scholarly journals A face identity hallucination (palinopsia) generated by intracerebral stimulation of the face-selective right lateral fusiform cortex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Jonas ◽  
Hélène Brissart ◽  
Gabriela Hossu ◽  
Sophie Colnat-Coulbois ◽  
Jean-Pierre Vignal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Face Stimulus ◽  
Electrophysiological Response ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
The Right

AbstractWe report the case of a patient (MB, young female human subject) who systematically experiences confusion between perceived facial identities when electrically stimulated inside the lateral section of the right fusiform gyrus. In the presence of a face stimulus (an experimenter or a photograph), intracerebral electrical stimulation in this region generates a perceptual hallucination of an individual facial part integrated within the whole perceived face, i.e. facial palinopsia. In the presence of a distracting stimulus (visual scene or object picture), the patient also experiences an individual face percept superimposed on the non-face stimulus. The stimulation site evoking this category-selective transient palinopsia is localized in a region showing highly selective responses to faces both with functional magnetic resonance imaging (“Fusiform Face Area”, “FFA”) and intracerebral electrophysiological recordings during fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS). Importantly, the largest electrophysiological response to fast periodic changes of facial identity is also found at this location. Altogether, these observations suggest that a local face-selective region of the right lateral fusiform gyrus suffices to generate a vivid percept of an individual face, supporting the active role of this region in individual face representation.

Face categorization in visual scenes may start in a higher order area of the right fusiform gyrus: evidence from dynamic visual stimulation in neuroimaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 2720-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Jiang ◽  
Laurence Dricot ◽  
Jochen Weber ◽  
Giulia Righi ◽  
Michael J. Tarr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Differential Activation ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Face Categorization ◽  
Visual Scenes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Processing Network

How a visual stimulus is initially categorized as a face by the cortical face-processing network remains largely unclear. In this study we used functional MRI to study the dynamics of face detection in visual scenes by using a paradigm in which scenes containing faces or cars are revealed progressively as they emerge from visual noise. Participants were asked to respond as soon as they detected a face or car during the noise sequence. Among the face-sensitive regions identified based on a standard localizer, a high-level face-sensitive area, the right fusiform face area (FFA), showed the earliest difference between face and car activation. Critically, differential activation in FFA was observed before differential activation in the more posteriorly located occipital face area (OFA). A whole brain analysis confirmed these findings, with a face-sensitive cluster in the right fusiform gyrus being the only cluster showing face preference before successful behavioral detection. Overall, these findings indicate that following generic low-level visual analysis, a face stimulus presented in a gradually revealed visual scene is first detected in the right middle fusiform gyrus, only after which further processing spreads to a network of cortical and subcortical face-sensitive areas (including the posteriorly located OFA). These results provide further evidence for a nonhierarchical organization of the cortical face-processing network.

scholarly journals Representations of Facial Identity in the Left Hemisphere Require Right Hemisphere Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Verosky ◽  
Nicholas B. Turk-Browne
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Fusiform Face Area ◽  
Identity Information ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Face Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fmri Adaptation

A quintessential example of hemispheric specialization in the human brain is that the right hemisphere is specialized for face perception. However, because the visual system is organized contralaterally, what happens when faces appear in the right visual field and are projected to the nonspecialized left hemisphere? We used divided field presentation and fMRI adaptation to test the hypothesis that the left hemisphere can recognize faces, but only with support from the right hemisphere. Consistent with this hypothesis, facial identity adaptation was observed in the left fusiform face area when a face had previously been processed by the right hemisphere, but not when it had only been processed by the left hemisphere. These results imply that facial identity information is transferred from the right hemisphere to the left hemisphere, and that the left hemisphere can represent facial identity but is less efficient at extracting this information by itself.

scholarly journals The Fusiform Gyrus Processes Faces Relative to an Overall Face Average and a Person Average

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarrar Shehzad ◽  
Eunjoo Byeon ◽  
Gregory McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Face Space ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Average Face ◽  
Face Similarity ◽  
The Right

