altitude ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Rapid Ascent ◽  
Very High ◽  
Bioinformatics Workflow

ABSTRACTThe repercussions of hypobaric hypoxia are dependent upon two factors-time and intensity of exposure. The effects of intensity i.e. variation of altitude are yet unknown although it is a significant factor in terms of acclimatization protocols. In this study we present the effects of acute (24 h) exposure to high (10,000 ft), very high (15,000 ft) and extreme altitude (25,000 ft) zones on lung and plasma using semi-quantitative redox specific transcripts and quantitative proteo-bioinformatics workflow in conjunction with redox stress assays. Our findings indicate that very high altitude exposure elicits systemic redox homeostatic processes due to failure of lung redox homeostasis without causing mortality. We also document a rapid acclimatization protocol causing a shift from 0 to 100% survival at 25,000 ft in male SD rats upon rapid induction. Finally we posit the various processes involved and the plasma proteins that can be used to ascertain the acclimatization status of an individual.

scholarly journals Isolated psychosis during exposure to very high and extreme altitude – characterisation of a new medical entity

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1872-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Hüfner ◽  
Hermann Brugger ◽  
Eva Kuster ◽  
Franziska Dünsser ◽  
Agnieszka E. Stawinoga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Extreme Altitude ◽  
Medical Entity ◽  
Very High

BackgroundPsychotic episodes during exposure to very high or extreme altitude have been frequently reported in mountain literature, but not systematically analysed and acknowledged as a distinct clinical entity.MethodsEpisodes reported above 3500 m altitude with possible psychosis were collected from the lay literature and provide the basis for this observational study. Dimensional criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were used for psychosis, and the Lake Louise Scoring criteria for acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE). Eighty-three of the episodes collected underwent a cluster analysis to identify similar groups. Ratings were done by two independent, trained researchers (κ values 0.6–1).FindingsCluster 1 included 51% (42/83) episodes without psychosis; cluster 2 22% (18/83) cases with psychosis, plus symptoms of HACE or mental status change from other origins; and cluster 3 28% (23/83) episodes with isolated psychosis. Possible risk factors of psychosis and associated somatic symptoms were analysed between the three clusters and revealed differences regarding the factors ‘starvation’ (χ2 test, p = 0.002), ‘frostbite’ (p = 0.024) and ‘supplemental oxygen’ (p = 0.046). Episodes with psychosis were reversible but associated with near accidents and accidents (p = 0.007, odds ratio 4.44).ConclusionsEpisodes of psychosis during exposure to high altitude are frequently reported, but have not been specifically examined or assigned to medical diagnoses. In addition to the risk of suffering from somatic mountain illnesses, climbers and workers at high altitude should be aware of the potential occurrence of psychotic episodes, the associated risks and respective coping strategies.

scholarly journals MEASURING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF COUNTRIES BY CODAS AND TOPSIS METHODS: G7 GROUP COUNTRIES EXAMPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (59) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Environmental Performance Index ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Very High

With the awareness of their environmental performance, countries can provide strategies and policies to improve their environmental performance. Thus, countries can contribute to their own economic development by increasing their environmental performance. Therefore, measuring the environmental performance of countries is of great importance. Environmental performance of countries can be measured by the Environmental Performance Index (EPI). EPI consists of two factors, environmental health and ecosystem vitality. Its factors are environmental protection components, and environmental protection components are environmental protection variables. In this context, the research has two purposes. The first of these,To measure the latest and up-to-date environmental performances of the G7 group countries for 2018, using CODAS and TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) over the values of EPI components. The second is to determine which MCDM method can be used to explain the EPI values of countries the most. According to the findings, the ranking of countries' environmental performance with the CODAS method was determined as England, France, Japan, Germany, Canada, Italy and the USA. According to the TOPSIS method, this ranking was determined as England, France, Germany, Japan, Canada, Italy and the USA. According to another finding, it has been observed that there is a significant, positive and very high relationship between the EPI values of the countries and the values measured by the CODAS and TOPSIS methods. According to this result, it was evaluated that EPI can be explained by both methods. In addition, it has been concluded that the correlation value between TOPSIS values of EPI within the scope of the research is higher than the CODAS method, so it can be explained better with the TOPSIS method compared to the EPI CODAS method. In the literature, in order not to find a study measuring the environmental performance of countries with CODAS and TOPSIS methods, it was evaluated that the study in question contributed to the literature, since the findings obtained as a result of the research became a data set for future studies. Keywords: Environmental Performance, Environmental Performance Index, CODAS, TOPSIS

scholarly journals Occurrence of high altitude cerebral edema (hace) and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPO) simultaneously at 12000 ft: a rare phenomen