AbstractWe are highly accurate at recognizing familiar faces even with large variation in visual presentation due to pose, lighting, hairstyle, etc. The neural basis of such within-person face variation has been largely unexplored. Building on prior behavioral work, we hypothesized that learning a person’s average face helps link the different instances of that person’s face into a coherent identity within face-selective regions within ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC). To test this hypothesis, we measured brain activity using fMRI for eight well-known celebrities with 18 naturalistic photos per identity. Each photo was mapped into a face-space using a neural network where the Euclidean distance between photos corresponded with face similarity. We confirmed in a behavioral study that photos closer to a person’s average face in a face-space were judged to look more like that person. fMRI results revealed hemispheric differences in identity processing. The right fusiform face area (FFA) encoded face-likeness with brain signal increasing the closer a photo was to the average of all faces. This suggests that the right FFA pattern matches to an average face template. In contrast, the left FFA and left anterior fusiform gyrus (aFus) encoded person-likeness. The brain signal increased the further a photo was from the person’s average face weighted by the features most relevant for face identification. This suggests that the left FFA and aFUS processes an identity error signal. Our results encourage a new consideration of the left fusiform in face processing, specifically for within-person processing of face identity.

scholarly journals Neural Tuning for Face Wholes and Parts in Human Fusiform Gyrus Revealed by fMRI Adaptation

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Harris ◽  
Geoffrey Karl Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Fusiform Face Area ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
The Face ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fmri Adaptation

Although the right fusiform face area (FFA) is often linked to holistic processing, new data suggest this region also encodes part-based face representations. We examined this question by assessing the metric of neural similarity for faces using a continuous carryover functional MRI (fMRI) design. Using faces varying along dimensions of eye and mouth identity, we tested whether these axes are coded independently by separate part-tuned neural populations or conjointly by a single population of holistically tuned neurons. Consistent with prior results, we found a subadditive adaptation response in the right FFA, as predicted for holistic processing. However, when holistic processing was disrupted by misaligning the halves of the face, the right FFA continued to show significant adaptation, but in an additive pattern indicative of part-based neural tuning. Thus this region seems to contain neural populations capable of representing both individual parts and their integration into a face gestalt. A third experiment, which varied the asymmetry of changes in the eye and mouth identity dimensions, also showed part-based tuning from the right FFA. In contrast to the right FFA, the left FFA consistently showed a part-based pattern of neural tuning across all experiments. Together, these data support the existence of both part-based and holistic neural tuning within the right FFA, further suggesting that such tuning is surprisingly flexible and dynamic.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KECERDASAN MUSIKAL ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN BERMAIN ALAT MUSIK ANGKLUNG DI KELOMPOK B

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Ari Patma Sari ◽  
Dwi Prasetiyawati Diyah Hariyanti ◽  
Purwadi Purwadi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Musical Intelligence ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right ◽  
Collection Methods

Musical intelligence is musical intelligence which is characterized by a person's ability in the field of music, both sensitivity and mastery of tones, rhythms, rhythm patterns, instruments, and musical expressions, so that a person can play musical instruments or sing songs. This study aims to analyze the musical intelligence of early childhood with angklung musical instruments in Hidayatullah Islamic Kindergarten Semarang. The benefit of this research is knowing how to apply the angklung musical instrument correctly so that it can develop children's musical intelligence. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection methods, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of research that has been done that the activity of playing angklung musical instruments can play an active role in stimulating children's musical intelligence. This can be seen when playing angklung musical instruments, children have skills in playing angklung musical instruments, the ability to adjust the tempo, adjust the tone, adjust the rhythm/rhythm, and the ability to sing short songs with the right rhythm. The results of the study showed that the musical intelligence of children in group B of Hidayatullah Islamic Kindergarten Semarang through playing the angklung musical instrument developed as expected.

scholarly journals P32 Relapsing polychondritis with anterior scleritis in young female

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Arain ◽  
Abimbola Phillips ◽  
Ben Burton ◽  
Damodar Makkuni
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Relapsing Polychondritis ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Ocular Findings ◽  
Anterior Scleritis ◽  
The Right