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
T. K. Rath ◽  
L. C. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema ◽  
High Altitude Cerebral Edema ◽  
Rapid Ascent ◽  
Male Sex

High altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPO) are the most dreaded complications related to high altitude. Authors managed a case of HACE and HAPO simultaneously set at unusually low height (1200 ft) in a patient. The altitude was not too much to develop these comorbidities as studied earlier. Relationship with altitude was immaterial in our case. However, rapid ascent without proper acclimatisation, young and tender age, male sex and smoking were associated contributing factors. He was managed with standard protocol and descent to lower altitude.

scholarly journals Comparison Between Pressure Swing Adsorption and Liquid Oxygen Enrichment Techniques in the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array Facility at the Chajnantor Plateau (5,050 m)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Lopez ◽  
Reinaldo Aravena ◽  
Daniel Soza ◽  
Alicia Morales ◽  
Silvia Riquelme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Oxygen Enrichment ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Pressure Swing ◽  
Very High

The Chilean workforce has over 200,000 people that are intermittently exposed to altitudes over 4,000 m. In 2012, the Ministry of Health provided a technical guide for high-altitude workers that included a series of actions to mitigate the effects of hypoxia. Previous studies have shown the positive effect of oxygen enrichment at high altitudes. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) radiotelescope operates at 5,050 m [Array Operations Site (AOS)] and is the only place in the world where pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and liquid oxygen technologies have been installed at a large scale. These technologies reduce the equivalent altitude by increasing oxygen availability. This study aims to perform a retrospective comparison between the use of both technologies during operation in ALMA at 5,050 m. In each condition, variables such as oxygen (O2), temperature, and humidity were continuously recorded in each AOS rooms, and cardiorespiratory variables were registered. In addition, we compared portable O2 by using continuous or demand flow during outdoor activities at very high altitudes. The outcomes showed no differences between production procedures (PSA or liquid oxygen) in regulating oxygen availability at AOS facilities. As a result, big-scale installations have difficulties reaching the appropriate O2 concentration due to leaks in high mobility areas. In addition, the PSA plant requires adequacy and maintenance to operate at a very high altitude. A continuous flow of 2–3 l/min of portable O2 is recommended at 5,050 m.

scholarly journals SAFETY OF USE OF HIGH ALTITUDE PROTECTION SUITS FOR KINESITHERAPY – PRELIMINARY REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Maciej Abakumow ◽  
◽  
Krzysztof Kowalczuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Blood Pressure Increase ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Very High

Abstract: Apart from protection from very high altitude or influence of increased gravitational accelerations protective suits sometimes are used for another applications like supporting kinesitherapy. Because of some safety considerations connected with possible cardiovascular system overload and dangerous blood pressure increase we tested if these concerns are valid. Main aim ot presented research performed with participation of healthy volunteers was to confirm that use of High Altitude Protection (HAP) suit is safe in terms of increased cardiovascular.

scholarly journals Forecasting Solar Energetic Particle Events and Associated False Alarms

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S335) ◽  
pp. 324-327
Author(s):  
Bill Swalwell ◽  
Silvia Dalla ◽  
Robert Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Particle ◽  
Solar Energetic Particle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Solar Event ◽  
Solar Energetic Particle Events ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Solar Events ◽  
Very High

AbstractBecause of the significant dangers they pose, accurate forecasting of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events is vital. Whilst it has long been known that SEP-production is associated with high-energy solar events, forecasting algorithms based upon the observation of these types of solar event suffer from high false alarm rates. Here we analyse the parameters of 4 very high energy solar events which were false alarms, with a view to reaching an understanding as to why SEPs were not detected at Earth. We find that in each case at least two factors were present which have been shown to be detrimental to SEP production.

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