Abstract Case report - Introduction Relapsing polychondritis (RP) was first recognized as a clinical entity in 1923 by Jaksch-Wartenhorst (1923) and reported by him under the title "polychondropathia". The term "relapsing polychondritis" was first used by Pearson, Kline, and Newcomer (1960). Because the ocular findings can be the initial findings of RP, ophthalmologists should know the major ocular findings of this disease. Isaak et al reported that the most common ocular finding is episcleritis (39%) and the second is scleritis (14%). Other signs are iritis (9%), retinopathy (9%), muscle paresis (5%), and optic neuritis (5%). Case report - Case description A 45-year-old female with known rheumatoid arthritis referred by rheumatology in eye clinic due to blurred vision and dry eye. The patient was on hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine. No retinal toxicity was found on examination, OCT and Visual Fields. The vision was 6/6 both eyes. Follow-up was in 12 months. She presented 6 months later in casualty with severe pain in her right eye. Examination showed diffuse anterior scleritis with secondary conjunctival inflammation. Anterior chamber cells present. Posterior segment showed no inflammation. Left eye was unremarkable. She was started on Froben 100mg tds with omeprazole. She was seen after a week and condition was improving. She was asked to taper off the meds. Inflammation resolved with 6/5 vision in both eyes and the next appointment was made in a year to monitor for hydroxychloroquine toxicity. In November 2020 she was seen by ENT with inflammation of the right ear cartilage. The pictures showed that the pinna was spared and cartilage was only involved. There was nasal crusting and stuffy nose but without any respiratory symptoms. She was prescribed 50mgs of prednisolone and this helped with her inflammation. She was seen by rheumatology later on and hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine was stopped, and she was started on methotrexate 10mgs weekly and folic acid 5mg weekly. Pulmonary function test and echocardiogram was ordered. The case was discussed in MDT rheumatology and it was decided that if joint symptoms got worse than biologics could be started. Methotrexate increased to 15mg subcut. Echocardiogram was normal with satisfactory blood tests. Her next appointment is in October 2021. Case report - Discussion Initially the patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis with ocular inflammation (anterior scleritis) and was given the standard treatment of steroids to which the patient responded as well. Later when she developed the ear inflammation which involved only the cartilage the diagnosis was revised by rheumatology and changed to RP. As this is a rare life-threatening disease management was switched to immunosuppressive therapy to which she is currently responding well. Case report - Key learning points It is important to consider the possibility that a rheumatology patient may have more than one diagnosis or be open to the idea of revising the diagnosis as the clinical picture evolves over the time. Given the nature of the disease all the systemic features should be examined thoroughly as any one missed area can lead to delayed diagnosis.

scholarly journals A case report of DOPA-responsive dystonia in a young woman

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
NA Belykh ◽  
MA Akhkyamova ◽  
VV Gusev ◽  
OA Lvova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Emergency Treatment ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pediatric Onset

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is a rare progressive genetically heterogenous disorder with pediatric onset. DRD is 3 times as prevalent in women than in men. This article reports a clinical case of DRD in a young female presenting with paraparesis, foot dystonia (more pronounced in the right foot) and pronounced walking impairment, who was admitted for emergency treatment to a Neurology Unit. Based on the additional tests, which included a levodopa trial and Sanger sequencing, the patient was diagnosed with DRD. Levodopa caused a considerable improvement of the symptoms. The article describes the clinical features of the disease, talks about its differential diagnosis, genetic predisposition and treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Execution of Mumtaz Qadri & Urdu Print Media of Pakistan: Exploring Consistency and Discord Frames in Editorializing of Blasphemy & Freedom of expression

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasaddaq Hussain Qureshi ◽  
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Pervez
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Framing Theory ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right

This paper focuses on the frames; through which execution of Mumtaz Qadri’s editorialized by the Urdu print media of Pakistan. Eighteen editorials on the selected topic, from March 1, 2016, to April 1, 2016, are selected as a sample from five leading national newspapers viz. Jang, Nawa-e-Waqt, Ausaf, Ummat, and Islam. Freedom of expression and blasphemy depicted through consistency and discord frames is explored with the help of Galtung’s peace and violence journalism indicators. The content analysis approach is applied, with the Framing theory providing theoretical background. It has been found that Media portrayed the issue through discord frame as a dominant frame, which approved the notion of Galtung that media usually portray the conflicts through violence journalism frame. It also approved that the media have not continued framing by a uniform pace. They play an active role in opinion formation of a public. With the passage of time media changed their framing tone from discord to the consistency frames. This proves that media is conscious to enjoy the right of freedom of expression with reference to the blasphemy, in such a volatile situation.

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